Government of Kerala

Indian State Government

Government of Kerala
കേരള സർക്കാർ

Seat of Government| Kerala Government Secretariat, Thiruvananthapuram
Website| kerala.gov.in
Legislative branch
Assembly|

* Kerala Legislative Assembly

Speaker| A. N. Shamseer, CPI(M)
Deputy Speaker| Chittayam Gopakumar, (CPI)
Members in Assembly| 140
Meeting place| Niyamasabha Mandiram, Thiruvananthapuram
Executive branch
Governor
(Head of the state)| Rajendra Arlekar
Chief Minister
(Head of the government)| Pinarayi Vijayan, CPI(M)
Chief Secretary| Sarada Muraleedharan, IAS[1]
Headquarters| Kerala Government Secretariat, Thiruvananthapuram
Departments| 44
Judiciary
High Court| High Court of Kerala
Chief Justice| Nitin Madhukar Jamdar
Seat| Kochi

The Government of Kerala (abbreviated as GoK), also known as the Kerala Government, is the administrative body responsible for governing the Indian state of Kerala. The government is led by a chief minister, who selects all the other ministers. The chief minister and their most senior ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, known as the cabinet.

Ministers of the Kerala government are responsible to the Kerala Legislative Assembly; they make statements in the assembly and take questions from members of the assembly. The government is dependent on Kerala Legislative Assembly to make primary legislation. Legislative assembly elections are held every five years to elect a new assembly, unless there is a successful vote of no confidence in the government or a two-thirds vote for a snap election in the assembly, in which case an election may be held sooner. After an election, the governor selects as chief minister the leader of the party most likely to command the confidence of the assembly, usually by possessing a majority of MLAs.

Under the Indian constitution, executive authority lies with the governor, although this authority is exercised only by, or on the advice of, the chief minister and the cabinet. In most cases, the cabinet members exercise power directly as leaders of the government departments, though some cabinet positions are sinecures to a greater or lesser degree.

## Executive branch

[edit]

The city of Thiruvananthapuram serves as the administrative headquarters of Kerala.

### Governor

[edit]

See also: Governors of Kerala

The governor is appointed by the  President for a term of five years. The executive and legislative powers lie with the Chief Minister and his council of ministers, who are appointed by the governor. The governors of the states and territories of India have similar powers and functions at the state level as that of the president of India at the national level. Only Indian citizens above 35 years of age are eligible for appointment. Governors discharge all constitutional functions, such as the appointment of the chief minister, sending reports to the president about failure of constitutional machinery in a state, or with respect to issues relating to the assent to a bill passed by legislature, exercise or their own opinion.[2]

Thumbnail map of India with Kerala highlighted.

Rajendra Arlekar is the present governor.

The governor enjoys many different types of powers:

* Executive powers related to administration, appointments, and removals
* Legislative powers related to lawmaking and the state legislature
* Discretionary powers to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor

### Kerala Council of Ministers

[edit]

See also: List of Chief Ministers of Kerala

Main article: Kerala Council of Ministers

The Government Secretariat Complex in Thiruvananthapuram, which houses offices of ministers and secretaries

Like in other Indian states, the executive arm of the state is responsible for the day-to-day management of the state. It consists of the governor, the chief minister and the Council of Ministers (also known as cabinet). The chief minister and the council of ministers also have been appointed by the governor. The governor summons prorogues and dissolves the legislature. He can close the legislative assembly on the recommendation of the chief minister. Judiciary has been separated from the executive in Kerala like other Indian states.

The executive authority is headed by the Chief Minister of Kerala, who is the de facto head of state and is vested with most of the executive powers; the Legislative Assembly's majority party leader is appointed to this position by the Governor. The present Chief Minister is Pinarayi Vijayan, who took office on 25 May 2016. Generally, the winning party decides the chief minister. In many cases, the party focuses a chief ministerial candidate during the election.

The Council of Ministers, which answers to the Legislative Assembly, has its members appointed by the Governor; the appointments receive input from the Chief Minister. They are collectively responsible to the legislative assembly of the State. Generally, the winning party and its chief minister chooses the ministers list and submit the list for the Governor's approval.

