Golden Lion

Highest prize awarded at the Venice Film Festival

This article is about the film award. For other uses, see Golden Lion (disambiguation).

Award

Golden Lion

Leone d'oro (Italian)
Location| Venice
Country| Italy
Presented by| Venice Film Festival
Formerly called| Golden Lion of Saint Mark (1949–1953)
First award| 1949
Currently held by| The Room Next Door (2024)
Website| labiennale.org/cinema

The Golden Lion (Italian: Leone d'oro) is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is regarded as one of the film industry's most prestigious and distinguished prizes.[1] In 1970, the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement was introduced, an honorary prize for people who have made an important contribution to cinema.

The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark (which was one of the best known symbols of the ancient Republic of Venice).[2] In 1954, the prize was permanently named the Golden Lion.

## History

[edit]

A Golden Lion trophy Roberto Rossellini and Mario Monicelli winning the Golden Lion in 1959 for General Della Rovere and The Great War, respectively

The first Golden Lion was awarded in 1949. Previously, the equivalent prize was the Gran Premio Internazionale di Venezia (Grand International Prize of Venice), awarded in 1947 and 1948. No Golden Lions were awarded between 1969 and 1979. According to the Biennale's official website, the hiatus was a result of the 1968 Lion being given to the radically experimental Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel: Ratlos; the website says that the awards "still had a statute dating back to the fascist era and could not side-step the general political climate. Sixty-eight produced a dramatic fracture with the past".[3] Fourteen French films have been awarded the Golden Lion, more than to any other nation. However, there is considerable geographical diversity in the winners. Eight American filmmakers have won the Golden Lion, with awards for John Cassavetes and Robert Altman (both times the awards were shared with other winners who tied), as well as Ang Lee (Brokeback Mountain was the first winning U.S. film not to tie), Darren Aronofsky, Sofia Coppola, Todd Phillips, Chloé Zhao, and Laura Poitras.

Although prior to 1980, only three of 21 winners were of non-European origin, since the 1980s, the Golden Lion has been presented to a number of Asian filmmakers, particularly in comparison to the Cannes Film Festival's top prize, the Palme d'Or, which has only been awarded to five Asian filmmakers since 1980. The Golden Lion, by contrast, has been awarded to ten Asians during the same time period, with two of these filmmakers winning it twice. Ang Lee won the Golden Lion twice within three years during the 2000s, once for an American film and once for a Chinese-language film. Zhang Yimou has also won twice. Other Asians to win the Golden Lion since 1980 include Jia Zhangke, Hou Hsiao-hsien, Tsai Ming-liang, Trần Anh Hùng, Takeshi Kitano, Kim Ki-duk, Jafar Panahi, Mira Nair, and Lav Diaz. Russian filmmakers have won the Golden Lion several times, including since the end of the USSR.

To date, 33 of the 54 winners were European men (including Soviet/Russian winners). Since 1949, only seven women have won the Golden Lion for directing: Margarethe von Trotta, Agnès Varda, Mira Nair, Sofia Coppola, Chloé Zhao, Audrey Diwan, and Laura Poitras (though in 1938, German director Leni Riefenstahl won the Festival when its highest award was the Coppa Mussolini). In 2019, Joker became the first movie based on original comic book characters to win the prize.[4]

### Controversies

[edit]

From 1934 until 1942, the highest award of the festival was the Coppa Mussolini for Best Italian Film and Best Foreign Film. Even though other awards were attributed to Nazi propaganda films, such as Jud Süß (Suss, the Jew), an antisemitic production made at the behest of Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, won the festival's Golden Crown[5][6] award in 1940.[7][8][9]

### Gran Premio Internazionale di Venezia

[edit]

After the end of the WWII during the reestablishment of the festival, The Southerner, directed by Jean Renoir, won the main prize at the 1946 edition. During 1947 and 1948 the equivalent prize for the Golden Lion was the Gran Premio Internazionale di Venezia (Grand International Prize of Venice), awarded to Karel Steklý's The Strike in 1947 and Laurence Olivier's Hamlet in 1948.

