Ghost of Kyiv

Mythical Ukrainian flying ace

Ghost of Kyiv, painting by Ukrainian illustrator Andrii Dankovych.

The Ghost of Kyiv (Ukrainian: Привид Києва, romanized: Pryvyd Kyieva,[1] pronounced [ˈprɪwɪd ˈkɪjewɐ]) is the nickname given to a mythical[2][3][4] MiG-29 Fulcrum flying ace credited with shooting down six Russian planes over Kyiv during the Kyiv offensive on 24 February 2022. Various reports, including the Security Service of Ukraine, made similar claims. The Ghost of Kyiv has been credited as a morale booster for Ukrainians during the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Two months after the story spread, the Ukrainian Air Force acknowledged that the fighter was a myth, and warned people not to "neglect the basic rules of information hygiene" and to "check the sources of information, before spreading it".[2][5][6] Experts have stated that stories such as Ghost of Kyiv are part of Ukrainian propaganda or a morale-boosting campaign, or potentially both.[7][8][9]

## Background and claims

[edit]

Ukrainian Air Force MiG-29 in 2018. A similar plane was credited to the Ghost of Kyiv.

### Story

[edit]

On 24 February 2022, Russia began a large-scale invasion of Ukraine in an escalation of a pre-existing war between the two countries. During the Kyiv offensive, which began on the first day of the invasion, videos on social media began widely circulating of fighter jets in Ukraine shortly after the invasion started, including claims of a pilot who took down multiple Russian jets.[10][11] The claim that a MiG-29 pilot nicknamed the "Ghost of Kyiv" who won six air fights in the skies of Kyiv appeared during the first 30 hours of the invasion.[1][12] The six planes were reported as two Su-35s, two Su-25s, an Su-27, and an enemy MiG-29.[13][14][15] If the flying ace had existed, they would have been the first recorded fighter ace of the 21st century.[16]

The Ukrainian Ministry of Defence claimed that—would the shoot-downs be confirmed—the Ghost of Kyiv could be one of the dozens of experienced pilots of the military reserve who returned to the Armed Forces of Ukraine after Russia invaded.[17] In a tweet, it referred to the Ghost of Kyiv as "the air avenger".[18] However, Ukrainian commander-in-chief Valerii Zaluzhnyi said he could only confirm a total of six Russian planes downed on the first day of fighting in Ukraine, though there may have been more.[12]

The image tweeted by Poroshenko, later revealed to be fighter pilot Andrii Pilshchykov.

Former Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko posted a tweet of a photograph of a fighter pilot, falsely claiming it to be the Ghost of Kyiv.[19][20][21] The photo was later found to be an unrelated image from a Ministry of Defense post from 2019.[21] On 27 February, the Security Service of Ukraine said in a Facebook post that the Ghost of Kyiv had shot down 10 aircraft.[22] By March 2, official sources had confirmed neither an individual identity nor an official record for the rumored pilot.[23]

### Doubts

[edit]

A day later, however, The Times reported that a Ukrainian military source said the pilot was real and still alive.[24] The Armed Forces of Ukraine posted on Facebook the purported pilot in his helmet with the visor up with the caption: "Hello, occupier, I'm coming for your soul!"[25]

Military.com stated that the Ghost of Kyiv was "almost certainly a myth, albeit an incredibly useful one as Ukraine tries to rally its citizens to resist Russian conquest".[26] Newsweek wrote that the Ghost of Kyiv was "very likely not real, but instead, an imaginary hero designed to bolster Ukrainians' morale in the face of the Russian invasion," adding that "there is zero evidence the 'Ghost of Kyiv' exists with Ukrainian authorities not confirming their existence".[12]

Reexaminations have characterized the Ghost of Kyiv as a part of a larger "information war" to counter the Russian invasion.[27] Despite the Russian military owning an advantage in its use of information, Ukraine has defended the country's efforts and may have overtaken them using Russia's lack of success.[clarification needed][28] Task & Purpose and The Times of Israel have described the Ghost of Kyiv as a narrative that's an element of Ukraine's resistance.[28][27]

Selfie by Pilshchykov, 25 April 2019.

### Clarifications

[edit]

The persona is based on confirmed downing of Russian planes, assigned to one heroic figure.[29]

On 30 April 2022, Ukraine's Air Force Command admitted the mythical status of the Ghost of Kyiv: "The ghost of Kyiv is a superhero-legend, whose character was created by Ukrainians,"[2] adding that "the #GhostOfKyiv is alive, it embodies the collective spirit of the highly qualified pilots".[30]

In early 2024, Ukraine Ground Forces spokesperson Illia Yevlash admitted that the pilot is fictional and was created by his team after Ukrainian Force showed repeated ability to down Russian planes:

> During a brainstorming session, it seems to me that Volodymyr Fityo (Ukrainian Ground Forces Spokesperson) suggested calling him "The Ghost of Kyiv." Everyone supported the idea. Later the news agencies, the United News Telemarathon, spread the info. We wrote a post about him twice, and then "The Ghost" began to live [on] his own.[29]

Serhiy Cherevat, spokesman for the Eastern UAF Group, pointed out that the men "create[d] the image of an avenger, a national hero, a flying ace destroying the enemy aircraft."[29]

An anonymous Ukrainian military expert told BBC that the myth helped "raise morale at a time when people need simple stories", while the Air Force Command warned people to not "neglect the basic rules of information hygiene" and to "check the sources of information, before spreading it".[2][5][6] The statement came after multiple media outlets published stories wrongly identifying Major Stepan Tarabalka as the man behind the moniker. Tarabalka was a pilot who died on 13 March 2022 during air combat against Russian aircraft and was posthumously awarded the title Hero of Ukraine.[31]

