Glycerol (data page)

Chemical data page

This page provides supplementary chemical data on glycerol.

## Material Safety Data Sheet

[edit]

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.

* [1]

## Structure and properties

[edit]

Structure and properties

Index of refraction, nD | 1.4729 at 20 °C
Abbe number | ?
Dielectric constant, εr | 42.5 ε0 at 25 °C
Bond strength | ?
Bond length | ?
Bond angle | ?
Magnetic susceptibility | ?
Surface tension[1] | 63.4 mN/m at 20 °C
58.6 mN/m at 90 °C
51.9 mN/m at 150 °C
Viscosity[2] | 1.412 Pa·s at 20 °C

## Thermodynamic properties

[edit]

Phase behavior

Triple point | 291.8 K (18.7 °C), ~99500 Pa
Critical point | 850 K (577 °C), 7500 kPa
Std enthalpy change
of fusion, ΔfusH ~~o~~ | 18.28 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of fusion, ΔfusS ~~o~~ | 62.7 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change
of vaporization, ΔvapH ~~o~~ | 91.7 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of vaporization, ΔvapS ~~o~~ | 201 J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfH ~~o~~ solid | ? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
S ~~o~~ solid | 37.87 J/(mol K)[3]
Heat capacity, cp | 150\. J/(mol K) 6 °C - 11 °C
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfH ~~o~~ liquid | –669.6 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
S ~~o~~ liquid | 206.3 J/(mol K)[4]
Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcH ~~o~~ | –1654.3 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, cp | 221.9 J/(mol K) at 25 °C
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfH ~~o~~ gas | –577.9 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
S ~~o~~ gas | ? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp | ? J/(mol K)

## Vapor pressure of liquid

[edit]

P in mm Hg | 1 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 760

|
|
|
|
|
|

T in °C | 125.5 | 167.2 | 198.0 | 220.1 | 263.0 | 290.0

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed.

loge of Glycerol vapor pressure. Uses formula:  log e ⁡ P k P a = {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \log _{e}P_{kPa}=} A × l n ( T ) + B / T + C + D × T 2 {\displaystyle \scriptstyle A\times ln(T)+B/T+C+D\times T^{2}} with coefficients A=-2.125867E+01, B=-1.672626E+04, C=1.655099E+02, and D=1.100480E-05 obtained from CHERIC[5]

## Freezing point of aqueous solutions

[edit]

% glycerol
by weight  | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Freezing point
°C  | –1.6 | –4.8 | –9.5 | –15.5 | –22.0 | –33.6 | –37.8 | –19.2 | –1.6 | 17.0
Specific gravity
d15° | 1.02415 | 1.04935 | 1.07560 | 1.10255 | 1.12985 | 1.15770 | 1.18540 | 1.21290 | 1.23950 | 1.26557

Table data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. Specific gravity is at 15 °C, referenced to water at 15 °C.

See details on: Freezing Points of Glycerine-Water Solutions Dow Chemical [6] or Freezing Points of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions.[7]

## Distillation data

[edit]

Vapor-liquid Equilibrium of Glycerol/water[8]
P = 760 mmHg

Temp.
°C  | % by mole water
liquid | vapor
278.8 | 2.75 | 93.15
247.0 | 4.67 | 94.73
224.0 | 6.90 | 95.63
219.2 | 7.67 | 97.43
210.0 | 9.01 | 97.83
202.5 | 10.31 | 97.24
196.5 | 11.59 | 98.39
175.2 | 17.56 | 98.99
149.3 | 30.04 | 99.64
137.2 | 38.47 | 99.76
136.8 | 38.95 | 98.78
131.8 | 43.58 | 99.76
121.5 | 56.33 | 99.84
112.8 | 70.68 | 99.93
111.3 | 73.86 | 99.94
106.3 | 84.42 | 99.96

## Spectral data

[edit]

UV-Vis

λmax | ? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε  | ?

Major absorption bands  | ? cm−1
NMR
Proton NMR |
Carbon-13 NMR |
Other NMR data  |

Masses of
main fragments  |

This box:

* view
* edit

* Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
* Reliability of data general note.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Physical Properties of Glycerine and its solutions" (PDF). Retrieved 19 March 2021.
2. ^ Segur, J. B.; Oberstar, H. E. (1951). "Viscosity of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 43 (9): 2117–2120\. doi:10.1021/ie50501a040.
3. ^ "Glycerin".
4. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th Ed., 2017, McGraw-Hill Education, Table 2.54.
5. ^ "Pure Component Properties" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
6. ^ Freezing Points of Glycerine-Water Solutions Dow Chemical
7. ^ Lane, Leonard B. (September 1925). "Freezing Points of Glycerol and Its Aqueous Solutions". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 17 (9): 924. doi:10.1021/ie50189a017.
8. ^ "Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved 7 June 2007.