Goleniów

Town in Pomerania, Poland

Place in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland

Goleniów

Medieval defensive walls

Flag

Coat of arms

Goleniów

Coordinates: 53°33′49″N 14°49′41″E﻿ / ﻿53.56361°N 14.82806°E﻿ / 53.56361; 14.82806
Country|  Poland
Voivodeship| West Pomeranian
County| Goleniów
Gmina| Goleniów
Established| 10th century
Town rights| 1268
Government

• Mayor| Krzysztof Sypień (Ind.)
Area

• Total

| 11.74 km2 (4.53 sq mi)
Elevation

| 15 m (49 ft)
Population

(2011)

• Total

| 22,844
• Density| 1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi)
Time zone| UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code|

72-100

Area code| +48 91
Car plates| ZGL
Primary airport| Solidarity Szczecin–Goleniów Airport
Website| http://www.goleniow.pl

Goleniów [ɡɔˈlɛɲuf] (Kashubian: Gòłonóg; German: Gollnow) is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland with 22,844 inhabitants as of 2011. It is the capital of Goleniów County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The town's area is 12.5 square kilometres (4.8 sq mi), and its geographical position is 53°33'N, 14°49'E. It is situated in the centre of Goleniowska Forest on Goleniów Plain, near main roads numbers 3 and 6.

The international airport Szczecin-Goleniów "Solidarność" Airport is located just east of the town.

## History

[edit]

The settlement dates back to the 10th century. Pomerania became part of the emerging Polish state under its first ruler Mieszko I around 967.[1] As a result of the 12th-century fragmentation of Poland it became part of the separate Duchy of Pomerania, ruled by the House of Griffin. Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania granted the settlement Magdeburg town rights and additional privileges in 1264, yet Goleniów was rechartered with Lübeck Law, which favoured the local merchants, in 1314.[2] The town grew by exploiting the vast timber reserves in the town-owned forests, and by trade.[2] The town was connected to the Baltic Sea trade routes by the port of Ihnamünde (Inoujście) at the mouth of the Ina river.[2] Competition with nearby Stettin (Szczecin) led to a series of conflicts between the two towns, the differences were set aside only in 1615 when the towns signed a reconciling treaty.[2] The town remained part of the Duchy of Pomerania until Sweden took over in 1630.

19th-century view of the town

The Thirty Years' War devastated the town, and as a consequence of the post-war Peace of Westphalia (1648) and Treaty of Stettin (1653), the town remained with Sweden who had occupied the area since the Treaty of Stettin (1630).[2] The border with Brandenburg-Prussian Pomerania now ran close to the town, and cut Gollnow off from its economic hinterland, which hindered recovery from the war.[2] Between 1677 and 1683, Gollnow was occupied by Brandenburg-Prussia.[2] In the years that followed, the number of craftsmen in the town grew steadily.[2] In 1720, Sweden lost its possessions south of the Peene and east of the Peenestrom rivers, including Gollnow, to Prussia in the Treaty of Stockholm. In the 19th century, craft and trade were joined by industry – Gollnow hosted a coppersmith, a needle fabrication, several facilities for the manufacturing of furniture, three breweries, a distillery, and five water mills.[2] In the late 19th and early 20th century, the town became an important railroad junction, when it was connected to Neudamm (Dębno) and Naugard (Nowogard) in 1882, to Cammin (Kamień Pomorski) and Wollin (Wolin) in 1892, and to Massow in 1903.[3] Gollnow was part of the Prussian province of Pomerania from 1815 to 1945. With the unification of Germany in 1871, it became part of the German Reich. In 1919, the Germans operated a camp in the town, in which they imprisoned Poles arrested in Szubin during the Greater Poland uprising.[4]

During World War II, the Nazis operated a prison in the town, with multiple forced labour subcamps located in the region.[5] Polish forced labourers were imprisoned in the town.[citation needed] On 7 March 1945, the town was captured by the Red Army. After Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II, the area became once again part of Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. The town's German population was expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement.

In 1954, town limits were expanded by including Helenów as Goleniów's new district. From 1975 to 1998, it was administratively located in the Szczecin Voivodeship.

