Gmail interface

Parts of this article (those related to message composition and product integration) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2014)

|

Gmail's log-in page

The Gmail interface makes Gmail unique amongst webmail systems for several reasons. Most evident to users are its search-oriented features and means of managing e-mail in a "conversation view" that is similar to an Internet forum.

An official redesign of the Gmail interface was rolled out on November 1, 2011 that simplified the look and feel of Gmail into a more minimalist design to provide a more consistent look throughout Google products and services as part of an overall design change.[1] Another major redesign took place April 2018 which introduced new information rights management controls designed for business use cases.[2]

## Programming

[edit]

Gmail makes use of Ajax, employing browser features such as JavaScript, keyboard access keys and Web feed integration.[3]

## Organization

[edit]

### Advanced search

[edit]

Gmail allows users to conduct advanced searches using either the Advanced Search interface or through search operators in the search box. Emails can be searched by their text; by their ‘From’, ‘To’ and ‘Subject’ fields, by their location, date and size; by associated labels, categories and circles, by whether or not the message is read, and by whether or not the message has an attachment. There are also a large number of advanced search operators.[4] By default, Gmail combines search terms with an invisible "AND". Gmail allows the use of Boolean operators such as "OR" for finding messages that match at least one of the more search terms.[5]

### Filters

[edit]

Gmail allows users to create rules (‘filters’) for the automatic organization of incoming mail. Filters are created using the Advanced Search interface using the same criteria as those used for searching. Gmail can perform any combination of the following actions upon an email that meets all the specified criteria in a filter:[6]

* archiving (i.e. removing the message from the Inbox)
* adding a star
* marking as read
* marking as important
* applying a label
* moving to the bin
* forwarding to another e-mail address

### Labels

[edit]

Labels provide a flexible method of organizing emails since an email can have any number of labels (in contrast to a folder-based system in which an email can belong to only one folder). Labels are much like tags on a blog post. Labels can also do the work of folders if an email is moved to a label – this is the equivalent of applying a label to it as well as archiving it.[7] By default, labels appear on the message list and can be customized with a color. Users can also create sub-labels beneath a label to create a hierarchy or nested labels. Labels can be used as a search criterion and all emails having a particular label can be viewed together through the side menu.[8][9] Gmail has often received praise for replacing the limitations of hierarchical folders with the flexibility of labels.[citation needed]

### Archiving

[edit]

Gmail allows users to 'archive' emails. Archiving removes a conversation from the inbox and can be accessed via the 'All Mail' section. In Gmail, the 'All Mail' section displays all of a user's emails, excluding the ones in Spam and Bin. Technically, when a message is archived, the 'Inbox' label is removed from it. Archiving presents a better alternative to deleting as it helps to tidy up the inbox without deleting messages permanently. Archiving, however, is limited to message threads and individual messages cannot be archived.[10] Moreover, archiving is available only for the inbox, and messages in other places such as Sent Mail cannot be archived. However, according to About.com, this limitation can be overcome by accessing Gmail through IMAP.[11]

### Importance markers

[edit]

Marking of emails as important is more or less automatic. Users can ‘train’ Gmail in recognizing important messages by manually marking messages as important. Gmail takes into account a number of signals to determine whether a message is important or not. Messages from people who are emailed to or replied to a lot, and messages of the type that are always opened or were recently marked as important or starred, are likely to be marked as important automatically. Also, messages that are sent to a user directly and not through a mailing list, and messages containing certain keywords (password change, transaction details, shipment delivery, ticket confirmation, etc.) are marked as important. Messages of the type that were recently archived or deleted, or are rarely opened are less likely to be marked as important.[12] Important emails can be searched for using the operator “is:important”. Uninterested users have the option to turn off the entire feature.[12]

In September 2010, Google introduced the ‘priority inbox’ which makes use of important markers. Priority Inbox splits up the inbox into sections such as “Important and unread”, “Unread”, “Starred” and “Everything else” enabling a user to always see important items on the top. It is an opt-in feature.[13][14]

In a review for Lifehacker, Adam Pash writes that Gmail is only as good at recognizing important emails as any context-ignorant computer can be.[15] However, in another review for Lifehacker, Whitson Gordon calls Priority Inbox "one of Gmail’s most unsung features". He writes that Priority Inbox can be quite helpful as long as users give it a chance to learn from their habits.[16]

### Inbox tabs and category labels

[edit]

Beginning June 2013, Gmail allowed for the usage of tabs in the inbox for automatically categorizing emails by five general categories:[17][18]

* Primary (Person-to-person email conversations)
* Social (from social networks, online dating services and media-sharing sites)
* Promotions (solicitations, marketing and one-way mailing lists)
* Updates (confirmations, receipts, bills and updates)
* Forums (discussion threads from forum boards)

Users have the choice to hide one or more of the tabs or disable the entire feature.[17] These tabs also appear in Gmail's Android and iOS apps.[19]

Even if the use of tabs is switched off, all emails are sorted into one of the five categories, which can be used as automatic labels. Like labels, categories can be used as a search criterion and be made to appear as labels on the message list. All emails with a particular category can be seen together through the side menu.[17]

### Sorting

[edit]

Unlike other email web clients, Gmail does not permit users to see the size of an email message or to sort email (for example, alphabetically by subject).[citation needed]

## Conversation view

[edit]