#### Current council of ministers

[edit]

This section is transcluded from Kerala Council of Ministers#Present Council of Ministers. (edit | history)

Main article: Second Vijayan ministry

The incumbent chief minister of Kerala is serving his second consecutive term, and was sworn into power on 20 May 2021. The oath-taking ceremony was held at the Central Stadium. The Kerala Governor administered the oath of office and secrecy to the new members. In December 2023, the Kerala Cabinet underwent a reshuffle as part of a mutual agreement among member parties. The reshuffling is in accordance with a pre-election agreement within the Left Democratic Front (LDF) coalition. Transport Minister Antony Raju and Ports and Archaeology Minister Ahmed Devarkovil resigned, leading to the appointment of K.B Ganesh Kumar as the new Minister for Transport and Kadannappalli Ramachandran as the Minister for Registration and Archeology.[3]

S.No  | Name  | Portrait  | Constituency  | Designation  | Department  | Party  | State Car Number

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Chief Minister

1\.  | Pinarayi Vijayan |  | Dharmadom | Chief Minister  |

* Chief Minister
* Home
* Vigilance
* General Administration
* All India Services (IAS, IPS, IFS)
* Planning and Economic Affairs
* Science, Technology and Environment
* Pollution Control
* Scientific Institutes
* Personnel and Administrative Reforms
* Election
* Integration
* Information Technology
* Sainik Welfare
* Distress Relief
* State Hospitality
* Airports
* Metro Rail
* Inter - State River Waters
* Coastal Shipping and Inland Navigation
* Kerala State Inland Navigation Corporation
* Information and Public Relations
* Non- Resident Keralites’ Affairs
* Administration of Civil and Criminal Justice
* Fire and Rescue Services
* Prisons
* Printing and Stationery
* Environment
* Disaster Management
* Other departments not allocated to any Minister.

| CPI(M) |

Cabinet Ministers |
2\.  | Adv. K. Rajan |  | Ollur | Minister for Revenue and Housing  |

* Land Revenue
* Survey and Land Records
* Housing
* Land Reforms

| CPI |

3\.  | Roshy Augustine |  | Idukki | Minister for Water Resources  |

* Irrigation
* Command Area Development Authority
* Ground Water Department
* Water Supply and Sanitation

| KCM |

4\.  | K. Krishnankutty |  | Chittur | Minister for Electricity  |

* Electricity
* ANERT

| JD(S) Kerala |

5\.  | A. K. Saseendran |  | Elathur | Minister for Forest and Wildlife  |

* Forests
* Wild life Protection

| NCP |

6\.  | Kadannappalli Ramachandran |  | Kannur | Minister for Registration,Museum Archaeology & Archives  |

* Registration
* Museums
* Archaeology
* Archives

| Congress (S) |

7\.  | K. B. Ganesh Kumar |  | Pathanapuram | Minister for Transport  |

* Road Transport
* Motor Vehicles Department
* State Water Transport Department
* KSRTC

| KC(B) |

8\.  | V. Abdurahiman |  | Tanur | Minister for Sports, Wakf and Haj Pilgrimage, Minority welfare  |

* Sports
* Wakf and Haj Pilgrimage
* Post and Telegraphs
* Railways
* Minority Welfare

| NSC | 21
9\.  | G. R. Anil |  | Nedumangad | Minister for Food and Civil Supplies  |

* Food and Civil Supplies
* Consume Affairs
* Legal Metrology

| CPI |

10\.  | K. N. Balagopal |  | Kottarakkara | Minister for Finance  |

* Finance
* National Savings.
* Stores Purchase.
* Commercial Taxes.
* Treasuries.Lotteries.
* State Audit.
* Kerala Financial Corporation.
* KSFE.State Insurance.
* Stamps And Stamp Duties.

| CPI(M) |

11\.  | R. Bindu |  | Irinjalakuda | Minister for Higher Education and Social Justice  |

* Collegiate Education
* Technical Education
* Universities (Except Agriculture, Veterinary, Fisheries, Medical and Digital Universities)
* Entrance Examinations
* National Cadet Corps
* Additional Skill Acquisition Programme (ASAP)
* Social Justice

| CPI(M) |

12\.  | J. Chinchu Rani |  | Chadayamangalam | Minister for Animal Husbandry and Dairy Development  |

* Animal Husbandry
* Dairy Development, Milk Co-operatives
* Zoos
* Kerala Veterinary & Animal Sciences University

| CPI |

13\.  | M.B Rajesh |  | Thrithala | Minister for Local Self Governments, Rural Development and Excise  |

* Local Self Governments
* Excise
* Kerala Institute of Local Administration
* Parliamentary affairs

| CPI(M) |

14\.  | P. A. Mohammed Riyas |  | Beypore | Minister for Public Works and Tourism  |

* Public Works Department
* Tourism

| CPI(M) |

15\.  | P. Prasad |  | Cherthala | Minister for Agriculture  |

* Agriculture
* Soil Survey & Soil Conservation
* Kerala Agriculture University
* Warehousing Corporation

| CPI |

16\.  | O. R. Kelu |  |  | Minister for Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes.  |

* Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes

|  |
17\.  | P Rajeev |  | Kalamassery | Minister for Law, Industries and Coir  |