In an interview on June 8, addressing the Ghost of Kyiv myth specifically, Ukrainian government advisor Liubov Tsybulska indicated the importance of avoiding the use of disinformation while acknowledging that mistakes may sometimes happen. She emphasized that the Ukrainian government was "capable of having lessons learned" and further expressed the most important thing was that the misinformation was acknowledged and removed.[32]

### Representations

[edit]

After Ukrainian fighter pilot Andrii Pilshchykov died on 25 August 2023, it was revealed that the original photo which purported to show the Ghost of Kyiv, shared by Poroshenko and spread by the media, showed Pilshchykov, who was also one of the original creators of the "Ghost of Kyiv" myth.[33]

## Legacy

[edit]

3D fan art of the Ghost of Kyiv.

Despite the Ghost of Kyiv being an urban legend or instance of war propaganda, the pilot's alleged existence has been credited as a major morale boost for the Ukrainian population by bolstering optimism during the Russian invasion.[10][34][35] The story was widely shared by Ukrainians on social media[12][18] and eventually came to be treated by some as a composite character metaphorically representing the actions of the entire Ukrainian air force.[36][37]

Computer-generated footage of the Ghost of Kyiv winning a dogfight was made using the 2013 video game Digital Combat Simulator and uploaded by a YouTube user. The uploader stated in the description that the footage was not real and was merely a tribute, urging the Ghost of Kyiv, real or fake, to keep fighting. The video was subsequently shared by the official Twitter account of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.[12] The video went viral on social media, although Snopes noted that the circulating video was miscaptioned.[38][39][40] Separately, comedian Sam Hyde's face was photoshopped onto an American pilot who was killed in a 2018 jet crash in Ukraine, as part of a long-running joke to link Hyde to atrocities.[41] Similar to the Ghost of Kyiv, on 26 February 2022, social media reports emerged of a Ukrainian army soldier dubbed the "Ukrainian Reaper", who supposedly killed over twenty Russian soldiers in combat alone.[42]

Task & Purpose argued that while it was highly unlikely there were even six air-to-air takedowns in total, given their rarity in the 21st century and Ukraine's strong missile defense, the Ghost of Kyiv was "real enough" as the spirit of the Ukrainians.[34] Tom Demerly of The Aviationist argued that the Ghost of Kyiv is an "example of bizarre distortions ... amplified by the chaos of war".[43]

## See also

[edit]

* Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
* Vadym Voroshylov (Karaya)
* Oleksandr Oksanchenko (Grey wolf)
* Andrii Pilshchykov (Juice)
* Stepan Tarabalka
* Mykhailo Matiushenko
* Colonel Tomb – Mythical flying ace representing the Vietnam People's Air Force, and claimed killed by the Americans
* Lei Feng – Chinese soldier and propaganda icon (1940–1962)
* White Tights – Urban legend about female snipers fighting against Russian forces
* Lone gunner of Flesquières – Possibly mythical German officer in 1917
* Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II
* Cyborgs (Donetsk airport)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Привид Києва": пілот МіГ-29 за 30 годин здобув 6 повітряних перемог над окупантом ["Ghost of Kyiv": MiG-29 pilot won 6 air victories over the occupier in 30 hours]. 5 Kanal (in Ukrainian). 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
2. ^ a b c d Bubola, Emma (1 May 2022). "Ukraine acknowledges that the 'Ghost of Kyiv' is a myth". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
3. ^ Axe, David (30 April 2022). "The 'Ghost Of Kyiv,' Who Was Never Real, Just Got Killed In The Press". Forbes. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
4. ^ Lajka, Arijeta (2 May 2022). "Ukraine admits 'Ghost of Kyiv' fighter pilot is a myth". Associated Press. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
5. ^ a b Beachum, Lateshia (1 May 2022). "The 'Ghost of Kyiv' was never alive, Ukrainian air force says". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
6. ^ a b Peter, Laurence (1 May 2022). "How Ukraine's 'Ghost of Kyiv' legendary pilot was born". BBC News. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
7. ^ Thompson, Stuart A.; Alba, Davey (3 March 2022). "Fact and Mythmaking Blend in Ukraine's Information War". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
8. ^ ""Призрак Киева" - это украинская пропаганда или реальный человек? Проверяем". Factcheck.kg (in Russian). 31 July 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
9. ^ Yang, Maya; Badshah, Nadeem; Thomas, Tobi (15 October 2022). "Russia-Ukraine war live: 'endemic corruption and poor logistics' harming Russian military, says UK – as it happened". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 January 2023. "Ukraine's Ministry of Defence has revealed the identity of the "Ghost of Vinnytsia" who had replaced the "Ghost of Kyiv", which turned out to be propaganda, in a Twitter post"
10. ^ a b Miller, Christopher; Koshiw, Isobel; Kiehart, Pete (27 February 2022). "Stories Of Ukrainian Heroism Are Emerging And Giving The Country Hope". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
11. ^ Miller, Daniel (25 February 2022). "Who is the 'Ghost of Kyiv'? Tale of Ukrainian fighter pilot trends on social media". Fox 2 Detroit. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
12. ^ a b c d e Van Brugen, Isabel (25 February 2022). "Who is the Ghost of Kyiv? Ukraine MiG-29 Fighter Pilot Becomes the Stuff of Legend". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
13. ^ LW (25 February 2022). "The Ghost of Kyiv, Ukraine's urban legend of a hero ace pilot". Marca. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
14. ^ Nelson, David (25 February 2022). "Ghost of Kyiv: unconfirmed Ukrainian MiG-29 pilot credited with six kills". Diario AS. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
15. ^ Naar, Ismaeel (25 February 2022). "Ukrainians call unidentified fighter pilot 'Ghost of Kiev' after dogfight videos surface". The National. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
16. ^ "Is 'Ghost of Kyiv' real? Ukrainian military tweets on mystery MiG-29 pilot". The Week. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
17. ^ Ministry of Defence of Ukraine [MinistryofDefence.UA] (25 February 2022). До строю авіації... [To the air force ...] (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022 – via Facebook.
18. ^ a b Milmo, Cahal (25 February 2022). "The Ghost of Kyiv: How Ukraine is harnessing the urban legend of a mysterious fighter ace to boost morale". i. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
19. ^ "Who is the 'Ghost of Kyiv'? The ace pilot giving hope to Ukrainians". WION. 26 February 2022. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
20. ^ LW (26 February 2022). "Former Ukraine president confirms the 'Ghost of Kyiv' is real". Marca. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
21. ^ a b Eisele, Ines (1 March 2022). "Fact check: Ukraine's 'Ghost of Kyiv' fighter pilot". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
22. ^ Легендарний український пілот "Привид Києва" вже збив 10 російських літаків – СБУ [Legendary Ukrainian pilot "Ghost of Kyiv" has already shot down 10 Russian jets – SBU]. 5 Kanal (in Ukrainian). 27 February 2022. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
23. ^ Parkins, Brianna (2 March 2022). "FactCheck: Is this footage of the famed Ghost of Kyiv?". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 20 March 2022. "The pilot has not been officially identified and his record has not been confirmed by official sources."
24. ^ Brown, Larisa; Wright, Oliver (3 March 2022). "Underdog Ukrainian pilots fight high-tech Russian adversaries with skill". The Times. Retrieved 11 March 2022. "A Ukrainian military source said that a MiG-29 pilot nicknamed the Ghost of Kyiv, who was claimed to have shot down six Russian planes on the first day of the invasion, was real and was still alive. It was not clear whether he was involved in the dogfight yesterday."
25. ^ Rose, David (11 March 2022). "Meet Ukraine's Ghost of Kyiv who is 'coming for Russia's soul'". The Times. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
26. ^ Novelly, Thomas (2 March 2022). "Ukraine's Fighter Ace 'Ghost of Kyiv' May Be a Myth, But It's Lethal as War Morale". Military.com. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
27. ^ a b Ben-David, Ricky; Freedman, Ethan (3 April 2022). "Ukraine has upper hand in information war, but Russia eyes a long game". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
28. ^ a b Johnson, Daniel (29 March 2022). "The real reason Ukraine's information war is so successful". Task & Purpose. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
29. ^ a b c Shashkova, Maryna (25 February 2024). "The Ghost of Kyiv: Who Is the Legendary Pilot of the Russo-Ukrainian War?". Kyiv Post. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
30. ^ Shoaib, Alia (1 May 2022). "Ukraine's Air Force debunks 'Ghost of Kyiv' death, says it is not one man but represents all pilots". Business Insider. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
31. ^ Lajka, Arijeta (2 May 2022). "'A super-hero legend': Ukraine admits 'Ghost of Kyiv' fighter pilot is a myth". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
32. ^ Russians should 'do their homework' and oust Putin says Ukraine advisor (Video). Deutsche Welle. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022 – via YouTube.
33. ^ "Born for the sky: Andrii "Juice" Pilshchykov obituary". Militarnyi. Retrieved 29 August 2023. "The commanders approved this idea as trolling the Russians, who said they had destroyed all the aviation on the first day of the war. And Andrii, who had such a caustic trolling style, said: "And here we are on the very planes that they destroyed, which are not there – we are fighting them so much. And who are we? Ghosts!""
34. ^ a b Keller, Jared (25 February 2022). "'The Ghost of Kyiv' is the first urban legend of Russia's invasion of Ukraine". Task & Purpose. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
35. ^ Bhalla, Abhishek (26 February 2022). "Ghost of Kyiv: A war hero's folklore in Ukraine or propaganda?". India Today. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
36. ^ Crane, Emily (11 March 2022). "Ukrainian military warns 'Ghost of Kyiv' is 'coming for Russia's soul'". New York Post. Retrieved 12 March 2022. "Regardless, the pilot has become a folk hero amid the bloodshed and the term has been adopted to refer to the entire Ukrainian air force."
37. ^ LW (12 March 2022). "'Ghost of Kyiv' returns and threatens that it is 'coming for Russia's soul'". Marca. Retrieved 12 March 2022. "As a result, the term by which this pilot has been called has been adopted to name the entire Ukrainian air force."
38. ^ Gach, Ethan (26 January 2022). "'Ghost Of Kyiv' Fighter Pilot Blowing Up Russian Aircraft In Trending Clip Actually From Video Game". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
39. ^ Evon, Dan (25 February 2022). "Is This 'Ghost of Kyiv' Video Real?". Snopes. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
40. ^ Silverman, Craig; Kao, Jeff (8 March 2022). "In the Ukraine Conflict, Fake Fact-Checks Are Being Used to Spread Disinformation". ProPublica. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
41. ^ "Fact Check-Comedian Sam Hyde is not the 'Ghost of Kyiv'". Reuters. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
42. ^ LW (26 February 2022). "If you liked the 'Ghost of Kyiv', you will love the 'Ukrainian Reaper'". Marca. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
43. ^ Demerly, Tom (25 February 2022). "The 'Ghost of Kyiv', The Missing Mega-Plane, A Rogue Air India flight and a Samurai: Welcome to the Fog of War". The Aviationist. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Ghost of Kyiv at Wikimedia Commons