Historic architecture and monuments of Goleniów (examples)

Gothic Saint Catherine's church

Wolin Gate

Old granary

Elementary School No. 1

Polish Independence Monument

Courthouse

## Population

[edit]

Historical population| Year| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1745| 1,677| —
1796| 2,200| +31.2%
1811| 2,929| +33.1%
1828| 3,920| +33.8%
1843| 4,911| +25.3%
1864| 7,413| +50.9%
1871| 7,272| −1.9%
1895| 8,181| +12.5%
1910| 10,258| +25.4%
1928| 11,815| +15.2%
1938| 13,500| +14.3%
1950| 4,723| −65.0%
| Year| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1960| 10,250| +117.0%
1970| 14,700| +43.4%
1975| 17,200| +17.0%
1980| 19,100| +11.0%
1990| 22,200| +16.2%
1995| 22,200| +0.0%
2004| 22,399| +0.9%
2007| 22,399| +0.0%
2008| 22,377| −0.1%
2011| 22,844| +2.1%
2021| 21,876| −4.2%
Source: [2][3][6][7]

## Sports

[edit]

The Goleniów Mile of Independence [pl] running competition is held annually in the town to commemorate Poland's National Independence Day. It is one of the oldest competitions of its kind in Poland.

The local football team is Ina Goleniów [pl]. It competes in the lower leagues.

## Twin towns and sister cities|

[edit]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Goleniów is twinned with:

* Bergen auf Rügen, Germany
* Greifswald, Germany

* Opmeer, Netherlands
* Pyrzyce, Poland

* Svedala, Sweden

|
|

### Former twin towns

[edit]

* Guryevsk, Russia

On 25 February 2022, Goleniów ended its partnership with the Russian city of Guryevsk as a reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[8]

## Cities and towns near Goleniów

[edit]

* Szczecin (Poland)
* Police, Poland
* Stargard (Poland)
* Maszewo (Poland)
* Nowogard (Poland)
* Kamień Pomorski (Poland)
* Wolin (town) (Poland)
* Golczewo (Poland)

## Tourist villages near Goleniów

[edit]

* Jarszewko

## Notable people

[edit]

Johan Frederik Clemens, 1776

* Johan Frederik Clemens (1749–1831), Pomeranian-Danish printmaker in etching.
* Werner Kollath (1892–1970), German bacteriologist, hygienist and food scientist.
* Günther Marks (1897–1978), German church musician, organist and composer
* Helga Paris (1938-2024), German photographer
* Marek Leśniak (born 1964), Polish retired footballer, played over 500 pro games and 20 for Poland
* Grzegorz Stępniak (born 1989), Polish professional racing cyclist
* Tom Swoon (born 1993), Polish DJ, remixer and record producer

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Labuda, Gerard (1993). "Chrystianizacja Pomorza (X–XIII stulecie)". Studia Gdańskie (in Polish). Vol. IX. Gdańsk-Oliwa. p. 47.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Peter Oliver Loew, Staatsarchiv Stettin: Wegweiser durch die Bestände bis zum Jahr 1945, a translation of Radosław Gaziński, Paweł Gut, Maciej Szukała, Archiwum Państwowe w Szczecinie, Poland. Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2004, p.286, ISBN 3-486-57641-0
3. ^ a b Peter Oliver Loew, Staatsarchiv Stettin: Wegweiser durch die Bestände bis zum Jahr 1945, a translation of Radosław Gaziński, Paweł Gut, Maciej Szukała, Archiwum Państwowe w Szczecinie, Poland. Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2004, p.287, ISBN 3-486-57641-0
4. ^ Marek Rezler. "Pierwsza bitwa o SZUBIN 2 - 8 stycznia 1919 r." Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). Retrieved 31 March 2021.
5. ^ "Zuchthaus Gollnow". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 31 March 2021.
6. ^ Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 13.
7. ^ "Wyniki badań bieżących". demografia.stat.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 1 April 2024.
8. ^ "Zachodniopomorskie: Goleniów zrywa współpracę z rosyjskim miastem Gurjewskiem" (in Polish). Retrieved 5 March 2022.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Goleniów.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Gollnow".