* Law
* Industries (Including Industrial co-operatives)
* Commerce
* Mining and Geology
* Handlooms and Textiles
* Khadi and Village Industries
* Coir
* Cashew Industry
* Plantation Directorate

| CPI(M) |

18\.  | Saji Cherian |  | Chengannur | Minister for Fisheries, culture & youth affairs  |

* Fisheries
* culture
* youth affairs
* Harbour Engineering

| CPI(M) |

19\.  | V. Sivankutty |  | Nemom | Minister for General Education and Labour  |

* General Education
* Literacy Movement
* Labour
* Employment and Training
* Skills, Rehabilitation
* Factories and Boilers
* Insurance Medical Service
* Industrial Tribunals
* Labour Courts

| CPI(M) |

20\.  | V. N. Vasavan |  | Ettumanoor | Minister for Co-operation  |

* Co-operation
* Port
* Devaswom

| CPI(M) | 12
21\.  | Veena George |  | Aranmula | Minister for Health and Woman and Child Development  |

* Health
* Family Welfare
* Medical Education
* Medical University
* Indigenous Medicine
* AYUSH
* Drugs Control
* Woman & Child Welfare

| CPI(M) |

## Legislative branch

[edit]

The state assembly building in Thiruvananthapuram.

Main article: Kerala Legislature

The legislature comprises the governor and the legislative assembly, which is the highest political organ in the state. The governor has the power to summon the assembly or to close the same. All members of the legislative assembly are directly elected, normally once in every five years by the eligible voters who are above 18 years of age. The current assembly consists of 140 elected members and one member nominated by the governor from the Anglo-Indian community. The elected members select one of its own members as its chairman who is called the speaker. The speaker is assisted by the deputy speaker who is also elected by the members. The conduct of a meeting in the house is the responsibility of the speaker.

The main function of the assembly is to pass laws and rules. Every bill passed by the house has to be finally approved by the governor before it becomes applicable.

The normal term of the legislative assembly is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. But while a proclamation of state of emergency is in operation, the said period will be extended by Parliament by Laws for a period not exceeding one year at a time.[4]

## Administrative divisions

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See also: Corporations, Municipalities and Taluks of Kerala; Local government in Kerala; and Administrative divisions of Kerala

State administrative structure

Administrative divisions  | Total
Districts | 14
Revenue Divisions | 27
Taluks | 75
Revenue Villages | 1453
Local-Self Governments[5] | Numbers

|

District Panchayats | 14
Block Panchayats | 152
Grama Panchayats | 941
Municipal Corporations | 6
Municipalities | 87
Electoral constituencies  | Numbers

|

Lok Sabha constituencies | 20
Legislative assembly constituencies | 140

For administrative convenience, Kerala State has been divided into 14 districts, 27 revenue divisions, 75 taluks, 152 CD blocks, and 1453 revenue villages. For local governance, the state has 941 gram panchayats, 152 block panchayats, 14 district panchayats, 6 corporations, and 87 municipalities.[6]

## Departments

[edit]

The business of the state government is transacted through the various secretariat departments based on the rules of business. Each department consists of secretary to the government, who is the official head of the department and such other deputy secretaries, under secretaries, junior secretaries, officers, and staffs subordinate to him/her. The Chief secretary superintending control over the whole secretariat and staff attached to the ministers.

The department is further divided into sections, each of which is under the charge of a section officer. Apart from these sections, dealing with the subjects allotted to them, there are other offices sections, assigned with specific duties. When there is more than one secretary in a department, there shall be a clear separation of work.[7]

At present there are 44 Secretariat Departments as below:

* Agricultural Development and Farmers Welfare Department[8]
* Animal Husbandry Department
* Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy[9] (AYUSH) Department
* Archaeology Department
* Backward Communities Development Department
* Department of Coastal Shipping and Inland Navigation
* Co-operation Department
* Department of Consumer Affairs
* Department of Cultural Affairs
* Department of Dairy Development
* Department of Environment
* Department of Election
* Department of Electronics and Information Technology
* Excise Department
* Finance Department
* Fisheries and Ports Department
* Forests and Wildlife Department
* Food and Civil Supplies Department
* General Education Department
* General Administration Department
* Higher Education Department
*   * Home Department
* Health and Family Welfare Department
* Housing Department
* Industries and Commerce Department
* Information & Public Relations Department
* Labour and Skills Department
*   * Law Department
* Local Self-Government Department
* Minority Welfare Department
* Non Resident Keralites Affairs (NORKA) Department[10]
* Planning and Economic Affairs Department
* Personnel & Administrative Reforms Department
* Parliamentary Affairs Department
* Power Department
* Public Works Department
* Registration Department
* Revenue Department
* Sainik Welfare Department
* Science & Technology Department
*   * Social Justice Department
* Sports & Youth Affairs Department
* Scheduled Castes Development Department
* Scheduled Tribes Development Department
* Stores Purchase Department
* Taxes Department
* Tourism Department
* Transport Department
* Vigilance Department
* Water Resources Department[11]
* Women and Child Development Department
* Western Ghats Cell

Out of these 44 Secretariat Departments, 42 (aside from the Finance and Law Departments) are commonly referred to as Administrative Departments and are referred to as Administrative Secretariat collectively for administrative convenience and in light of the functions that are distributed among them. The Secretaries in charge of various departments are typically All India Service officers who are members of the Indian Administrative Service and may have the rank of Additional Chief Secretary, Principal Secretary, or Secretary.