* v
* t
* e

Russian invasion of Ukraine

Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War

Overview

General|

* Outline
* Timeline
* Prelude
* Feb–Apr 2022
* Apr–Aug 2022
* Aug–Nov 2022
* Nov 2022 – Jun 2023
* Jun–Aug 2023
* Sep–Nov 2023
* Dec 2023 – Mar 2024
* Apr–Jul 2024
* Aug–Dec 2024
* Jan–May 2025
* Jun 2025 – present
* Aerial warfare
* Defense lines
* Foreign fighters
* Information war
* Naval warfare
* Legality
* Map
* Order of battle
* Peace negotiations
* Ukraine's Peace Formula
* China peace proposal
* June 2024 peace summit
* Proposed no-fly zone
* Red lines
* Reparations
* Territorial control
* Women

Prelude|

* Reactions
* Disinformation
* Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory
* Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction
* 2021 Russia–United States summit
* 2021 Black Sea incident
* Belarus–European Union border crisis
* "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians"
* Crimea Platform
* Zapad 2021
* December 2021 ultimatum
* 2022 Ukraine cyberattacks
* Zametil 2022
* Union Resolve 2022
* Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing
* British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact
* Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* "Address concerning the events in Ukraine"
* "On conducting a special military operation"

Background|

* Dissolution of the Soviet Union
* 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
* Annexation of Crimea
* reactions
* War in Donbas
* 2022 timeline
* Minsk agreements
* humanitarian situation
* international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* Putinism
* Foundations of Geopolitics
* Novorossiya
* Ruscism
* Russian irredentism
* Russian imperialism

Foreign
relations|

* Russia–Ukraine
* Belarus–Ukraine
* Belarus–Russia
* Russia–United States
* Ukraine–United States
* Russia–NATO
* Ukraine–NATO
* enlargement of NATO
* eastward expansion controversy in Russia
* open door policy

Military engagements

Southern
Ukraine|

* Snake Island campaign
* Siege of Mariupol
* Battle of Kherson
* Capture of Melitopol
* Battle of Mykolaiv
* Battle of Enerhodar
* Battle of Voznesensk
* Kherson counteroffensive
* Liberation of Kherson
* Dnieper campaign
* Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam

Eastern
Ukraine|

* Battle of Volnovakha
* Battle of Kharkiv
* Battle of Izium
* Battle of Rubizhne
* Battle of Popasna
* Battle of Marinka
* Battle of Donbas
* Battle of the Siverskyi Donets
* Battle of Sievierodonetsk
* Battle of Lysychansk
* Battle of Pisky
* Battle of Bakhmut
* Battle of Soledar
* Battle of Vuhledar
* Kharkiv counteroffensive
* Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)
* Luhansk Oblast campaign
* Kupiansk
* Northeast Donetsk
* Battle of Avdiivka
* Battle of Chasiv Yar
* Battle of Krasnohorivka
* Battle of Ocheretyne
* Battle of Toretsk
* Pokrovsk offensive
* Battle of Kurakhove

Northern
Ukraine|

* Capture of Chernobyl
* Russian Kyiv convoy
* Battle of Kyiv
* Battle of Antonov Airport
* Battle of Hostomel
* Battle of Bucha
* Battle of Irpin
* Battle of Makariv
* Battle of Moshchun
* Destruction of the Kozarovychi Dam
* Battle of Brovary
* Battle of Slavutych
* Battle of Sumy
* Siege of Chernihiv
* Northeastern border skirmishes
* 2025 Sumy Oblast incursion

Russia|

* Bryansk Oblast raid
* Kremlin drone attack
* Moscow drone strikes
* 2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions
* 30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling
* February 2024 Belgorod missile strike
* May 2024 Belgorod missile strike
* March 2024 western Russia incursion
* 2024 Kursk offensive
* occupation
* Battles for Olgovskiy Forest
* Toropets depot explosions
* 2025 Belgorod Oblast incursion

Airstrikes
by city|

* Chernihiv strikes
* Dnipro strikes
* Huliaipole strikes
* Ivano-Frankivsk strikes
* Kharkiv strikes
* Kherson strikes
* Khmelnytskyi strikes
* Kryvyi Rih strikes
* Kyiv strikes
* Lviv strikes
* Mykolaiv strikes
* Odesa strikes
* Rivne strikes
* Vinnytsia strikes
* Zaporizhzhia strikes
* Zhytomyr strikes

Airstrikes
on military
targets|

* Chuhuiv air base attack
* Millerovo air base attack
* Chornobaivka attacks
* 7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack
* Yavoriv military base attack
* 18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack
* Berdiansk port attack
* Sinking of the Moskva
* Desna barracks airstrike
* Attack on Nova Kakhovka
* Crimea attacks
* Saky air base attack
* Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base
* Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters
* Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks
* Makiivka military quarters shelling
* Machulishchy air base attack
* Zarichne barracks airstrike
* Operation Spider's Web

Resistance|

| Russian-occupied Ukraine|

* Popular Resistance of Ukraine
* Berdiansk Partisan Army
* Yellow Ribbon
* Atesh

|

Belarusian and Russian partisans|

* Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky
* Civic Council
* Irpin Declaration
* Killing of Darya Dugina
* National Republican Army
* Military commissariats arsons
* Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting
* Black Bridge
* Rail war in Russia
* Stop the Wagons
* Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists
* Rail war in Belarus
* Busly liaciać
* BYPOL
* Community of Railway Workers
* Cyber Partisans