## Winners

[edit]

These films received the Golden Lions or the major awards of the Venice Film Festival:[10]

Akira Kurosawa won for Rashomon (1950) Carl Theodor Dreyer won for Ordet (1946) Satyajit Ray won for Aparajito (1957) Michelangelo Antonioni won for Red Desert (1964) Louis Malle won twice for Atlantic City (1980) and Au revoir les enfants (1987) John Cassavetes won for Gloria (1980) Jean-Luc Godard won for First Name: Carmen (1983) Agnès Varda won for Vagabond (1985) Zhang Yimou won twice for The Story of Qiu Ju (1992) and Not One Less (1999) Jafar Panahi won for The Circle (2000) Ang Lee won twice for Brokeback Mountain (2005) and Lust, Caution (2007) Jia Zhangke won for Still Life (2006) Sofia Coppola won for Somewhere (2010) Pedro Almodóvar won for The Room Next Door (2024)

### 1940s

[edit]

Year  | Title  | Director  | Production Country

|
|
|

1949 | Manon | Henri-Georges Clouzot | France

### 1950s

[edit]

Year  | English Title  | Original Title  | Director(s)  | Production Country

|
|
|
|

1950 | Justice Is Done | Justice est faite | André Cayatte | France
1951 | Rashomon | 羅生門 | Akira Kurosawa | Japan
1952 | Forbidden Games | Jeux interdits | René Clément | France
1953 | No award given, the jury was unable to decide the winner and the prize was declared void[11][12]
1954 | Romeo and Juliet | Renato Castellani | United Kingdom
1955 | Ordet | Carl Theodor Dreyer | Denmark
1956 | No award given, the jury was unable to decide the winner and the prize was declared void[13][a]
1957 | Aparajito | অপরাজিত  | Satyajit Ray | India
1958 | Rickshaw Man | 無法松の一生 | Hiroshi Inagaki | Japan
1959 | General Della Rovere | Il generale della Rovere | Roberto Rossellini | France, Italy
The Great War | La grande guerra | Mario Monicelli

### 1960s

[edit]

Year  | English Title  | Original Title  | Director(s)  | Production Country

|
|
|
|

1960 | Tomorrow Is My Turn | Le Passage du Rhin | André Cayatte  | France
1961 | Last Year at Marienbad | L'année dernière à Marienbad | Alain Resnais
1962 | Family Diary | Cronaca familiare | Valerio Zurlini | Italy
Ivan's Childhood | Ива́ново де́тство | Andrei Tarkovsky | Soviet Union
1963 | Hands over the City | Le mani sulla città | Francesco Rosi | Italy
1964 | Red Desert | Il deserto rosso | Michelangelo Antonioni
1965 | Sandra | Vaghe stelle dell'Orsa ... | Luchino Visconti
1966 | The Battle of Algiers | La battaglia di Algeri | Gillo Pontecorvo | Algeria, Italy
1967 | Belle de Jour | Luis Buñuel | France
1968 | Artists Under the Big Top: Perplexed | Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel: Ratlos | Alexander Kluge | West Germany
1969 | No award given, this edition of the festival was not competitive[14]

### 1970s

[edit]

Year  | English Title  | Original Title  | Director(s)  | Production Country  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|

1970 | No award given, the editions of the festival were not competitive  | [15]
1971
1972
1973  | No award given, the festival was not organized during these years[b] | [15]
1974
1975
1976
1977  | No award given, the festival was not organized this year[c]
1978  | No award given, the festival was not organized this year
1979 | No award given, this edition of the festival was not competitive  | [16]

### 1980s

[edit]