In addition to the Secretariat department, the State Government operates various field departments that function under the purview of their respective Secretariat department. These field departments form an integral part of the administrative structure, working in conjunction with the Secretariat to effectively implement government policies and initiatives at the grassroots level. Line departments (field departments) which are distinct from the Secretariat but operate under almost the same name as the Secretariat dept are commonly known as Directorates and Commissionerates.

## State insignias

[edit]

Symbols of Kerala

Emblem of Kerala

Language| Malayalam
Bird| Great Indian hornbill
Fish| Pearlspot (karimeen)
Flower| Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum)
Fruit| Jackfruit
Mammal| Elephant
Tree| Coconut
Costume| Mundum neriyathum (women)
Mundu (men)

Main article: Seal of Kerala

The Kerala State Emblem is a derivative version of the royal coat of arms of the Kingdom of Travancore. The state emblem symbolises two elephants guarding the Imperial Shanku, or conch, in its imperial crest. This crest was the insignia of Lord Sree Padmanabha (a form of Lord Vishnu) - the national deity of Travancore. Shanku was considered one of the common emblems of a majority of the Kerala feudal kingdoms. The Kingdom of Cochin and Zamorin's Malabar also had conch as state emblems. When the kingdoms of Cochin and Travancore merged in 1949, for a brief period, the crest carried a wheel or chakra in the centre with Shanku on top of it. With the accession of Malabar into Travancore-Cochin, the state of Kerala was formed in 1957. During this time, the royal coat of arms of the Travancore kingdom was modified by placing the "Lion Capital of Ashoka" on top of the imperial conch. The Travancore Royal Family uses the erstwhile Royal Coat of Arms of Travancore today, whereas Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple of Trivandrum uses only the imperial conch crest as its coat of arms.

The state animal of Kerala is the elephant, and the government emblem has two elephants in it. The state bird is the great Indian hornbill (ML:മലമ്പുഴക്കി വേഴാമ്പല്‍). The state flower is the golden shower (ML:കണിക്കൊന്ന), and the state tree is the coconut.[12] The state fish is the pearlspot or karimeen (കരിമീന്‍‌).

## Elections

[edit]

Main article: Elections in Kerala

Elections to the state assembly are held every five years. Elections are generally held for Parliament, State assembly and regional panchayats. Due to the large numbers of eligible voters, over 21 million, elections are usually held on several dates. Like all other Indian states, the minimum age of registration of a voter is 18 years.

## Politics

[edit]

Main article: Politics of Kerala

Kerala has a unique position in India as one of the most politicised states. It has the nation's largest politically aware population, which actively participates in state politics.

Politics in Kerala is dominated by two political fronts: the Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Democratic Front (LDF) and the Indian National Congress-led United Democratic Front (UDF) since the late 1970s. These two coalitions have alternated in power since 1982, although this pattern was broken in 2021. According to the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, the LDF has a majority in the state assembly (99/140).

The political alliance has strongly stabilised and, with rare exceptions, most of the coalition partners maintain loyalty to the alliance. As a result of this, power has alternated between these two fronts since 1979.

In terms of individual parties, the state has strong leanings towards socialism and thus Communist parties have made strong inroads in Kerala. The Malabar region, particularly Kannur and Palakkad, are considered the heartland of the Communist parties. The Kollam and Alapuzha districts, where trade unions have a strong presence, are generally inclined to Left parties, though several times the UDF has won. The CPI(M) led LDF did a clean sweep of 11–0 over UDF and NDA in Kollam district during 2016 Local body election.[13] The largest Communist party is the CPIM and the second largest is the CPI.

The Indian National Congress, which leads the UDF coalition, has had a very strong presence in Kerala since pre-Independence days. The Congress party has great popularity in the Thrissur, Ernakulam, Kottayam, Pathanamthitta and Thiruvananthapuram regions, whereas it has a strong influence in some parts of Idukki regions.

The Bharatiya Janata Party (the Party that currently leads the Government of India) is also active in Kerala, but is not part of either coalition. It has only one elected Parliament member from Thrissur, and has lost its one Legislative Assembly member in the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election and selected members in all the Corporations, several Municipal Councils and a large number of Local Panchayats. The party enjoys popularity in the districts of Thiruvananthapuram and Kasaragod.