Russian
occupations|

* Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine

Ongoing|

* Annexation referendums
* Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts
* Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine
* Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine
* Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol
* Donetsk Oblast
* Kharkiv Oblast
* Kherson Oblast
* Luhansk Oblast
* Mykolaiv Oblast
* Zaporizhzhia Oblast
* Sumy Oblast (2025, reentry)

Previous|

* Chernihiv Oblast
* Kyiv Oblast
* Odesa Oblast
* Sumy Oblast (2022)
* Zhytomyr Oblast

Potentially
related|

* Black Sea drone incident
* Bridge collapses in Russia
* Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike
* Mystery fires in Russia
* Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* Transnistria attacks
* Zagreb Tu-141 crash

Other|

* 2022 Crimean Bridge explosion
* 2023 Crimean Bridge explosion
* 2025 Crimean Bridge explosion
* Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine
* Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War
* Dragon drone
* Violations of non-combatant airspaces
* Missile explosion in Poland
* Operation Synytsia
* Ukraine and electronic warfare
* Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia
* 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive
* 2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia
* Wagner Group rebellion

War crimes

General|

* Accusations of genocide in Donbas
* Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians
* child abductions
* Attacks on hospitals
* Cluster munitions
* Incendiary weapons
* Landmines
* Russian filtration camps
* Russian mobile crematoriums
* Russian theft of Ukrainian grain
* Russian torture chambers
* Looting
* Sexual violence
* Mistreatment of prisoners of war

Attacks on
civilians|

* February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Kharkiv government building airstrike
* 3 March Chernihiv bombing
* Irpin refugee column shelling
* Mariupol hospital airstrike
* Stara Krasnianka care house attack
* Mykolaiv cluster bombing
* March 2022 Donetsk attack
* 2022 Borodianka airstrikes
* Chernihiv breadline attack
* Mariupol theatre airstrike
* Kyiv shopping centre bombing
* Sumykhimprom ammonia leak
* March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Mykolaiv government building missile strike
* Bucha massacre
* Kramatorsk railway station attack
* April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Bilohorivka school bombing
* Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz
* Maisky Market attack
* Kremenchuk shopping mall attack
* Serhiivka missile strike
* Chasiv Yar missile strike
* Olenivka prison massacre
* Kharkiv dormitories missile strike
* Chaplyne railway station attack
* Izium mass graves
* September 2022 Donetsk attack
* Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack
* Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling
* Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike
* Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure
* 2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike
* Sloviansk airstrike
* Uman missile strike
* Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike
* Lyman cluster bombing
* 2023 Pokrovsk missile strike
* Chernihiv missile strike
* Kostiantynivka missile strike
* Hroza missile attack
* Volnovakha massacre
* December 2023 strikes
* 2024 Pokrovsk missile strike
* 2024 Donetsk attack
* Lysychansk missile strike
* 6 March 2024 Odesa strike
* March 2024 strikes
* Human safari (terror campaign)
* May 2024 Kharkiv strikes
* 8 July 2024 strikes
* 2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack
* 26 August 2024 strikes
* September 2024 Poltava strike
* November 2024 strikes
* February 2025 Poltava strike
* 2025 Sumy airstrike

Crimes
against
soldiers|

* Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan
* Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia
* Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites
* Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin
* Makiivka surrender incident
* Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi
* 2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading

Legal cases|

* ICC investigation
* Arrest warrants
* ICJ court case
* Task Force on Accountability
* Universal jurisdiction
* Crime of aggression tribunal
* Criminal proceedings
* Vadim Shishimarin
* Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov
* Anton Cherednik

Reactions

States
and
official
entities|

| General|

* Sanctions
* people and organizations
* restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast
* Military aid
* European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine
* People's Bayraktar
* Signmyrocket.com
* Humanitarian aid
* Sanctioned yachts
* Relations with Russia

|

Ukraine|

* Application to NATO
* Be Brave Like Ukraine
* Brave1
* Bring Kids Back UA
* Ban on Russia-associated religious groups
* Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War
* Decolonization and derussification law
* Delta
* Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition
* For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)
* Grain From Ukraine
* Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief
* Hero City
* I Want to Live
* International Legion and other foreign units
* Belarusian Volunteer Corps
* Terror Battalion
* Black Maple Company
* Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade
* Freedom of Russia Legion
* German Volunteer Corps
* Karelian National Battalion
* Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment
* Norman Brigade
* Pahonia Regiment
* Polish Volunteer Corps
* Romanian Battlegroup Getica
* Russian Volunteer Corps
* Separate Special Purpose Battalion
* Sibir Battalion
* Turan Battalion
* International Sponsors of War
* Forced confiscation law of Russian property [ru; uk]
* Look for Your Own
* Lukoil sanctions
* Martial law
* Mobilization
* Media Center Ukraine
* National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War [uk]
* National Multi-Subject Test [uk]
* North Korea–Ukraine relations
* Points of Invincibility
* Recognition of Ichkeria
* Rescuer City
* Save Ukrainian Culture [uk]
* Syria–Ukraine relations
* Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra
* United24
* United News

