God Created the Integers

2005 anthology by Stephen Hawking

God Created the Integers

Cover of the first edition

Author| Stephen Hawking
Language| English
Subject| Mathematics
Publisher| Running Press

Publication date

| 2005 (first edition)
2007 (second edition)
Media type| Print
Pages| 1176
ISBN| 9780762419227 (first edition)
9780762430048 (second edition)
Preceded by| A Briefer History of Time
Followed by| The Grand Design

God Created the Integers: The Mathematical Breakthroughs That Changed History is a 2005 anthology, edited by Stephen Hawking, of "excerpts from thirty-one of the most important works in the history of mathematics."[1]

Each chapter of the work focuses on a different mathematician and begins with a biographical overview. Within each chapter, Hawking examines the mathematician’s key discoveries, presents formal proofs of significant results, and explains their impact on the development of the mathematical field.

The title of the book is a reference to a quotation attributed to mathematician Leopold Kronecker, who once wrote that "God made the integers; all else is the work of man."[2]

## Content

[edit]

The works are grouped by author and ordered chronologically. Each section is prefaced by notes on the mathematician's life and work. The anthology includes works by the following mathematicians:

* Euclid
* Archimedes
* Diophantus
* René Descartes
* Isaac Newton
* Leonhard Euler
* Pierre-Simon Laplace
* Joseph Fourier
* Carl Friedrich Gauss
* Augustin-Louis Cauchy
* Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky
* János Bolyai
* Évariste Galois
* George Boole
* Bernhard Riemann
* Karl Weierstrass
* Richard Dedekind
* Georg Cantor
* Henri Lebesgue
* Kurt Gödel
* Alan Turing

Selections from the works of Euler, Bolyai, Lobachevsky and Galois, which are included in the second edition of the book (published in 2007), were not included in the first edition.

## Editions

[edit]

* Hawking, Stephen (2005). God Created the Integers: The Mathematical Breakthroughs That Changed History. Running Press Book Publishers. pp. 1160 (Hardback). ISBN 0-7624-1922-9.
* Hawking, Stephen (2007). God Created the Integers: The Mathematical Breakthroughs That Changed History. Running Press Book Publishers. pp. 1358 (Paperback). ISBN 978-0-7624-3004-8.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Stephen Hawking, 2005. God Created the Integers. p. xi.
2. ^ Eric Temple Bell, 1986. Men of Mathematics, Simon and Schuster, New York. p. 477

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Stephen Hawking

Physics|

* Hawking radiation
* Black hole thermodynamics
* Micro black hole
* Chronology protection conjecture
* Gibbons–Hawking ansatz
* Gibbons–Hawking effect
* Gibbons–Hawking space
* Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term
* Hartle–Hawking state
* Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems
* Hawking energy

Books|

| Science|

* The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time (1973)
* A Brief History of Time (1988)
* Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays (1993)
* The Nature of Space and Time (1996)
* The Universe in a Nutshell (2001)
* On the Shoulders of Giants (2002)
* A Briefer History of Time (2005)
* God Created the Integers (2005)
* The Grand Design (2010)
* The Dreams That Stuff Is Made Of (2011)
* Brief Answers to the Big Questions (2018)
* On the Origin of Time (2023, posthume message)

|

Fiction|

* George's Secret Key to the Universe (2007)
* George's Cosmic Treasure Hunt (2009)
* George and the Big Bang (2011)
* George and the Unbreakable Code (2014)
* George and the Blue Moon (2016)
* Unlocking the Universe (2020)

Memoirs|

* My Brief History (2013)

Films|

* A Brief History of Time (1991)
* Hawking (2004)
* Hawking (2013)
* The Theory of Everything (2014)

Television|

* God, the Universe and Everything Else (1988)
* Stephen Hawking's Universe (1997 documentary)
* Stephen Hawking: Master of the Universe (2008 documentary)
* Genius of Britain (2010 series)
* Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking (2010 series)
* Brave New World with Stephen Hawking (2011 series)
* Genius by Stephen Hawking (2016 series)

Family|

* Jane Wilde Hawking (first wife)
* Lucy Hawking (daughter)

Other|

* In popular culture
* Namesakes
* Black hole information paradox
* Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet

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