Other popular regional parties are:

* The Kerala Congress, which has more than four denominations after breaking away from the original party. It has strong influence among settlement populations in hilly regions. The various Kerala Congress denominations are primarily patronized by the Syrian Christian community and Nair populations, mostly in Central Travancore areas like Kottayam, Idukki and Pathanamthitta. Today, most of Kerala Congress parties are with the UDF.
* The Indian Union Muslim League is a powerful pro-Muslim community-oriented party, which was started as the Muslim League prior to Independence, yet decided to transfer their allegiance to the Indian Union after Independence, when the original Muslim League went to Pakistan. The IUML-Kerala unit is the only Muslim League group to declare its allegiance and loyalty to India and hence become a state party in post-Independence India. The party has strongholds mostly in Muslim-dominated districts like Kozhikode, Malappuram and Kasargod. They form the second largest party within the UDF.
* Socialist groups, consisting of several small fragmented parties like the NCP (SP), SJD-S, JDS, and Congress-S, are mainly centre-left socialist parties having very limited influence in a few pocket areas. Most of the socialist groups are with the LDF, though in a few instances, some of them changed their loyalties to the UDF.
* Communist parties consist of various groups which have broken away from the CPIM. They are mostly centre-left parties, though a few are extreme-left. While a few centre-left parties like the RSP have joined with the UDF, those that broke away from the CPIM, like the CMP and JSS, led by erstwhile CPIM veterans who were expelled from CPIM, have joined with the UDF.
* The Bharath Dharma Jana Sena or BDJS is a new political party formed in 2015 led by Thushar Vellapally. The party's primary vote base is among Ezhava and Thiyya community. It is politically and ideologically aligned towards the BJP and is a part of National Democratic Alliance.

## Awards and honours

[edit]

Kerala was declared as the first complete digitally administered state of India on 27 February 2016.[14] The India Corruption Survey 2019 by Transparency International declared Kerala the least-corrupt state in India.[15] The state topped in the country to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals according to the annual report of NITI Aayog published in 2019.[16] The Public Affairs Index-2020 released by the Public Affairs Centre, India, designated Kerala as the best governed Indian state.[17]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ >pages gad.kerala.gov.in/index.php/contact-us>pages
2. ^ "The States". Government of India. Archived from the original on 23 March 2008.
3. ^ "Kerala's Transport, Ports ministers resign, pave way for cabinet reshuffle". India Today. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
4. ^ "Kerala Government - Legislature". Kerala Niyamasabha. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
5. ^ "Local Self Government Institutions | Deparyment of Panchayats". dop.lsgkerala.gov.in. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
6. ^ "Local Self Government". Archived from the original on 11 April 2011.
7. ^ "Organizational and functional details of the Government Secretariat". The official website, Government of Kerala. Archived from the original on 5 October 2010.
8. ^ "Karshika Keralam – Department of Agriculture Development and Farmers' Welfare" (in Malayalam). Retrieved 7 February 2022.
9. ^ "AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha & Homoeopathy) – National Health Mission". Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
10. ^ "Home - NORKA". www.norkaroots.org. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
11. ^ "Kerala State Portal". kerala.gov.in. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
12. ^ "Kerala Symbols". kerenvis.nic.in. Archived from the original on 7 March 2008.
13. ^ "Red wave trounces UDF in Kerala". The Hindu. 20 May 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
14. ^ Special currespondent (28 February 2016). "Kerala the first digital State". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
15. ^ India Corruption Survey 2019 - Report (PDF). Transparency International India. 2019. p. 22.
16. ^ Gireesh Chandra Prasad (30 December 2019). "Kerala tops sustainable development goals index". Livemint. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
17. ^ PTI (30 October 2020). "Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Goa best governed States: report". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 June 2021.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala (PDF), Thiruvananthapuram: Secratriat of Kerala Legislature, 2018
* Chandran, VP (2018). Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019 (Malayalam Edition). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode.
* Menon, A. Sreedhara (2007). A Survey of Kerala History. DC Books. ISBN 9788126415786.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

* v
* t
* e

Kerala topics

History|

* Sangam period
* Edakkal Caves
* Ariyannur Umbrellas
* Kudakkallu Parambu
* Chovvanur burial cave
* Chera
* Zamorin of Calicut
* Venad Swaroopam
* Kingdom of Cannanore
* Kerala school
* Battle of Kulachal
* Arakkal kingdom
* Lakshadweep
* Anglo-Mysore Wars
* Battle of Quilon
* Vaikom Satyagraham
* Perumpadapu Swaroopam
* Malabar Migration