Russia|

* highways in the annexed territories
* A290
* A291 "Tavrida"
* R260
* R280 "Novorossiya"
* 2022 Moscow rally
* 2023 Moscow rally
* 2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly
* Blockade of Ukraine [ru]
* Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion
* Censorship in Russia [ru]
* Chechnya
* Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters
* Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" [ru]
* Conversations about Important Things
* Krasovsky case
* Legalization of parallel imports [ru]
* Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council
* Martial law
* Masha Moskalyova case
* Metropolis of Crimea
* Mikhail Simonov case
* Mobilization
* Recruitment of irregular forces [ru]
* Operation Doppelgänger
* Opinion polling [ru]
* Orthodox Christmas truce proposal
* Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict
* Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war
* Salvation Committee for Peace and Order
* Special Coordinating Council
* Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory
* Unfriendly countries list
* War censorship laws
* We Are Together. Sports
* "What Russia Should Do with Ukraine"

United
States|

* 2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw
* 2022 State of the Union Address
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023
* Disinformation Governance Board
* Executive Order 14071
* Pentagon document leaks
* Task Force KleptoCapture
* Ukraine Defense Contact Group
* Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act
* Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative

Other
countries|

* Belarus
* Canada
* Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel
* China
* Closer ties with Russia
* Chinese peace plan
* Hong Kong
* Croatia
* Denmark
* Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum
* France
* Mission Aigle
* Georgia
* Germany
* German Taurus controversy
* Taurus leak
* Zeitenwende speech
* Hungary
* India
* Operation Ganga
* Iran
* Closer ties with Russia
* Israel
* Operation Israel Guarantees
* Lithuania
* Moldova
* New Zealand
* Russia Sanctions Act
* North Korea
* Poland
* border crisis with Ukraine
* Syria [ru]
* Taiwan
* United Kingdom
* Economic Crime Act
* Homes for Ukraine
* Operation Interflex
* 2025 London Summit on Ukraine
* Coalition of the willing

United
Nations|

* Emergency special session
* Resolution ES-11/1
* Resolution ES-11/2
* Resolution ES-11/3
* Resolution ES-11/4
* Resolution ES-11/5
* Resolution ES-11/6
* Resolution ES-11/7
* Security Council Resolution 2623
* Resolution A/RES/77/229
* Easter truce

International
organizations|

* Accession of Moldova to the EU
* Accession of Ukraine to the EU
* Brussels summit
* European Political Community
* 1st summit
* 2nd summit
* 3rd summit
* Madrid summit
* NATO virtual summit
* Operation Oscar
* Ramstein Air Base meeting
* EU–Ukraine Summit
* REPowerEU
* Steadfast Defender 2024
* SWIFT ban against Russian banks
* Ukraine Recovery Conference
* Versailles declaration
* 2023 Vilnius summit
* 15th BRICS summit
* 2024 Washington summit
* Weimar+

Other|

* Consecration of Russia
* F-16 training coalition
* Finland–NATO relations
* Finland–Russia border barrier
* Iron diplomacy
* Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia
* Removal of monuments and memorials
* Streets renamed
* Ukraine Square, Oslo
* Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion
* Sweden–NATO relations
* Swedish anti-terrorism bill

Public|

| Protests|

* In Ukraine
* in Russian-occupied Ukraine
* demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin
* ArmWomenNow
* Ukrainian Artistic Front
* In Russia
* Angry patriots
* Club of Angry Patriots
* Anti-War Committee
* Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople
* Congress of People's Deputies
* Council of Mothers and Wives
* Feminist Anti-War Resistance
* Flower protests
* Marina Ovsyannikova
* Russian Action Committee
* North Caucasian protests
* 2022 Russian Far East protests
* State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason
* White-blue-white flag
* In Belarus
* In China
* Great Translation Movement
* In Czech Republic
* Czech Republic First!

|

Companies|

* Address of the Russian Union of Rectors
* Boycott of Russia and Belarus
* "Do not buy Russian goods!"
* E.N.O.T. Corp.
* Igor Mangushev
* McDonald's in Russia
* Vkusno i tochka
* NashStore [ru]
* People's Satellite
* Starlink satellites
* Stop Bloody Energy
* Wagner Group
* Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev
* Death of Nemes Tarimo
* Yale CELI List of Companies

Technology|

* Anonymous and the invasion
* alerts.in.ua
* DDoS attacks on Romania
* DeepStateMap.Live
* Denys Davydov
* IT Army of Ukraine
* Killnet
* Liveuamap
* Open-source intelligence
* peacenotwar
* Russian Asset Tracker
* Squad303 [pl]
* Ukraine Siren Alerts
* Wikipedia
* threat to block in Russia
* detention of Mark Bernstein

Spies|

* Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
* Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War

Other|

* Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families
* Black Sea Grain Initiative
* Collaboration with Russia
* We Are Together with Russia
* Concert for Ukraine
* Free Buryatia Foundation
* Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum
* Game4Ukraine
* Get Lost
* Global Tour for Peace
* Go by the Forest
* Guide to the Free World
* Mozart Group
* Olena Zelenska Foundation
* Open letter from Nobel laureates
* Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion
* Rubikus.HelpUA
* Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation
* Russia's War Crimes House
* Save Ukraine
* Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online
* Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation
* Spain letter bomb attacks
* Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions
* Pavel Filatyev
* True Russia
* Volos Declaration
* Vyvozhuk
* Wimbledon ban

Impact

Effects|

* Aircraft losses
* Casualties
* journalists killed
* Russian generals killed
* Economic impact
* Inflation surge
* 2022 Moldovan energy crisis
* protests
* 2025 Moldovan energy crisis
* Russia–EU gas dispute
* 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* Russian debt default
* 2022 Russian oil price cap
* 2022-2024 German economic crisis
* 2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap
* EU natural gas price cap
* Education
* End of the Whisky War
* Environmental impact
* European re-armament
* Eurovision Song Contest 2022
* Russia
* Ukraine
* Eurovision Song Contest 2023
* Food crises
* Impact on theatre [uk]
* List of notable deaths
* Lukoil oil transit dispute
* Nuclear power plants
* Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis
* Nuclear risk
* Religion
* Russian emigration
* The Ark
* Ship losses
* Ukrainian cultural heritage
* art theft and looting
* damaged cultural sites
* Trauma
* Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion
* Ukrainian energy crisis
* Violations of non-combatant airspaces
* Women