Gmail recognizes messages related by subject and groups them into "conversations" where messages in a back-and-forth string get collected together and appear stacked one after another, with the newest messages at the top. Any duplicated text is automatically concealed.[20] The number of messages in a conversation always appears in parentheses next to the names of people in the conversation. A conversation will break off into a new thread if the subject line of a message is changed, or if the conversation reaches over 100 messages. Replied or forwarded messages from some local (like local Yahoo! Mail) accounts also split up conversations because their subjects contain parameters in the local language, instead of "Re" or "Fwd:".[21]

User response to conversation view was mixed. Due to reduced control over individual messages, many users were vocal in expressing their dissatisfaction.[22] On September 29, 2010, Google added the option of disabling conversation view in the Gmail web app. Google software engineer Doug Che explained: "We really hoped everyone would learn to love conversation view, but we came to realize that it's just not right for some people."[23] Conversation view is still enabled automatically in mobile apps, which remains a source of user frustration.[22]

## Contacts

[edit]

Gmail automatically saves contact details when forwarding e-mails to a previously unknown recipient. If the user changes, adds, or removes information near an e-mail such as the name while sending any e-mail, it also updates that in the contact list, unless the user is using basic HTML view, designed for people with slower internet connections or browsers that do not support AJAX. When a user starts typing in the To, CC or BCC fields it brings up a list with the relevant contacts, with their name and primary e-mail address. More information, including alternate email addresses, can be added on the Contacts page. These contacts can also be added to a group, which makes sending multiple e-mails to related contacts easier. Images can be added to contacts, which will appear whenever the mouse is over the contact's name.

Users can import contacts (in several different ways) from Microsoft Office Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird, Eudora, Hotmail, Yahoo! Mail, orkut, and any other contact list in a CSV-format file. Gmail also allows a user to export their contacts to CSV.[24]

Gmail allowed the importation of Google+ social media contacts while it wasn't discontinued[25]

## Composition

[edit]

A year after Gmail was announced, Google introduced Rich Text Formatting, which allows the font size, color and text-alignment to be customized, as well as the embedding of bullet points and numbered lists.[26]

Gmail also features Autosave — a system for avoiding loss of data in case of a browser crash or other error. During the composition of an e-mail, Gmail automatically saves a draft copy of the message and of any attachments. Although messages begin to be saved once a minute, saving times vary depending on the size of the message. Draft messages that are discarded are not recoverable.[27][28]

Gmail places the cursor above quoted text when replying, which encourages top-posting. Regardless of the formatting of received messages, Gmail's conversation view defaults to showing only unique content, in chronological order.

The 'Smart Compose' tool was introduced by Google in May 2018. It uses AI to guess what is going to be written, even before it is typed. It bases some of this on the recipient and email's subject, as well as the user's past writing habits. For example, if the subject reads, "Dinner plans", then Smart Compose will take that into account as the user begins typing and it suggests normal wording for arranging a meal.[29] Smart Compose helps save time by cutting back on repetitive writing, while reducing the chance of spelling and grammatical errors.[30]

## Attachments

[edit]

Individual Gmail messages including attachments may be up to 25 MB in size. However, users can send files of up to 15 GB in size through Google Drive. Effectively, the files are stored on Google Drive and only links to them are sent. This means that the recipients can access the file only if it is shared with them on Google Drive. Gmail notifies the user if the file being sent is not shared with the recipient and allows the user to modify the sharing settings before sending the file. The files can either be made accessible to anyone with the link, or shared privately with the email recipients. The latter does not work if the recipients do not have a Google account or if the email address receiving the message is not associated with Google.[31][32][33]

Starting in December 2014, files in Google Drive can also be sent from Gmail as attachments rather than links, thus providing recipients access to the files even if they are later deleted from the sender's Drive.[34] Starting in 2019, Google+ attachments cannot be added to Gmail anymore.

In Gmail, attachments in supported formats are previewed as thumbnails within the message itself and clicking on the thumbnail opens up a full-screen view of the image or document through which users can browse through multiple attachments.[35] Attachments can be downloaded to the hard disk or to a folder on Google Drive in case of image files.[36]

The Gmail interface supports drag and drop of attachments to and from the inbox. Users can add an attachment by dragging it into the mail window. Similarly an attachment can be downloaded by dragging the attachment from the message to the desktop.[37]

## Addresses

[edit]

Gmail supports plus-addressing of e-mails. Users can send messages to addresses in the format username+extratext@gmail.com, where extratext can be any string, and will arrive in the inbox of username@gmail.com. This allows users to sign up for different services with different aliases and then easily filter all e-mails from those services. In addition, if users receive spam messages directed to an e-mail address with the extra text, they will know what services have leaked out their e-mail address. However, some websites do not accept email addresses containing "+", even though the mail-address specification permits use of them.[38]

Additionally, Gmail does not recognize dots (periods) as characters within a username. Adding or removing dots from a Gmail address does not change the actual destination address. For instance, the account username@gmail.com receives mail sent to user.name@gmail.com or u.s.e.r.n.a.m.e@gmail.com, etc. Likewise, the account user.name@gmail.com receives mail sent to username@gmail.com. This too can help in setting up filters for incoming mail. It is also not necessary to include any of dots used during the creation of the account while signing in. However, this does not work in Google Apps for Your Domain. In Apps, each username variation must be entered as a nickname by the domain administrator.[39][40]

Gmail allows the user to add other email accounts to be used as optional sender addresses on outgoing email. The system carries out a verification process to confirm the user's ownership of each email address before it is added. "Plus-addresses" can also be added as sender addresses in a similar way. Any of the additional addresses can be set as the default address. Optionally, users can set a different "reply-to" address for each "send as" address.[41]

When using this feature, the address chosen will appear in the "From:" field of the message header. However, the SMTP envelope sender address will contain the name of the Gmail account used to send the message. Thus the underlying Gmail account address remains readily available: it will typically appear in a "Sender:" header field, or occasionally in the subject field. Some mail clients will write "From: Sender@gmail.com [mailto:Sender@gmail.com] On Behalf Of..." upon reply, making the situation very obvious.