Government
Politics|

* Agencies
* Chief Ministers
* Governors
* Legislative Assembly
* Panchayat elections
* Saptakakshi Munnani
* Aikya Munnani
* Left Democratic Front
* United Democratic Front
* Politicians

Incidents|

* 1988 Perumon tragedy
* 2001 Kadalundi Train derailment
* 2016 Paravur temple fire
* 2018 Kerala floods

Geography|

* Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve
* Ashtamudi Lake
* Kavvayi Backwaters
* Backwaters
* Districts
* Eravikulam National Park
* Flora and fauna
* Malabar Coast
* Marayoor
* Nelliampathi Mountains
* Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
* Nilgiri Hills
* Palakkad Gap
* Protected areas
* Sasthamcotta Lake
* Vembanad Lake

Demographics
Economy
Religion|

* Malayalis
* Namboothiris
* Ambalavasis
* Samanthas
* Nairs
* Mappilas
* Thiyyas
* Saint Thomas Christians
* Kerala Iyers
* Ezhavas
* Cochin Jews
* Jainism in Kerala
* Pulayar
* Dravidians
* Adivasis
* Scheduled Tribes
* Kerala model
* Tourism
* Education
* colleges and universities

Culture|

* Arts
* Architecture
* Cuisine
* Kalarippayattu
* Literature
* Sarpam Thullal
* Triumvirate poets
* Vallam kali

Dance / Drama / Cinema|

* Kathakali
* Kolkali
* Koodiyattam
* Mohiniyattam
* Margamkali
* Ottamthullal
* Theyyam
* Cinema of Kerala

Festivals|

* Vishu
* Onam
* Pooram
* Eid al-Fitr
* Eid al-Adha
* Christmas

Languages|

* Malayalam
* Malayalam calendar
* Arabi Malayalam
* Suriyani Malayalam
* Judeo-Malayalam
* Irula language

Music|

* Chenda (Thayambaka)
* Kolkali
* Panchari melam
* Panchavadyam
* Sopanam

Organisations/Agencies|

* Nair Service Society
* Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
* Samastha
* Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1926–1989)
* Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1989–present)
* Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen
* Syro-Malabar Church

Tourism|

* Alappuzha
* Athirappilly Falls
* Beaches in Kerala
* Bekal
* Chembra Peak
* Kerala Backwaters
* Kollam
* Places of Interest in Malappuram
* Tourist attractions in Kannur
* Islands of Kollam
* Tourist attractions of Palakkad
* Kovalam
* Tourism in Kasaragod
* Munnar
* Muzhappilangad Beach
* Peruvanam
* List of tourist attractions in Kozhikode
* Estuaries of Paravur
* Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram
* Vallam kali
* Wayanad

India portal

* v
* t
* e

State of Kerala

Capital: Thiruvananthapuram

Districts|

* Thiruvananthapuram KL-01
* Kollam KL-02
* Pathanamthitta KL-03
* Alappuzha KL-04
* Kottayam KL-05
* Idukki KL-06
* Ernakulam KL-07
* Thrissur KL-08
* Palakkad KL-09
* Malappuram KL-10
* Kozhikode KL-11
* Wayanad KL-12
* Kannur KL-13
* Kasaragod KL-14

Topics|

* Arts
* Culture
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Film
* Geography
* Roads
* Ports
* History
* Wildlife
* Government
* Tourism
* Sports

Symbols|

Bird
Great hornbill
Animal
Indian elephant
Tree
Coconut
Flower
Golden rain
Fish
Karimeen
Fruit
Jackfruit
Insect
Papilio buddha

Taluks|

* Adoor
* Alathur
* Aluva
* Ambalappuzha
* Chalakudy
* Changanassery
* Chavakkad
* Chengannur
* Cherthala
* Chirayinkeezhu
* Chittur
* Devikulam
* Eranad
* Hosdurg
* Idukki
* Iritty
* Kanayannur
* Kanjirappally
* Kannur
* Karthikappally
* Karunagappalli
* Kasaragod
* Kattakada
* Kochi
* Kodungallur
* Kollam
* Kondotty
* Konni
* Kothamangalam
* Kottarakkara
* Kottayam
* Koyilandy
* Kozhencherry
* Kozhikode
* Kunnamkulam
* Kunnathunad
* Kunnathur
* Kuttanad
* Mallapally
* Mananthavady
* Manjeshwaram
* Mannarkkad
* Mavelikkara
* Meenachil
* Mukundapuram
* Muvattupuzha
* Nedumangad
* Neyyattinkara
* Nilambur
* North Paravur
* Ottapalam
* Palakkad
* Pathanapuram
* Pattambi
* Payyanur
* Peermade
* Perinthalmanna
* Ponnani
* Punalur
* Ranni
* Sultan Bathery
* Taliparamba
* Thalapilly
* Thalassery
* Thamarassery
* Thiruvalla
* Thiruvananthapuram
* Thodupuzha
* Thrissur
* Tirur
* Tirurangadi
* Udumbanchola
* Vaikom
* Varkala
* Vatakara
* Vellarikundu
* Vythiri