Human
rights|

* Humanitarian impact
* Ukrainian refugee crisis
* 2025 Amsterdam stabbing attack
* Sobieskiego 100
* UN Commission of Inquiry
* UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission

Terms,
phrases|

* "And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from"
* "Anglo-Saxons"
* "Bavovna"
* "Grandpa in his bunker"
* "Good evening, we are from Ukraine"
* "Orc"
* "Putin khuylo!"
* "Khuy Voyne!"
* "Russia is here forever [uk]"
* "Russian warship, go fuck yourself"
* "Slava Ukraini!"
* "Special military operation"
* "To bomb Voronezh"
* "Strength is in truth"
* "Westsplaining"
* "Where have you been for eight years?"
* "Without you"

Popular
culture|

| Songs|

* "12"
* "Bakhmut Fortress"
* "Bayraktar"
* "Bilia topoli"
* "City of Mary"
* "Flowers of Minefields"
* "Generation Cancellation"
* "Generation Z"
* "I'm Russian"
* "Oyda"
* "Hey, Hey, Rise Up!"
* "Mama ŠČ!"
* "Oi u luzi chervona kalyna"
* "Slava Ukraini!"
* "Stefania"
* "Ukraine"
* "Crushed"

|

Films|

* 20 Days in Mariupol
* A Rising Fury
* Follow Me
* Intercepted
* Russians at War
* Turn in the Wound
* Ukraine on Fire 2 [uk]

Other|

* Babylon'13
* Back to the Cold War
* Borodianka cat [uk]
* Ghost of Kyiv
* Kherson watermelon
* Královec Region
* Madonna of Kyiv
* North Atlantic Fella Organization
* Newspeak in Russia
* Patron
* "Putler"
* "Putinversteher"
* Raccoon of Kherson
* Saint Javelin
* Saint Mariuburg [ru; uk]
* Vasylkiv maiolica rooster
* Vladimir Putin's meeting table
* Walk of the Brave
* "Z" military symbol

Key people

Ukrainians|

* Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* speeches during the invasion
* visit to the United States
* visit to the United Kingdom
* visits to Europe
* Anatolii Kryvonozhko
* Anatoliy Barhylevych
* Andrii Hnatov
* Andriy Biletsky
* Andriy Yermak
* Denys Shmyhal
* Denys Kireyev  X
* Denys Monastyrsky  †
* Denys Prokopenko
* Ihor Klymenko
* Iryna Venediktova
* Kyrylo Budanov
* Mykhailo Drapatyi
* Mykola Oleschuk
* Oleksandr Pavlyuk
* Oleksandr Syrskyi
* Oleksii Reznikov
* Oleksiy Danilov
* Oleksiy Neizhpapa
* Ruslan Khomchak
* Rustem Umerov
* Sergiy Kyslytsya
* Serhiy Shaptala
* Serhii Sternenko
* Valerii Zaluzhnyi
* Vasyl Malyuk
* Vitali Klitschko
* Yevhen Moisiuk
* Yulia Svyrydenko

Russians|

* Vladimir Putin
* Aleksandr Dvornikov
* Aleksandr Lapin
* Aleksey Dyumin
* Aleksey Nagin  †
* Alexander Bortnikov
* Andrei Kolesnikov
* Andrei Sychevoi
* Andrey Belousov
* Andrey Vorobyov
* Dmitry Medvedev
* Gennady Zhidko  #
* Igor Kastyukevich
* Ivan Popov
* Mikhail Mishustin
* Maria Lvova-Belova
* Nikolai Patrushev
* Oleg Salyukov
* Oleg Tsokov  †
* Ramzan Kadyrov
* Roman Berdnikov
* Rustam Muradov
* Sergey Kobylash
* Sergey Lavrov
* Sergey Naryshkin
* Sergei Shoigu
* Sergey Surovikin
* Timur Ivanov
* Valery Gerasimov
* Viktor Sokolov
* Viktor Zolotov
* Vitaly Gerasimov
* Vyacheslav Gladkov
* Vyacheslav Volodin
* Yevgeny Prigozhin  X

Other|

* Alexander Lukashenko
* Denis Pushilin
* Leonid Pasechnik
* Sergey Aksyonov
* Vitaly Ganchev
* Vladimir Saldo
* Yevgeny Balitsky
* Yuriy Barbashov

Related

* 2023 North Korea–Russia summit
* 2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine
* 2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine
* 2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia
* 2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine
* 2025 Putin–Trump call
* Anti-drone mesh
* Anti-Russian sentiment
* Anti-Ukrainian sentiment
* Antonov An-225 Mriya
* Axis of Upheaval
* Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243
* Azovstal Iron and Steel Works
* Brovary helicopter crash
* Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes
* Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death
* Decolonization in Ukraine
* Decommunization in Ukraine
* Derussification in Ukraine
* Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine
* Foreign leaders that have visited during the invasion
* Institute for the Study of War
* Irkutsk Su-30 crash
* Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash
* Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash
* Kyivstar cyberattack
* Lady R incident
* Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations
* Nord Stream 2
* Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria
* Punisher
* Russian nuclear weapons
* Sarmat
* Rico Krieger
* Russian military presence in Transnistria
* Ryazan Il-76 crash
* Siberian wildfires
* Sinhury mid-air collision [uk; zh]
* Soloti military training ground shooting
* Soviet imagery
* Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support
* Turtle tank
* U-24 association
* Ukrainian-African Renaissance
* Ukrainian conscription crisis
* Western long-range weapons in Russia
* Ural Airlines Flight 1383
* "The Vladimir Putin Interview"
* Voronezh An-26 crash
* Wagner Group plane crash
* Yeysk Su-34 crash
* Yaroslav Hunka scandal
* Time of Heroes