Gmail does now allow users to specify a 3rd party SMTP server. Gmail can use this to send outgoing email for that particular account avoiding the masked account problem.[42]

## Information rights management

[edit]

The 2018 redesign introduced information rights management controls intended to give the sender the ability to "remove the option to forward, copy, download or print messages."[2] To achieve this, Google hosts the content of the message on their own servers and only includes a link to the hosted content within the main body of the email,[43] which (non-Gmail) users must click to open the message in their web browser. The feature is only effective against accidental copying, as the user can still take a screenshot[44] or override the print and copy protections entirely by using the developer tools in their web browser.[45]

## Confidential mode

[edit]

The 2018 redesign introduced a "confidential mode" that builds upon the information rights management features to allow the sender to later revoke the receiver's access to a message, or to automatically revoke the receiver's access after a prespecified time period (dubbed "self-destructing emails"[46][47] by the media).

## Mail fetcher

[edit]

In addition to adding extra email addresses, Gmail has a feature called "Mail Fetcher" that allows users to add up to five additional accounts to retrieve mail from via POP3. Once accounts are added, the program asks the user if they want to create a custom sender address automatically if they have not yet done so manually. This feature does not support retrieving mail from IMAP servers.[48]

## Product integration

[edit]

A chat window in Gmail

Google Talk, Google's service for instant messaging, can be accessed through a web-based interface on Gmail's site. The web-based interface is able to support voice and video calling and voice messages if the Google Talk client is running in the background. All messages are archived to the Chats mailbox in Gmail unless 'Off the Record' is enabled in Google Talk. If the fellow chatter suddenly has to go offline, any and all further messages sent will be delivered to that person via e-mail, including the entire conversation had previously. Another Google Talk integration feature is voicemail, where the message is sent to the recipient's Gmail inbox; as well as synchronizing contact pictures. On December 4, 2007, Google announced integration with AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), allowing Gmail users to log into their AIM accounts and send instant messages to and see the online status of AIM users.[49][50][51]

On November 11, 2008, Google announced video chat, which Gmail integrates into its web-based client. Windows XP, Vista or Intel-based Mac is required with a supported browser (IE, Firefox, Chrome, Safari 3+).[52]

Google Calendar offered Gmail integration soon after its announcement on April 13, 2006. Events can be added while writing a message that get stored on the main Calendar interface[clarification needed]. Recipients who use Gmail will then receive an invitation to the event, which they can accept or decline. Furthermore, Gmail attempts to recognize event dates and locations within e-mails, and gives users the option to add the event to a calendar, similar to Microsoft's Exchange Server.

Gmail offers further integration with some other Google products. The integration with Google Drive enables users to share large files of up to 15 GB in size stored on Drive through Gmail, and to save email attachments directly to Google Drive. Attachments in supported formats are previewed within the message.[35] Also, pictures can be sent directly from Picasa using a Gmail account.

Gmail also offered integration with its now-defunct social networking and messaging tool Google Buzz. With this feature, Gmail users could share links, photos, videos, status messages and comments organized in "conversations" and visible in the user's inbox.[53]

## Themes

[edit]

Selection of themes available for Gmail

Google started offering users a choice of themes on November 19, 2008 with 31 different themes, ranging from the original light blue color to designs with image backgrounds and transparencies.[54] Many of these themes are dynamic.[55] Gmail uses the location provided by the user to correctly time theme changes with the local sunrise, sunset, or weather.[56]

In June 2012, Gmail introduced custom themes, enabling users to set their own backgrounds. Users can either choose from a large number of 'featured' images, upload an image from the computer or phone, or add an image by URL.[57][58] On April 2, 2014, Gmail added the ability to share custom themes via email or Google+, or through a public link.[59]

## Criticisms

[edit]

See also: Gmail § Criticism, and Criticism of Google

The conversation view groups related messages in a linear stack which a user can expand and collapse. Labelling (tagging) is limited to message threads.[60]

Some users can experience difficulties when submitting e-mail addresses from the Gmail address book to the addressee line on the compose e-mail window. The "Autocomplete" feature can cause problems and does not work under all browsers or operating systems. However, it is possible to open the composed message in a new window so the address book can be opened, or another instance of Gmail can be opened in another window to access the address book. Gmail's current documented help on this issue states: "While Gmail doesn't currently support the functionality to open your Contacts list while composing a message, we're testing many new features to improve our service."[61]

Although Gmail's advertisements have received praise for not obtruding, they can take up more space than Flash-based banners when up to six "sponsored links" appear next to an email. Additionally, when activated, opening emails makes the Web Clips RSS-feed bar display another sponsored link. Often the number of advertisements displayed in the Web Clips bar outnumbers the number of RSS feeds the user has requested. However, when a Gmail message is sent to another email address of a different provider, there will be no advertisements in the message unlike most other webmail providers.[62]

When a Gmail mailbox reaches capacity, users can search for emails by size in order to delete the largest ones first.[63] The web interface can help in this situation by searching for emails with attachments, but it does not indicate the sizes of those attachments.[citation needed]

## See also

[edit]

* Gmail
* History of Gmail
* Comparison of webmail providers
* List of Google products
* Mailplane Gmail client for Mac OS X