Year  | English Title  | Original Title  | Director(s)  | Production Country

|
|
|
|

1980 | Atlantic City | Louis Malle | Canada, France
Gloria | John Cassavetes | United States
1981 | Marianne and Juliane | Die Bleierne Zeit | Margarethe von Trotta | West Germany
1982 | The State of Things | Der Stand der Dinge | Wim Wenders
1983 | First Name: Carmen | Prénom Carmen | Jean-Luc Godard | France
1984 | A Year of the Quiet Sun | Rok spokojnego słońca | Krzysztof Zanussi | Poland
1985 | Vagabond | Sans toit ni loi | Agnès Varda | France
1986 | The Green Ray | Le Rayon vert | Éric Rohmer
1987 | Au revoir les enfants | Louis Malle | France, West Germany
1988 | The Legend of the Holy Drinker | La leggenda del santo bevitore | Ermanno Olmi | Italy, France
1989 | A City of Sadness | 悲情城市 | Hou Hsiao-hsien | Taiwan

### 1990s

[edit]

Year  | English Title  | Original Title  | Director(s)  | Production Country

|
|
|
|

1990 | Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead | Tom Stoppard | United Kingdom, United States
1991 | Close to Eden | У́рга – территория любви | Nikita Mikhalkov | Soviet Union
1992 | The Story of Qiu Ju | 秋菊打官司 | Zhang Yimou | China
1993 | Short Cuts | Robert Altman | United States
Three Colours: Blue | Trois couleurs: Bleu | Krzysztof Kieślowski | France, Poland
1994 | Before the Rain | Пред дождот | Milčo Mančevski | Macedonia
Vive L'Amour | 愛情萬歲 | Tsai Ming-liang | Taiwan
1995 | Cyclo | Xích lô | Anh Hung Tran | Vietnam, France
1996 | Michael Collins | Neil Jordan | Ireland, United Kingdom
1997 | Hana-bi | はなび | Takeshi Kitano | Japan
1998 | The Way We Laughed | Così ridevano | Gianni Amelio | Italy
1999 | Not One Less | 一個都不能少 | Zhang Yimou | China

### 2000s

[edit]

Year  | English Title  | Original Title  | Director(s)  | Production Country

|
|
|
|

2000 | The Circle | دایره | Jafar Panahi | Iran
2001 | Monsoon Wedding | Mira Nair | India
2002 | The Magdalene Sisters | Peter Mullan | Ireland, United Kingdom
2003 | The Return | Возвращение | Andrey Zvyagintsev | Russia
2004 | Vera Drake | Mike Leigh | United Kingdom
2005 | Brokeback Mountain | Ang Lee | United States
2006 | Still Life | 三峡好人 | Jia Zhangke | China
2007 | Lust, Caution | 色，戒 | Ang Lee | Taiwan, China, United States
2008 | The Wrestler | Darren Aronofsky | United States
2009 | Lebanon | לבנון  | Samuel Maoz | Israel

### 2010s

[edit]

Year  | English Title  | Original Title  | Director(s)  | Production Country

|
|
|
|

2010 | Somewhere §  | Sofia Coppola | United States
2011 | Faust § | Фауст  | Alexander Sokurov | Russia
2012 | Pietà | 피에타  | Kim Ki-duk | South Korea
2013 | Sacro GRA | Gianfranco Rosi | Italy
2014 | A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence | En duva satt på en gren och funderade på tillvaron | Roy Andersson | Sweden
2015 | From Afar | Desde allá | Lorenzo Vigas | Venezuela
2016 | The Woman Who Left | Ang Babaeng Humayo | Lav Diaz | Philippines
2017 | The Shape of Water | Guillermo del Toro | United States, Mexico
2018 | Roma | Alfonso Cuarón | Mexico, United States
2019 | Joker | Todd Phillips | United States

### 2020s

[edit]