Municipal corporations|

* Thiruvananthapuram
* Kozhikode
* Kochi
* Kollam
* Thrissur
* Kannur

Municipalities|

* Adoor
* Anthoor
* Alappuzha
* Aluva
* Angamaly
* Attingal
* Chalakudy
* Changanassery
* Chavakkad
* Chengannur
* Cherthala
* Chittur-Thathamangalam
* Eloor
* Guruvayur
* Irinjalakuda
* Iritty
* Kalamassery
* Kalpetta
* Kanhangad
* Karunagappalli
* Kasaragod
* Kattappana
* Kayamkulam
* Kodungallur
* Kondotty
* Kuthuparamba
* Kothamangalam, Kerala
* Kottakkal
* Kottarakkara
* Kottayam
* Koyilandy
* Kunnamkulam
* Malappuram
* Manjeri
* Maradu
* Mattanur
* Mavelikkara
* Muvattupuzha
* Nedumangad
* Neyyattinkara
* Nilambur
* Nileshwaram
* North Paravur
* Ottapalam
* Pala
* Palakkad
* Panoor
* Parappanangadi
* Paravur
* Pathanamthitta
* Payyanur
* Perinthalmanna
* Perumbavoor
* Ponnani
* Punalur
* Shoranur
* Sreekandapuram
* Tanur
* Thalassery
* Taliparamba
* Thiruvalla
* Thodupuzha
* Thrikkakkara
* Thrippunithura
* Tirur
* Tirurangadi
* Valanchery
* Vatakara
* Vaikom
* Varkala

Other towns|

| North|

* Edappal
* Thavanur
* Puthanathani
* Kottakkal
* Angadipuram
* Mankada
* Kuttippuram
* Karipur
* Areekode
* Wandoor
* Vengara
* Vallikkunnu
* Olavanna
* Kunnamangalam
* Thamarassery
* Thiruvambady
* Kodencheri
* Balussery
* Perambra
* Nadapuram
* Kuttiady
* Lakkidi
* Vythiri
* Chundale
* Meppadi
* Kottappadi Part
* Muttil
* Padinharethara
* Meenangadi
* Panamaram
* Pulpally
* Peravoor
* Dharmadom
* Anjarakkandy
* Muzhappilangad
* Azhikode
* Cherukunnu
* Pappinisseri
* Kalliasseri
* Irikkur
* Alakode
* Thrikaripur
* Cheruvathur
* Bekal
* Udma
* Vellarikundu
* Parappa
* Karadka
* Kumbla
* Mangalpady
* Uppala
* Manjeshwar

|

Central|

* Peermade
* Vandiperiyar
* Kumily
* Rajakkad
* Munnar
* Devikulam
* Adimali
* Kolenchery
* Puthencruz
* Kunnathunad
* Kalady
* Malayattoor
* Chottanikkara
* Udayamperoor
* Varappuzha
* Sreemoolanagaram
* Nedumbassery
* Mala
* Kodakara
* Puthukkad
* Manaloor
* Pavaratty
* Chelakkara
* Vadakkencherry
* Alathur
* Nemmara
* Puthunagaram
* Malampuzha
* Sreekrishnapuram
* Lakkidi-Perur
* Thrithala

South|

* Parassala
* Balaramapuram
* Kattakada
* Chirayinkeezhu
* Kilimanoor
* Parippally
* Chathannoor
* Kottiyam
* Kundara
* Neendakara
* Chavara
* Oachira
* Sasthamkotta
* Kunnathur
* Anchal
* Kadakkal
* Pathanapuram
* Thenmala
* Kulathupuzha
* Kozhencherry
* Konni
* Ranni
* Mallapally
* Kumbanad
* Aranmula
* Kulanada
* Omallur
* Vadasserikara
* Parumala
* Mannar
* Charummoodu
* Ambalappuzha
* Mararikulam
* Aroor
* Kanjirappally
* Erumely
* Mundakayam
* Vazhoor
* Karukachal
* Pampady
* Puthuppally
* Kuravilangad
* Uzhavoor
* Thalayolaparambu
* Kaduthuruthy

Historical regions|

* Kolathunadu (Kingdom of Cannanore)
* Zamorin
* Malabar
* North Malabar
* South Malabar
* Cochin
* Venad (kingdom)
* Travancore
* Travancore–Cochin

India portal

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Government of Kerala

Capital: Thiruvananthapuram

Branches|

* Executive: (1) Governor of Kerala (2) Kerala Council of Ministers
* Legislature: Kerala Legislative Assembly
* Judiciary: Kerala High Court