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "About Gmail's new look". Archived from the original on May 3, 2014. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
2. ^ a b "With new security and intelligent features, the new Gmail means business". April 25, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
3. ^ Wei, Coach K. (August 11, 2005). "AJAX: Asynchronous Java + XML?". www.developer.com. Retrieved November 13, 2008. "In fact, the developer community was jazzed about the technical approach that Google used. In February 2005, AdapativePath's Jesse James Garrett coined the phrase "AJAX" as "Asynchronous JavaScript + XML" to describe this approach."
4. ^ "Advanced search". Gmail Help. Google Inc. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
5. ^ Tschabitscher, Heinz. "How to Search Mail in Gmail". About.com. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
6. ^ "Using filters". Gmail Help. Google Inc. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
7. ^ Rosen, Rich. "Gmail's Labels Now More Like Folders: A Good Thing?". Oreilly. Retrieved April 12, 2014. "The recent addition of a "Move to..." button foreshadowed Gmail's new attitude towards label functionality. A message could be now "moved" into a "folder" in one step, even though under the hood the message was being archived (removing it from the inbox) and a label was being applied to it."
8. ^ Matteson, Scott. "Use labels in Gmail for better e-mail management". TechRepublic. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
9. ^ "Using labels". Gmail Help. Google Inc. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
10. ^ "Archive messages". Gmail Help. Google Inc. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
11. ^ "How to Delete an Email from Gmail "Sent Mail" But Keep a Copy in "All Mail"". About.com. Archived from the original on July 11, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
12. ^ a b "Importance ranking and markers". Gmail Help. Google Inc. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
13. ^ "Email overload? Try Priority Inbox". Official Gmail Blog. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
14. ^ "Priority Inbox". Gmail Help. Google Inc. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
15. ^ Pash, Adam (January 5, 2012). "Turn Off Importance Markers in Gmail if You're Not Using Priority Inbox". Lifehacker. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
16. ^ Gordon, Whitson (March 27, 2013). "Gmail's Priority Inbox Is Awesome. Just Give It a Chance". Lifehacker. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
17. ^ a b c "Inbox tabs and category labels". Gmail Help. Google Inc. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
18. ^ Elliot, Amy-Mae (July 23, 2013). "How to Use Tabs in Gmail". Mashable. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
19. ^ "A new inbox that puts you back in control". Official Gmail Blog. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
20. ^ "How Gmail happened: The Inside Story of Its Launch 10 Years Ago". Time. April 2014. Retrieved June 7, 2014. "One of its flagship features ended up being that the messages in your inbox weren’t strictly sequential. Instead, with the aim of making it easier to follow discussion threads, all the messages in a given back-and-forth string were collected into a cluster called a conversation, with any duplicated text automatically concealed."
21. ^ Google (2008). "Conversations". Retrieved November 23, 2008. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
22. ^ a b "LevenTech Bug Report: Gmail Conversation View". October 2014. Archived from the original on October 11, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
23. ^ Associated Press (September 2010). "Google revamps Gmail controls". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
24. ^ "How Do I Export Contacts?". Gmail. July 2, 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2008. "You can quickly export your Gmail Contacts list into a CSV file."
25. ^ "14 Killer Gmail Features to Make Use of Now". Business Envato Tuts+. December 28, 2016.
26. ^ Google (2008). "Rich text formatting isn't working". Archived from the original on September 7, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2008. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
27. ^ Google (2008). "Saving drafts". Retrieved November 23, 2008. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
28. ^ "Google Gmail Learns New Tricks - InformationWeek". www.informationweek.com. October 30, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
29. ^ "How to enable Gmail's Smart Compose feature". CNET.
30. ^ "SUBJECT: Write emails faster with Smart Compose in Gmail". Google. May 8, 2018.
31. ^ "Sharing settings for files inserted from Google Drive". Gmail Help. Google Inc. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
32. ^ "Insert files using Google Drive in Gmail". Gmail Help. Google Inc. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
33. ^ Emil Protalinski (November 27, 2012). "Gmail now lets you insert up to 10GB of Google Drive files directly into an email". The Next Web.
34. ^ Napier Lopez (December 16, 2014). "You can now send files from Google Drive as Gmail attachments instead of links". The Next Web.
35. ^ a b Warren, Christina (November 12, 2013). "Gmail Now Lets You Save Attachments Directly to Google Drive". Mashable. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
36. ^ "Attachments in Gmail, now with the power of Google Drive". Official Google Blog. November 12, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
37. ^ Drag and drop attachments to save them to your desktop
38. ^ Jamus.co.nz (February 2009). "Finding out who has been disclosing your Gmail e-mail address". Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
39. ^ "Am I receiving someone else's email?". May 4, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2008. "Because Gmail doesn't recognize dots as characters within usernames, adding or removing dots from a Gmail address won't change the actual destination address."
40. ^ "What characters can I use in usernames, passwords, and first and last names?". Retrieved June 1, 2008.
41. ^ "Adding a custom 'From:' address". January 29, 2008. Retrieved February 18, 2008. "Gmail's custom 'From:' feature lets you send messages with another address in place of your Gmail address, making it easier to manage multiple accounts from the Gmail interface."
42. ^ "Adding a custom 'From' address". Retrieved February 8, 2010.
43. ^ "Watch out for Gmail's new Confidential Mode". Computerworld. 2018.
44. ^ "Gmail's new design will include a 'Confidential Mode'". 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
45. ^ Doctorow, Cory (2018). "Google DRM for Email can be disabled by ticking a few boxes in Firefox". Boing Boing. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
46. ^ "The new Gmail sends self-destructing emails — and nudges you to reply to mom". The Washington Post. 2018.
47. ^ "Google's Gmail gets self-destruct option ahead of GDPR". BBC. 2018.
48. ^ Google (2008). "Mail Fetcher". Retrieved November 22, 2008. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
49. ^ "Gmail chat and Google Talk differences". Gmail Help Center. November 29, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2008. "If you're signed in to the Google Talk application in the background, your Gmail account will also allow you to make free voice calls from your friends' profile cards."
50. ^ Davidson, Michael (December 4, 2007). "Gmail + chat + AIM = crazy delicious". Official Gmail Blog. Retrieved June 1, 2008. "Today we are happy to tell you about a new feature we've started to roll out which will enable you to sign into your AIM account and chat with your AIM buddies right inside Gmail."
51. ^ Gross, Grant (December 4, 2007). "Google integrates AIM into Gmail". Macworld. IDG News Service. Retrieved December 4, 2007.
52. ^ Uberti, Justin (November 11, 2008). "Say hello to Gmail voice and video chat". Official Gmail Blog. Retrieved November 13, 2008. "That's why today we're launching voice and video chat -- right inside Gmail. We've tried to make this an easy-to-use, seamless experience, with high-quality audio and video -- all for free. All you have to do is download and install the voice and video plugin and we take care of the rest."
53. ^ Live From Google's February Event: Google Gets Twittery
54. ^ "Official Gmail Blog: Spice up your inbox with colors and themes". Retrieved November 19, 2008.
55. ^ "Amazing Features of www.Gmail.com". Techycat.com. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
56. ^ "Gmail Themes". Gmail Help. Google Inc. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
57. ^ "Custom themes in Gmail". Official Gmail Blog. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
58. ^ Rhee, Ed. "How to create custom themes in Gmail". CNET. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
59. ^ "Gmail Shelfies are so yesterday. Share your custom theme instead". Official Gmail Blog. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
60. ^ Google (2008). "Conversations". Retrieved January 30, 2009. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
61. ^ Google (2008). "Selecting contacts while composing". Archived from the original on May 23, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2008. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
62. ^ O'Reilly, Tim (April 2004). "The Fuss About Gmail and Privacy: Nine Reasons Why It's Bogus". Retrieved November 24, 2008.
63. ^ Gmail (2013). "Advanced search - Gmail Help". Google Inc. Retrieved October 12, 2013.