Year  | English Title  | Original Title  | Director(s)  | Production Country

|
|
|
|

2020 | Nomadland | Chloé Zhao | United States
2021 | Happening §  | L'Événement | Audrey Diwan | France
2022 | All the Beauty and the Bloodshed | Laura Poitras | United States
2023 | Poor Things | Yorgos Lanthimos | Ireland, United Kingdom, United States
2024 | The Room Next Door | La habitación de al lado | Pedro Almodóvar | Spain

Notes
§ Denotes unanimous win

## Multiple winners

[edit]

Four directors have won the award twice:

* André Cayatte (1950 & 1960)
* Louis Malle (1980 & 1987)
* Zhang Yimou (1992 & 1999)
* Ang Lee (2005 & 2007)

## Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement

[edit]

Main article: Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement

Marcello Mastroianni receiving the prize in 1990 Steven Spielberg receiving the prize from Gillo Pontecorvo in 1993 Martin Scorsese receiving the prize from Monica Vitti, 1995 Omar Sharif receiving the prize in 2003 Year | Winner(s)

|

1970  | Orson Welles
1971  | Ingmar Bergman, Marcel Carné, and John Ford
1972  | Charlie Chaplin, Anatoli Golovnya and Billy Wilder
1982  | Alessandro Blasetti, Luis Buñuel, Frank Capra, George Cukor, Jean-Luc Godard, Sergei Yutkevich, Alexander Kluge, Akira Kurosawa, Michael Powell, Satyajit Ray, King Vidor, and Cesare Zavattini
1983  | Michelangelo Antonioni
1985  | Manoel de Oliveira, John Huston, and Federico Fellini
1986  | Paolo Taviani and Vittorio Taviani
1987  | Luigi Comencini and Joseph L. Mankiewicz
1988  | Joris Ivens
1989  | Robert Bresson
1990  | Marcello Mastroianni and Miklós Jancsó
1991  | Mario Monicelli and Gian Maria Volonté
1992  | Jeanne Moreau, Francis Ford Coppola, and Paolo Villaggio
1993  | Steven Spielberg, Robert De Niro, Roman Polanski, and Claudia Cardinale
1994  | Al Pacino, Suso Cecchi d'Amico, and Ken Loach
1995  | Woody Allen, Monica Vitti, Martin Scorsese, Alberto Sordi, Ennio Morricone, Giuseppe De Santis, Goffredo Lombardo, and Alain Resnais
1996  | Robert Altman, Vittorio Gassman, Dustin Hoffman, and Michèle Morgan
1997  | Gérard Depardieu, Stanley Kubrick, and Alida Valli
1998  | Warren Beatty, Sophia Loren, and Andrzej Wajda
1999  | Jerry Lewis
2000  | Clint Eastwood
2001  | Éric Rohmer
2002  | Dino Risi
2003  | Dino De Laurentiis and Omar Sharif
2004  | Stanley Donen and Manoel de Oliveira
2005  | Hayao Miyazaki and Stefania Sandrelli
2006  | David Lynch
2007  | Tim Burton and Bernardo Bertolucci (for the last 75 years of the history of cinema)
2008  | Ermanno Olmi
2009  | John Lasseter, Brad Bird, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton, and Lee Unkrich
2010  | John Woo
2011  | Marco Bellocchio
2012  | Francesco Rosi
2013  | William Friedkin
2014  | Thelma Schoonmaker and Frederick Wiseman
2015  | Bertrand Tavernier
2016  | Jean-Paul Belmondo and Jerzy Skolimowski
2017  | Jane Fonda and Robert Redford
2018  | David Cronenberg and Vanessa Redgrave
2019  | Julie Andrews and Pedro Almodóvar
2020  | Ann Hui and Tilda Swinton[17]
2021  | Roberto Benigni and Jamie Lee Curtis
2022  | Catherine Deneuve[18] and Paul Schrader[19]
2023  | Liliana Cavani and Tony Leung Chiu-wai[20][21]
2024  | Peter Weir and Sigourney Weaver[22][23]
2025  | Werner Herzog[24]