* Official town website
* Jewish Community in Goleniów on Virtual Shtetl
* Satellilte photo via Google Maps

* v
* t
* e

Goleniów County

Seat: Goleniów

Urban-rural gminas|

* Gmina Goleniów
* Gmina Maszewo
* Gmina Nowogard

Rural gminas|

* Gmina Osina
* Gmina Przybiernów
* Gmina Stepnica

* v
* t
* e

Gmina Goleniów

Town and seat|

* Goleniów

Villages|

* Bącznik
* Białuń
* Bolechowo
* Bolesławice
* Borzysławiec
* Budno
* Burowo
* Bystra
* Czarna Łąka
* Danowo
* Dobroszyn
* Domastryjewo
* Glewice
* Gniazdowo
* Grabina
* Imno
* Ininka
* Inoujście
* Iwno
* Kamieniska
* Kąty
* Kępy Lubczyńskie
* Kliniska Małe
* Kliniska Wielkie
* Kłosowice
* Komarowo
* Krępsko
* Krzewno
* Łaniewo
* Łęsko
* Łozienica
* Lubczyna
* Marszewo
* Miękowo
* Modrzewie
* Mosty
* Mosty-Osiedle
* Nadrzecze
* Niedamierz
* Niewiadowo
* Podańsko
* Pucice
* Pucie
* Pucko
* Rurka
* Rurzyca
* Smolniki
* Stawno
* Święta
* Tarnowiec
* Tarnówko
* Twarogi
* Wierzchosław
* Zaborze
* Zabród
* Załom
* Zamęcie
* Żdżary
* Żółwia
* Żółwia Błoć

* v
* t
* e

Geography of Pomerania

Regions|

| Current|

* Western Pomerania
* Farther Pomerania
* Pomerelia
* Gdańsk Pomerania
* Kashubia
* Kociewie
* Tuchola Forest
* Chełmno Land
* Michałów Land
* Lubawa Land

|

Former|

* Circipania
* Lauenburg and Bütow Land
* Lands of Schlawe and Stolp

Administration|

* Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* Brandenburg
* West Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Pomerania Euroregion

Cities and towns|

* Anklam
* Barth
* Demmin
* Gartz
* Greifswald
* Grudziądz
* Heringsdorf
* Kołobrzeg
* Koszalin
* Ribnitz-Damgarten
* Sagard
* Sassnitz
* Słupsk
* Stargard
* Starogard Gdański
* Stralsund
* Świnoujście
* Szczecin
* Tczew
* Toruń
* Tricity metro
* Gdańsk
* Gdynia
* Sopot
* Ueckermünde
* Wejherowo
* Wolgast
* Zingst

* List of towns in Western Pomerania
* List of towns in Farther Pomerania
* List of placenames in the Province of Pomerania
* A–H
* I–P
* Q–Z

Inhabited islands|

* Kirr
* Hiddensee
* Ummanz
* Dänholm
* Rügen
* Öhe
* Riems
* Vilm
* Greifswalder Oie
* Görmitz
* Usedom
* Karsibór
* Wolin
* Wolińska Kępa
* Chrząszczewska
* Pucka
* Grodzka
* Kępa Parnicka
* Zaleskie Łęgi
* Zielona
* Łasztownia
* Ostrów Grabowski
* Salt Island
* Młyńska Island
* Port
* Ołowianka
* Ostrów
* Sobieszewo

Peninsulae and headlands|

* Darß-Zingst
* Jasmund
* Hel
* Mönchgut
* Reddevitz Höft
* Rewa Sandbar
* Cape Rozewie
* Cape Rzucewo
* Westerplatte
* Wittow
* Cape Arkona
* Bug
* Schaabe
* Zudar
* Palmer Ort

Rivers|

* Brda
* Drawa
* Drwęca
* Dziwna
* Grabowa
* Gwda
* Ina
* Łeba
* Motława
* Oder
* West
* East
* Regalica
* Parsęta
* Peene
* Peenestrom
* Piaśnica
* Płonia
* Radunia
* Randow
* Recknitz
* Reda
* Rega
* Ryck
* Słupia
* Świna
* Tollense
* Trebel
* Uecker
* Vistula
* Leniwka
* Śmiała Wisła
* Martwa Wisła
* Przekop Canal
* Wda
* Wieprza
* Wierzyca