## External links

[edit]

Gmail at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Definitions from Wiktionary
* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Texts from Wikisource
* Textbooks from Wikibooks
* Resources from Wikiversity

* Gmail

* v
* t
* e

Google

a subsidiary of Alphabet

Company

| Divisions|

* AI
* Area 120
* ATAP
* Brain
* China
* Cloud Platform
* Energy
* Google.org
* Crisis Response
* Health
* Registry

|

Subsidiaries|

| Active|

* Chronicle Security
* DeepMind
* Fitbit
* ITA Software
* Jigsaw
* Looker
* Mandiant
* Owlchemy Labs

|

Defunct|

* Actifio
* Adscape
* Akwan Information Technologies
* Anvato
* Apigee
* BandPage
* Bitium
* BufferBox
* Crashlytics
* Dodgeball
* DoubleClick
* Dropcam
* Endoxon
* Flutter
* Global IP Solutions
* Green Throttle Games
* GreenBorder
* Gridcentric
* ImageAmerica
* Impermium
* Invite Media
* Kaltix
* Marratech
* Meebo
* Metaweb
* Neotonic Software
* Neverware
* Nik Software
* Orbitera
* Pyra Labs
* Quest Visual
* Reqwireless
* RightsFlow
* Sidewalk Labs
* SlickLogin
* Titan Aerospace
* Typhoon Studios
* Urban Engines
* Vicarious
* Viewdle
* Wavii
* Wildfire Interactive
* YouTube Next Lab and Audience Development Group

Programs|

* Business Groups
* Computing University Initiative
* Contact Lens
* Content ID
* CrossCheck
* Data Liberation Front
* Data Transfer Project
* Developer Expert
* DigiKavach
* DigiPivot
* Digital Garage
* Digital News Initiative
* Digital Unlocked
* Dragonfly
* Founders' Award
* Free Zone
* Get Your Business Online
* Google for Education
* Google for Startups
* Living Stories
* Made with Code
* News Lab
* PowerMeter
* Privacy Sandbox
* Project Nightingale
* Project Nimbus
* Project Sunroof
* Project Zero
* Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab
* RechargeIT
* Sensorvault
* Silicon Initiative
* Solve for X
* Street View Trusted
* Student Ambassador Program
* Vevo
* YouTube BrandConnect
* YouTube Creator Awards
* YouTube Select
* YouTube Original Channel Initiative
* Year in Search
* YouTube Rewind
* 2018
* 2019

Events|

* AlphaGo versus Fan Hui
* AlphaGo versus Lee Sedol
* AlphaGo versus Ke Jie
* Android Developer Challenge
* Android Developer Day
* Android Developer Lab
* CNN/YouTube presidential debates
* Code-in
* Code Jam
* Developer Day
* Developers Live
* Doodle4Google
* Future of Go Summit
* G-Day
* Hash Code
* I/O
* Lunar X Prize
* Mapathon
* Science Fair
* Summer of Code
* Talks at Google
* World Chess Championship 2024
* YouTube Awards
* YouTube Comedy Week
* YouTube Live
* YouTube Music Awards
* 2013
* 2015
* YouTube Space Lab
* YouTube Symphony Orchestra