## See also

[edit]

* Film portal

* Leone d'Argento (Silver Lion)
* Palme d'Or, the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival
* Golden Bear, the highest prize awarded at the Berlin Film Festival

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ There was a tie between The Burmese Harp (ビルマの竪琴) by Kon Ichikawa (Japan) and Calle Mayor by Juan Antonio Bardem (Spain) and the international jury was unable to decide the winner, the prize was declared void
2. ^ Even though a cinema section within the Biennale was organized with "proposals for new films", tributes, retrospectives, conventions, and some screenings.
3. ^ Even though an event integrated into the Biennale project on "cultural dissent" focused on cinema in Eastern Europe took place.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "25 Must-See Films That Won the Venice Film Festival". IndieWire. 2018. Retrieved 2019-10-08.
2. ^ "Biennale Cinema History of the Venice Film Festival: The Forties and Fifties". La Biennale di Venezia. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
3. ^ "Biennale Cinema History of the Venice Film Festival: The Sixties and Seventies". La Biennale di Venezia. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
4. ^ Donaldson, Kayleigh (September 11, 2019). "Joker's Insane Venice Film Festival Win Explained". Screen Rant. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
5. ^ Friedländer, Saul (2009-10-06). The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939–1945. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-198000-8.
6. ^ Kahn, Lothar (1975). Insight and action : the life and work of Lion Feuchtwanger. Internet Archive. Rutherford, N.J. : Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-1314-6.
7. ^ Friedländer, Saul (2008). The years of extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945 (First Harper Perennial ed.). New York London Toronto Sydney New Delhi Auckland: Harper Perennial. p. 100\. ISBN 978-0-06-093048-6.
8. ^ Kahn, Lothar (1975). Insight and action: the life and work of Lion Feuchtwanger. Rutherford, N.J: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-0-8386-1314-6.
9. ^ Etlin, Richard A. (15 October 2002). Art, culture, and media under the Third Reich. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 143\. ISBN 978-0-226-22087-1. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
10. ^ "Golden Lions and major awards of the Venice Film Festival". labiennale.org. Archived from the original on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
11. ^ "14. Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica di Venezia". La Biennale di Venezia (in Italian). Archivio Storico delle Arti Contemporanee. Archived from the original on September 17, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
12. ^ Zacharek, Stephanie (September 5, 2013). "Venice update: Kelly Reichardt's Night Moves, James Franco's Child of God, and more". LA Weekly. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
13. ^ Roos, Fred (Spring 1957). "Venice Film Festival, 1956" (PDF). The Quarterly of Film Radio and Television. 11 (3). University of California Press: 249. doi:10.2307/1209744. JSTOR 1209744. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2020. "The report began with a few sentences of praise for each of the 14 films [sic], and then selected the Japanese Harp of Burma and the Spanish Calle Mayor as being particularly outstanding. Since the jury was unable to decide which of these two films was the superior, it had decided not to award a grand prix "St. Mark Golden Lion" this year."
14. ^ "30. Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica di Venezia". La Biennale di Venezia (in Italian). Archivio Storico delle Arti Contemporanee. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
15. ^ a b "Venice Film Festival History 1932-2019: The 70s". La Biennale di Venezia. 7 December 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
16. ^ "Venice Film Fete in Quest of Glamour". The New York Times. August 28, 1979. Retrieved April 24, 2020. "Carlo Lizzani, leftist director and the festival's new president, has not so far managed to restore the "Golden Lion" awards presented at Venice until 1968"
17. ^ Vivarelli, Nick (2020-07-20). "Venice Film Festival to Honor Tilda Swinton, Ann Hui With Golden Lions for Career Achievement". Variety. Retrieved 2020-07-23.
18. ^ "Venezia 79. Leone d'oro alla carriera a Catherine Deneuve: "È una gioia"". La Repubblica. 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
19. ^ "Venezia Cinema: Leone d'Oro alla carriera a Paul Schrader". Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata. 4 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
20. ^ "A Liliana Cavani il Leone d'oro alla carriera dalla Mostra di Venezia". Corriere della Sera. 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
21. ^ "Biennale Cinema 2023 | Director Liliana Cavani and actor Tony Leung Chiu-wai Golden Lions for Lifetime Achievement". La Biennale di Venezia. 2023-03-27. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
22. ^ "Peter Weir Leone d'Oro alla carriera della Biennale Cinema 2024". labiennale.org. 9 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
23. ^ "Biennale Cinema 2024 | Sigourney Weaver Leone d'Oro alla carriera". La Biennale di Venezia (in Italian). 2024-06-28. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
24. ^ "Werner Herzog Leone d'Oro alla carriera". labiennale.org. 8 April 2025. Retrieved 8 April 2025.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Golden Lion.