Lakes|

* Charzykowskie Lake
* Dąbie Lake
* Drawsko Lake
* Gardno Lake
* Jamno Lake
* Lake Kummerow
* Łebsko Lake
* Miedwie Lake
* Raduńskie Lake
* Wdzydze Lake
* Wicko Lake

Bays, lagoons|

* Achterwasser
* Balmer See
* Darss-Zingst Bodden Chain
* Bodstedter Bodden
* Barther Bodden
* Grabow
* Bay of Gdańsk
* Bay of Puck
* Bay of Pomerania
* Bay of Greifswald
* Rügischer Bodden
* Hagensche Wiek
* Having
* Wreecher See
* Kamieński Lagoon
* North Rügen Bodden
* Wieker Bodden
* Rassower Strom
* Großer Jasmunder Bodden
* Kleiner Jasmunder Bodden
* Prorer Wiek
* Szczecin Lagoon
* Nowe Warpno Bay
* Neuwarper See
* Tromper Wiek
* West Rügen Bodden
* Vitter Bodden
* Schaproder Bodden
* Udarser Wiek
* Kubitzer Bodden
* Liebitz

National parks|

* Western Pomerania Lagoon Area
* Jasmund
* Lower Oder Valley
* Wolin
* Drawa
* Slovincian
* Bory Tucholskie

* v
* t
* e

History of Pomerania

* 10,000 BC - 600 AD
* 600-1100
* 1100-1300
* 1300-1500
* 1500-1806
* 1806-1933
* 1933-1945
* 1945-present

Administrative

Western Pomerania

* Billung March
* Northern March
* Principality of Rügen
* Duchy of Pomerania
* House of Pomerania
* List of dukes
* Gützkow
* Partitions
* Pomerania-Demmin
* Pomerania-Stettin
* Pomerania-Schlawe
* Pomerania-Wolgast
* Pomerania-Stolp
* Pomerania-Neustettin
* Pomerania-Stargard
* Pomerania-Rügenwalde
* Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp
* Pomerania-Barth
* Swedish Pomerania
* Province of Pomerania 1815-1945
* Stettin Region
* Stralsund Region
* List of placenames
* Enclave of Police
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1946–1952
* Bezirk Frankfurt
* Bezirk Neubrandenburg
* Bezirk Rostock
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Contemporary
* Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* Brandenburg
* West Pomeranian Voivodeship

|

Farther Pomerania

* Duchy of Pomerania
* House of Pomerania
* List of dukes
* Cammin
* Schlawe-Stolp
* Partitions
* Pomerania-Stolp
* Brandenburgian Pomerania
* Starostwo of Draheim
* Province of Pomerania 1815-1945
* Stettin Region
* Köslin Region
* List of placenames
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Słupsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Contemporary
* West Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Pomeranian Voivodeship

Lauenburg-Bütow
classified as
Farther Pomerania
or Pomerelia|

* Duchy of Pomerania
* House of Pomerania
* List of dukes
* Partitions
* Royal Prussia
* Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Lauenburg-Bütow Pawn
* Brandenburgian Pomerania
* Lauenburg and Bütow Land
* Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
* Köslin Region
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
* Słupsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Contemporary
* Pomeranian Voivodeship

Pomerelia
(Kashubia,
Kociewie,
Tuchola Forest,
Chełmno Land)|

* Polish Pomerelia
* Danish Pomerelia
* Duchy of Pomerelia
* Samborides
* Duchy of Gdańsk
* Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo
* Duchy of Białogarda
* Duchy of Lubiszewo
* Duchy of Świecie
* State of the Teutonic Order
* Royal Prussia 1466–1793
* Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Chełmno Voivodeship
* Free City of Danzig 1807–1814
* West Prussia
* Posen-West Prussia Region
* Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919-1939 (Polish Corridor)
* Free City of Danzig 1920-1939
* Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
* Gdańsk Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
* Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
* Gdańsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Słupsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Toruń Voivodeship 1975–1998
* Contemporary
* Pomeranian Voivodeship
* West Pomeranian Voivodeship
* Gmina Biały Bór
* Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Ecclesiastical

| Roman Catholic|

| Historical|

* Christianization of Pomerania
* Diocese of Wollin/Cammin
* Diocese of Kolberg
* Diocese of Chełmno
* Diocese of Roskilde
* Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany
* Prince-Episcopal Delegation for Brandenburg and Pomerania
* Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig
* Apostolic Administration of Tütz
* Prelature of Schneidemühl
* Apostolic Administration of Kamień (Cammin), Lubusz (Lebus) and the Prelature of Piła (Schneidemühl) with see in Gorzów Wielkopolski 1945–1972

|

Extant|

* Archdiocese of Berlin
* Diocese of Bydgoszcz
* Archdiocese of Gdańsk
* Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg
* Diocese of Pelplin
* Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień
* Diocese of Toruń
* Diocese of Włocławek