Infrastructure|

* 111 Eighth Avenue
* Android lawn statues
* Androidland
* Barges
* Binoculars Building
* Central Saint Giles
* Chelsea Market
* Chrome Zone
* Data centers
* GeoEye-1
* Googleplex
* Ivanpah Solar Power Facility
* James R. Thompson Center
* King's Cross
* Mayfield Mall
* Pier 57
* Sidewalk Toronto
* St. John's Terminal
* Submarine cables
* Dunant
* Grace Hopper
* Unity
* WiFi
* YouTube Space
* YouTube Theater

People|

| Current|

* Krishna Bharat
* Vint Cerf
* Jeff Dean
* John Doerr
* Sanjay Ghemawat
* Al Gore
* John L. Hennessy
* Urs Hölzle
* Salar Kamangar
* Ray Kurzweil
* Ann Mather
* Alan Mulally
* Rick Osterloh
* Sundar Pichai (CEO)
* Ruth Porat (CFO)
* Rajen Sheth
* Hal Varian
* Neal Mohan

|

Former|

* Andy Bechtolsheim
* Sergey Brin (co-founder)
* David Cheriton
* Matt Cutts
* David Drummond
* Alan Eustace
* Timnit Gebru
* Omid Kordestani
* Paul Otellini
* Larry Page (co-founder)
* Patrick Pichette
* Eric Schmidt
* Ram Shriram
* Amit Singhal
* Shirley M. Tilghman
* Rachel Whetstone
* Susan Wojcicki

Criticism|

| General|

* Censorship
* DeGoogle
* FairSearch
* "Google's Ideological Echo Chamber"
* No Tech for Apartheid
* Privacy concerns
* Street View
* YouTube
* Worker organization
* Alphabet Workers Union
* YouTube copyright issues

|

Incidents|

* Backdoor advertisement controversy
* Blocking of YouTube videos in Germany
* Data breach
* Elsagate
* Fantastic Adventures scandal
* Kohistan video case
* Reactions to Innocence of Muslims
* San Francisco tech bus protests
* Services outages
* Slovenian government incident
* Walkouts
* YouTube headquarters shooting

Other|

* Android apps
* April Fools' Day jokes
* Doodles
* Doodle Champion Island Games
* Magic Cat Academy
* Easter eggs
* History
* Gmail
* Search
* YouTube
* Logo
* Material Design
* Mergers and acquisitions

Development

| Software|

| A–C|

* Accelerated Linear Algebra
* AMP
* Actions on Google
* ALTS
* American Fuzzy Lop
* Android Cloud to Device Messaging
* Android Debug Bridge
* Android NDK
* Android Runtime
* Android SDK
* Android Studio
* Angular
* AngularJS
* Apache Beam
* APIs
* App Engine
* App Inventor
* App Maker
* App Runtime for Chrome
* AppJet
* Apps Script
* AppSheet
* ARCore
* Base
* Bazel
* BeyondCorp
* Bigtable
* BigQuery
* Bionic
* Blockly
* Borg
* Caja
* Cameyo
* Chart API
* Charts
* Chrome Frame
* Chromium
* Blink
* Closure Tools
* Cloud Connect
* Cloud Dataflow
* Cloud Datastore
* Cloud Messaging
* Cloud Shell
* Cloud Storage
* Code Search
* Compute Engine
* Cpplint

|

D–N|

* Dalvik
* Data Protocol
* Dialogflow
* Exposure Notification
* Fast Pair
* Fastboot
* Federated Learning of Cohorts
* File System
* Firebase
* Firebase Cloud Messaging
* FlatBuffers
* Flutter
* Freebase
* Gadgets
* Ganeti
* Gears
* Gerrit
* GLOP
* gRPC
* Gson
* Guava
* Guetzli
* Guice
* gVisor
* GYP
* JAX
* Jetpack Compose
* Keyhole Markup Language
* Kubernetes
* Kythe
* LevelDB
* Lighthouse
* Looker Studio
* lmctfy
* MapReduce
* Mashup Editor
* Matter
* Mobile Services
* Namebench
* Native Client
* Neatx
* Neural Machine Translation
* Nomulus

O–Z|

* Open Location Code
* OpenRefine
* OpenSocial
* Optimize
* OR-Tools
* Pack
* PageSpeed
* Piper
* Plugin for Eclipse
* Polymer
* Programmable Search Engine
* Project IDX
* Project Shield
* Public DNS
* reCAPTCHA
* RenderScript
* SafetyNet
* SageTV
* Schema.org
* Search Console
* Shell
* Sitemaps
* Skia Graphics Engine
* Spanner
* Sputnik
* Stackdriver
* Swiffy
* Tango
* TensorFlow
* Tesseract
* Test
* Translator Toolkit
* Urchin
* UTM parameters
* V8
* VirusTotal
* VisBug
* Wave Federation Protocol
* Weave
* Web Accelerator
* Web Designer
* Web Server
* Web Toolkit
* Webdriver Torso
* WebRTC

Operating systems|

* Android
* Cupcake
* Donut
* Eclair
* Froyo
* Gingerbread
* Honeycomb
* Ice Cream Sandwich
* Jelly Bean
* KitKat
* Lollipop
* Marshmallow
* Nougat
* Oreo
* Pie
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15
* 16
* version history
* smartphones
* Android Automotive
* Android Go
* devices
* Android Things
* Android TV
* devices
* Android XR
* ChromeOS
* ChromiumOS
* Fuchsia
* Glass OS
* gLinux
* Goobuntu
* TV
* Wear OS