* La Biennale di Venezia official website / Cinema history

* v
* t
* e

Venice Film Festival

Official awards|

* Golden Lion
* Grand Jury Prize
* Special Jury Prize
* Silver Lion
* Volpi Cup for Best Actor
* Volpi Cup for Best Actress
* Best Screenplay
* Marcello Mastroianni Award
* Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement
* Glory to the Filmmaker

Retired awards|

* Golden Osella

Parallel sections|

* Orizzonti
* Giornate degli Autori

Independent awards|

* Queer Lion
* Young Cinema Award

By year|

* 1932
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* 2022
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025

List of Venice Film Festival jury presidents

* v
* t
* e

Venice Film Festival Golden Lion

1946–1968|

* The Southerner (1946)
* The Strike (1947)
* Hamlet (1948)
* Manon (1949)
* Justice Is Done (1950)
* Rashomon (1951)
* Forbidden Games (1952)
* Romeo and Juliet (1954)
* Ordet (1955)
* Aparajito (1957)
* Rickshaw Man (1958)
* General Della Rovere (1959)
* The Great War (1959)
* Tomorrow Is My Turn (1960)
* Last Year at Marienbad (1961)
* Family Diary (1962)
* Ivan's Childhood (1962)
* Hands over the City (1963)
* Red Desert (1964)
* Sandra (1965)
* The Battle of Algiers (1966)
* Belle de Jour (1967)
* Artists Under the Big Top: Perplexed (1968)

1980–2000|

* Atlantic City (1980)
* Gloria (1980)
* Marianne and Juliane (1981)
* The State of Things (1982)
* First Name: Carmen (1983)
* A Year of the Quiet Sun (1984)
* Vagabond (1985)
* The Green Ray (1986)
* Au revoir les enfants (1987)
* The Legend of the Holy Drinker (1988)
* A City of Sadness (1989)
* Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (1990)
* Close to Eden (1991)
* The Story of Qiu Ju (1992)
* Short Cuts (1993)
* Three Colours: Blue (1993)
* Before the Rain (1994)
* Vive l'amour (1994)
* Cyclo (1995)
* Michael Collins (1996)
* Hana-bi (1997)
* The Way We Laughed (1998)
* Not One Less (1999)
* The Circle (2000)

2001–present|

* Monsoon Wedding (2001)
* The Magdalene Sisters (2002)
* The Return (2003)
* Vera Drake (2004)
* Brokeback Mountain (2005)
* Still Life (2006)
* Lust, Caution (2007)
* The Wrestler (2008)
* Lebanon (2009)
* Somewhere (2010)
* Faust (2011)
* Pietà (2012)
* Sacro GRA (2013)
* A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence (2014)
* From Afar (2015)
* The Woman Who Left (2016)
* The Shape of Water (2017)
* Roma (2018)
* Joker (2019)
* Nomadland (2020)
* Happening (2021)
* All the Beauty and the Bloodshed (2022)
* Poor Things (2023)
* The Room Next Door (2024)

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