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Urban legends

* List

By region|

| North America|

* 27 Club
* White lighter curse
* 2016 clown sightings
* The Baby-Roast
* The babysitter and the man upstairs
* The Backrooms
* Bermuda Triangle
* Bloody Mary
* Coghlan's coffin
* Chase Vault
* Cow tipping
* The Dark Side of the Rainbow
* John Fare
* Gasoline pill
* The Hook
* Killer in the backseat
* The Licked Hand
* Lighthouse and naval vessel
* Men in black
* Momo Challenge hoax
* Sad Satan
* Snuff films
* The Spooklight
* Tayopa
* Frank Tower
* Vanishing hitchhiker

Canada|

* Angikuni's disappeared Inuit village
* Oak Island money pit
* Screaming Tunnel
* St. Louis light
* Thetis Lake Monster

United
States|

* Aurora
* Baby Train
* Black children as alligator bait
* Black Dog of the Hanging Hills
* Black-eyed children
* Blue star tattoo
* Boy Scout Lane
* Brown Mountain lights
* Bunny Man
* Charlie No-Face
* Chimera House
* Choking Doberman
* "Jeff the Killer"-inspired stabbing and shooting
* Rodney Cox
* Rudolph Fentz
* Goatmen
* Goatman's Bridge
* Maryland's Goatman
* Pope Lick Monster
* Lake Worth Monster
* The Hands Resist Him
* Haunchyville
* JATO Rocket Car
* Kay's Cross
* Kennedy curse
* Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences
* Lost Dutchman's Mine
* Melon heads
* Mel's Hole
* Midgetville
* Night Doctors
* Phantom social workers
* Philadelphia Experiment
* Poisoned candy
* Polybius
* Sightings of Elvis Presley
* Richmond Vampire
* Ronald Opus
* Seven Gates of Hell
* Sewer alligators
* Slender Man stabbing
* "Tourist guy"

Continental and
mainland Asia|

* Colonel Tomb
* Nale Ba
* SS Ourang Medan
* Orang Minyak

India|

* Indian rope trick
* Monkey-man of Delhi

Japan|

* Curse of the Colonel
* Aka Manto ("Red Cape")
* Hanako-san of the Toilet
* Headless Rider
* Inunaki Village
* John Zegrus
* Kisaragi Station
* Kokkuri
* Kuchisake-onna ("Slit-Mouthed Woman")
* Kunekune ("Wriggling Body")
* Lavender Town
* Red Room Curse
* 'Sony timer'
* Teke Teke

Philippines|

* Biringan City
* Yamashita's gold

Continental
Europe|

* And yet it moves
* Black Volga
* Ghost of Kyiv
* Herobrine
* Konstantinos Koukidis
* Le Loyon
* Pérák
* Red mercury
* Silverpilen
* This Man

France|

* Angels of Mons
* Vanishing Hotel Room

Germany|

* German Corpse Factory
* Lampshades made from human skin
* Soap made from human corpses
* Lone gunner of Flesquières
* Nazi UFOs

Poland|

* Nazi gold train
* Zegrze Reservoir Monster

Soviet Union/Russia|

* Legends of Catherine the Great
* Lenin was a mushroom
* Hitler's pet alligator
* Well to Hell
* White Tights

Spain|

* Castilian lisp
* Sacamantecas
* Santa Compaña

United Kingdom|

* 999 phone charging myth
* Baby Train
* Black dog
* The Crying Boy
* The Dark Side of the Rainbow
* HMS Friday
* Phantom social workers
* The Spider Bite
* Strategic steam reserve
* RMS Titanic

England|

* British big cats
* University of Cambridge legends
* Croydon Cat Killer
* Isaac Newton's dog
* Drake's Drum
* Manchester Pusher
* Man Proposes, God Disposes
* Mistletoe bough
* Paul is dead
* Ratman of Southend
* Spring-heeled Jack
* Sweeney Todd

Africa|

* Elephants' graveyard
* Guegue
* Madam Koi Koi

Oceania|

* Bass Strait Triangle

Australia|

* Baby Train
* Harold Holt disappearance rumours
* Flora and Fauna Act
* Mahogany Ship
* Poinciana Woman

New Zealand|

* Canterbury Panther
* Lyall's wren extinction
* Moa sightings
* Waitoreke

South America|

* James Bartley
* Treasure of Lima

Topic articles|

* Creepypastas
* Legends and myths regarding the Titanic
* McDonald's urban legends
* Time travel claims and urban legends
* Urban legends about drugs

Theorists
and analysis|

* Jan Harold Brunvand
* Hoax Slayer
* Linda Dégh
* Gary Alan Fine
* Patricia Turner
* Snopes

TV series|

* Beyond Belief: Fact or Fiction
* MythBusters
* Urban Legends
* Channel Zero

In fiction|

* _9MOTHER9HORSE9EYES9
* Candyman franchise
* No Through Road
* Petscop
* SCP Foundation
* Urban Legend (film series)

Related|

* List of creepypastas
* List of cryptids
* Lists of fictional species
* Lists of legendary creatures

* Category

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