Language models|

* BERT
* Chinchilla
* DreamBooth
* Gemini
* LaMDA
* PaLM
* T5
* VideoPoet
* XLNet

Neural networks|

* EfficientNet
* Gato
* Inception
* MobileNet
* Transformer
* WaveNet

Computer programs|

* AlphaDev
* AlphaFold
* AlphaGeometry
* AlphaGo
* AlphaGo Zero
* AlphaStar
* AlphaZero
* Master
* MuZero

Formats and codecs|

* AAB
* APK
* AV1
* iLBC
* iSAC
* libvpx
* Lyra
* Protocol Buffers
* VP3
* VP6
* VP8
* VP9
* WebM
* WebP
* WOFF2

Programming languages|

* Carbon
* Dart
* Go
* Sawzall

Search algorithms|

* Googlebot
* Hummingbird
* Mobilegeddon
* PageRank
* matrix
* Panda
* Penguin
* Pigeon
* RankBrain

Domain names|

* .app
* .dev
* .google
* .zip
* g.co
* google.by

Typefaces|

* Croscore
* Noto
* Product Sans
* Roboto

Software

| A|

* Aardvark
* Account
* Dashboard
* Takeout
* Ad Manager
* AdMob
* Ads
* AdSense
* Affiliate Network
* Alerts
* Allo
* Analytics
* Android Auto
* Android Beam
* Answers
* Apture
* Arts & Culture
* Assistant
* Attribution
* Authenticator

|

* BebaPay
* BeatThatQuote.com
* Blog Search
* Blogger
* Body
* Bookmarks
* Books
* Ngram Viewer
* Browser Sync
* Building Maker
* Bump
* BumpTop
* Buzz

* Calendar
* Cast
* Catalogs
* Chat
* Checkout
* Chrome
* Chrome Apps
* Chrome Experiments
* Chrome Remote Desktop
* Chrome Web Store
* Classroom
* Cloud Print
* Cloud Search
* Contacts
* Contributor
* Crowdsource
* Currents (social app)
* Currents (news app)

* Data Commons
* Dataset Search
* Desktop
* Dictionary
* Digital Wellbeing
* Dinosaur Game
* Directory
* Docs
* Docs Editors
* Domains
* Drawings
* Drive
* Duo

* Earth
* Etherpad
* Expeditions
* Express

* Family Link
* Fast Flip
* FeedBurner
* fflick
* Fi Wireless
* Finance
* Files
* Find My Device
* Fit
* Flights
* Flu Trends
* Fonts
* Forms
* Friend Connect
* Fusion Tables

* Gboard
* Gemini
* Gesture Search
* Gizmo5
* Google+
* Gmail
* Goggles
* GOOG-411
* Grasshopper
* Groups

* Hangouts
* Helpouts

* iGoogle
* Images
* Image Labeler
* Image Swirl
* Inbox by Gmail
* Input Tools
* Japanese Input
* Pinyin
* Insights for Search

* Jaiku
* Jamboard

* Kaggle
* Keep
* Knol

* Labs
* Latitude
* Lens
* Like.com
* Live Transcribe
* Lively

* Map Maker
* Maps
* Maps Navigation
* Marketing Platform
* Meet
* Messages
* Moderator
* My Tracks

* Nearby Share
* News
* News & Weather
* News Archive
* Notebook
* NotebookLM
* Now

* Offers
* One
* One Pass
* Opinion Rewards
* Orkut
* Oyster

* Panoramio
* PaperofRecord.com
* Patents
* Page Creator
* Pay (mobile app)
* Pay (payment method)
* Pay Send
* People Cards
* Person Finder
* Personalized Search
* Photomath
* Photos
* Picasa
* Picasa Web Albums
* Picnik
* Pixel Camera
* Play
* Play Books
* Play Games
* Play Music
* Play Newsstand
* Play Pass
* Play Services
* Podcasts
* Poly
* Postini
* PostRank
* Primer
* Project Starline
* Public Alerts
* Public Data Explorer

* Question Hub
* Questions and Answers
* Quick, Draw!
* Quick Search Box
* Quick Share
* Quickoffice

* Read Along
* Reader
* Reply

* Safe Browsing
* SageTV
* Santa Tracker
* Schemer
* Scholar
* Search
* Knowledge Graph
* SafeSearch
* Searchwiki
* Sheets
* Shoploop
* Shopping
* Sidewiki
* Sites
* Slides
* Snapseed
* Socratic
* Softcard
* Songza
* Sound Amplifier
* Spaces
* Sparrow (chatbot)
* Sparrow (email client)
* Speech Recognition & Synthesis
* Squared
* Stadia
* Station
* Store
* Street View
* Surveys
* Sync

* Tables
* Talk
* TalkBack
* Tasks
* Tenor
* Tez
* Tilt Brush
* Toolbar
* Toontastic 3D
* Translate
* Travel
* Trendalyzer
* Trends
* TV

* URL Shortener

* Video
* Vids
* Voice
* Voice Access
* Voice Search

* Wallet
* Wave
* Waze
* WDYL
* Web Light
* Where Is My Train
* Widevine
* Word Lens
* Workspace
* Workspace Marketplace

* YouTube
* YouTube Kids
* YouTube Music
* YouTube Premium
* YouTube Shorts
* YouTube Studio
* YouTube TV
* YouTube VR