India portal

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United Democratic Front (Kerala)

Members|

| National party|

* Indian National Congress

|

State parties|

* Indian Union Muslim League
* Kerala Congress
* Revolutionary Socialist Party

Registered unrecognised parties|

* All India Forward Bloc
* Bharatiya National Janata Dal
* Communist Marxist Party (John)
* Kerala Congress (Jacob)
* Nationalist Congress Kerala

Conveners|

* P. J. Joseph (1980-82)
* Oommen Chandy (1982-85, 2001-04)
* K. Sankaranarayanan (1985-2001)
* P. P. Thankachan (2004-18)
* Benny Behanan (2018-20)
* M. M. Hassan (2020-Incumbent)

Leaders|

| Congress (various)|

* K. Karunakaran
* A. K. Antony
* Oommen Chandy
* K. Sudhakaran
* V. D. Satheesan
* Ramesh Chennithala
* Shashi Tharoor
* K. Muraleedharan
* K. R. Narayanan
* Mullappally Ramachandran
* P. J. Kurien
* K. Sankaranarayanan
* P. P. Thankachan
* V. M. Sudheeran
* M. M. Hassan
* Vayalar Ravi
* K. C. Venugopal

|

Indian Union Muslim League|

* C. H. Mohammed Koya
* K. Avukader Kutty Naha
* E. Ahamed
* P. K. Kunhalikutty
* E. T. Mohammed Basheer

Kerala Congress (various)|

* K. M. Mani
* P. J. Joseph
* T. M. Jacob
* R. Balakrishna Pillai

Left-parties|

* M. V. Raghavan
* K. R. Gouri Amma
* N. K. Premachandran
* Shibu Baby John
* A. A. Aziz
* C. P. John
* Mani C. Kappan

In government|

* 1981–87 (K. Karunakaran)
* 1991–96 (K. Karunakaran and A. K. Antony)
* 2001–2006 (A. K. Antony and Oommen Chandy)
* 2011–16 (Oommen Chandy)

Kerala chief ministers|

* K. Karunakaran (1981–82, 1982–1987, 1991–95)
* A. K. Antony (1995–96, 2001–04)
* Oommen Chandy (2004–06, 2011–16)

| Kerala deputy chief ministers|

* C. H. Mohammed Koya (1981–83)
* K. Avukader Kutty Naha (1983-87)

|

Ministries|

* Second Karunakaran ministry (1981-82)
* Third Karunakaran ministry (1982-87)
* Fourth Karunakaran ministry (1991-95)
* Second Antony ministry (1995-96)
* Third Antony ministry (2001-04)
* First Chandy ministry (2004-06)
* Second Chandy ministry (2011-16)

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Left Democratic Front

Members|

| National Parties|

* Communist Party of India (Marxist)

|

State Parties|

* Communist Party of India
* Nationalist Congress Party
* Kerala Congress (M)
* Janata Dal (Secular)

Registered
Unrecognised
Parties|

* Kerala Congress (B)
* Congress (Secular)
* Indian National League
* Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)
* National Secular Conference
* Loktantrik Janata Dal
* Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy
* Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas)
* Janadhipathya Kerala Congress

Leaders|

* E. M. S. Namboodiripad
* E. K. Nayanar
* V. S. Achuthanandan
* Pinarayi Vijayan
* Kodiyeri Balakrishnan
* Prakash Karat
* S. Ramachandran Pillai
* M. B. Rajesh
* C. Achutha Menon
* Pannyan Raveendran
* Kanam Rajendran
* K. E. Ismail
* A. K. Saseendran
* Thomas Chandy
* K. Krishnankutty
* Mathew T. Thomas
* R. Balakrishna Pillai
* Kadannappalli Ramachandran
* P. T. A. Rahim
* M. P. Veerendra Kumar
* K. R. Gowri Amma
* Skaria Thomas
* Francis George

Chief Ministers of Kerala|

* E. K. Nayanar
* V. S. Achuthanandan
* Pinarayi Vijayan

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State governments of India

State governments|

* Andhra Pradesh
* Arunachal Pradesh
* Assam
* Bihar
* Chhattisgarh
* Goa
* Gujarat
* Haryana
* Himachal Pradesh
* Jharkhand
* Karnataka
* Kerala
* Madhya Pradesh
* Maharashtra
* Manipur
* Meghalaya
* Mizoram
* Nagaland
* Odisha
* Punjab
* Rajasthan
* Sikkim
* Tamil Nadu
* Telangana
* Tripura
* Uttar Pradesh
* Uttarakhand
* West Bengal

Union territories|

* Andaman and Nicobar Islands
* Chandigarh
* Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
* Delhi
* Jammu and Kashmir
* Ladakh
* Lakshadweep
* Puducherry

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