Protestant|

| Historical|

* Protestant Reformation

* Evangelical State Church in Prussia
* Pomeranian Evangelical Church

|

Extant|

* Protestant Church in Germany
* Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
* Lutheran Diocese of Mecklenburg and Pomerania
* Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany
* Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
* Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland
* Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław
* Pentecostal Church in Poland

Demography and anthropology

| Archaeological cultures|

* Hamburg
* Maglemosian
* Ertebølle-Ellerbek
* Linear Pottery
* Funnelbeaker
* Havelland
* Corded Ware
* Comb Ceramic
* Nordic Bronze Age
* Lusatian
* Jastorf
* Pomeranian
* Oksywie
* Wielbark
* Gustow
* Dębczyn (Denzin)

|

Peoples|

* Gepids
* Goths
* Lemovii
* Rugii
* Vidivarii
* Vistula Veneti
* Slavic Pomeranians
* Prissani
* Rani
* Ukrani
* Veleti
* Lutici
* Velunzani
* German Pomeranians
* Kashubians
* Poles
* Slovincians

Major demographic events|

* Migration Period
* Ostsiedlung
* WWII flight and expulsion of Germans
* Post-WWII settlement of Poles and Ukrainians

Languages and dialects|

| West Germanic|

* Low German
* Low Prussian
* Central Pomeranian
* Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
* East Pomeranian
* West Pomeranian
* Standard German

|

West Slavic|

* Polabian
* Polish
* Pomeranian
* Kashubian
* Slovincian

Treaties

| 1200-1500|

* Kremmen (1236)
* Landin (1250)
* Kępno (1282)
* Soldin (1309)
* Templin (1317)
* Ueckermünde (1327)
* Kalisz (1343)
* Stralsund (1354)
* Stralsund (1370)
* Pyzdry (1390)
* Raciążek (1404)
* Thorn, First (1411)
* Eberswalde, First (1415)
* Melno (1422)
* Perleberg (1427)
* Eberswalde, Second (1427)
* Łęczyca (1433)
* Brześć Kujawski (1435)
* Soldin (1466)
* Thorn, Second (1466)
* Prenzlau (1448/1468/1472/1479)
* Pyritz (1493)

|

1500-1700|

* Thorn (1521)
* Kraków (1525)
* Grimnitz (1529)
* Augsburg (1555)
* Lublin (1569)
* Stettin (1570)
* Franzburg (1627)
* Stettin (1630)
* Westphalia (1648)
* Stettin (1653)
* Labiau (1656)
* Wehlau and Bromberg (1657)
* Oliva (1660)
* Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)
* Lund (1679)

1700-present|

* Stockholm (1719 / 1720)
* Frederiksborg (1720)
* Polish Partitions Treaties (1772/1773, 1793, 1795)
* Tilsit (1807)
* Kiel (1814)
* Vienna (1815)
* North German Confederation Treaty (1866)
* Peace of Prague (1866)
* Versailles (1919)
* Polish Concordat (1925)
* Prussian Concordat (1929)
* Reichskonkordat (1933)
* Molotov–Ribbentrop (1939)
* Potsdam (1945)
* Zgorzelec (1951)
* Moscow (1970)
* Warsaw (1970)
* Helsinki Accords (1975)
* Polish-East German Maritime Border Agreement (1989)
* Two Plus Four (1990)
* German Reunification Treaty (1990)
* German–Polish Border Treaty (1991)
* Treaty of Good Neighbourship (1991)
* Polish Concordat (1993)
* Convention on the International Commission on the Protection of the Oder against Pollution (1996)
* Treaty of Accession 2003

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* 2
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

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*[±%]: Percent change
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