Hardware

| Pixel|

| Smartphones|

* Pixel (2016)
* Pixel 2 (2017)
* Pixel 3 (2018)
* Pixel 3a (2019)
* Pixel 4 (2019)
* Pixel 4a (2020)
* Pixel 5 (2020)
* Pixel 5a (2021)
* Pixel 6 (2021)
* Pixel 6a (2022)
* Pixel 7 (2022)
* Pixel 7a (2023)
* Pixel Fold (2023)
* Pixel 8 (2023)
* Pixel 8a (2024)
* Pixel 9 (2024)
* Pixel 9 Pro Fold (2024)

|

Smartwatches|

* Pixel Watch (2022)
* Pixel Watch 2 (2023)
* Pixel Watch 3 (2024)

Tablets|

* Pixel C (2015)
* Pixel Slate (2018)
* Pixel Tablet (2023)

Laptops|

* Chromebook Pixel (2013–2015)
* Pixelbook (2017)
* Pixelbook Go (2019)

Other|

* Pixel Buds (2017–present)

Nexus|

| Smartphones|

* Nexus One (2010)
* Nexus S (2010)
* Galaxy Nexus (2011)
* Nexus 4 (2012)
* Nexus 5 (2013)
* Nexus 6 (2014)
* Nexus 5X (2015)
* Nexus 6P (2015)

|

Tablets|

* Nexus 7 (2012)
* Nexus 10 (2012)
* Nexus 7 (2013)
* Nexus 9 (2014)

Other|

* Nexus Q (2012)
* Nexus Player (2014)

Other|

* Android Dev Phone
* Android One
* Cardboard
* Chromebit
* Chromebook
* Chromebox
* Chromecast
* Clips
* Daydream
* Fitbit
* Glass
* Liftware
* Liquid Galaxy
* Nest
* smart speakers
* Thermostat
* Wifi
* Play Edition
* Project Ara
* OnHub
* Pixel Visual Core
* Project Iris
* Search Appliance
* Sycamore processor
* Tensor
* Tensor Processing Unit
* Titan Security Key

* v
* t
* e

Litigation

Advertising|

* Feldman v. Google, Inc. (2007)
* Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc. (2009)
* Goddard v. Google, Inc. (2009)
* Rosetta Stone Ltd. v. Google, Inc. (2012)
* Google, Inc. v. American Blind & Wallpaper Factory, Inc. (2017)
* Jedi Blue

Antitrust|

* European Union (2010–present)
* United States v. Adobe Systems, Inc., Apple Inc., Google Inc., Intel Corporation, Intuit, Inc., and Pixar (2011)
* Umar Javeed, Sukarma Thapar, Aaqib Javeed vs. Google LLC and Ors. (2019)
* United States v. Google LLC (2020)
* United States v. Google LLC (2023)

Intellectual property|

* Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc. (2007)
* Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc. (2010)
* Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.(2015)
* Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc. (2015)
* Field v. Google, Inc. (2016)
* Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. (2021)
* Smartphone patent wars

Privacy|

* Rocky Mountain Bank v. Google, Inc. (2009)
* Hibnick v. Google, Inc. (2010)
* United States v. Google Inc. (2012)
* Judgement of the German Federal Court of Justice on Google's autocomplete function (2013)
* Joffe v. Google, Inc. (2013)
* Mosley v SARL Google (2013)
* Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González (2014)
* Frank v. Gaos (2019)

Other|

* Garcia v. Google, Inc. (2015)
* Google LLC v Defteros (2020)
* Epic Games v. Google (2021)
* Gonzalez v. Google LLC (2022)

Related

| Concepts|

* Beauty YouTuber
* BookTube
* BreadTube
* "Don't be evil"
* Gayglers
* Google as a verb
* Google bombing
* 2004 U.S. presidential election
* Google effect
* Googlefight
* Google hacking
* Googleshare
* Google tax
* Googlewhack
* Googlization
* Illegal flower tribute
* Objectives and key results
* Rooting
* Search engine manipulation effect
* Side project time
* Sitelink
* Site reliability engineering
* StudyTube
* VTuber
* YouTube poop
* YouTuber
* list

|

Products|

| Android|

* Booting process
* Custom distributions
* Features
* Recovery mode
* Software development

|

Street View coverage|

* Africa
* Antarctica
* Asia
* Israel
* Europe
* North America
* Canada
* United States
* Oceania
* South America
* Argentina
* Chile
* Colombia

YouTube|

* Copyright strike
* Education
* Features
* Moderation
* Most-disliked videos
* Most-liked videos
* Most-subscribed channels
* Most-viewed channels
* Most-viewed videos
* Arabic music videos
* Chinese music videos
* French music videos
* Indian videos
* Pakistani videos
* Official channel
* Social impact
* Suspensions
* YouTube Premium original programming

Other|

* Gmail interface
* Maps pin
* Most downloaded Google Play applications
* Stadia games

Documentaries|

* AlphaGo
* Google: Behind the Screen
* Google Maps Road Trip
* Google and the World Brain
* The Creepy Line

Books|

* Google Hacks
* The Google Story
* Google Volume One
* Googled: The End of the World as We Know It
* How Google Works
* I'm Feeling Lucky
* In the Plex
* The Google Book
* The MANIAC

Popular culture|

* Google Feud
* Google Me (film)
* "Google Me" (Kim Zolciak song)
* "Google Me" (Teyana Taylor song)
* Is Google Making Us Stupid?
* Proceratium google
* Matt Nathanson: Live at Google
* The Billion Dollar Code
* The Internship
* Where on Google Earth is Carmen Sandiego?

Other|

* "Attention Is All You Need"
* elgooG
* Generative pre-trained transformer
* "Me at the zoo"
* Predictions of the end
* Relationship with Wikipedia
* "Reunion"
* Robot Constitution

Italics denote discontinued products.

* Category
* Outline

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template