Governor of Texas

Chief Executive of the U.S. state of Texas

For a list, see List of governors of Texas.

Governor of Texas

Seal of the governor

Standard of the governor

Incumbent
Greg Abbott

since January 20, 2015

* Executive branch of the Texas government
* Office of the Governor of Texas

Style|

* Governor (informal)
* The Honorable (formal)
* His Excellency (courtesy)

Type|

* Head of state
* Head of government
* Commander-in-chief

Residence| Texas Governor's Mansion
Seat| Austin, Texas
Appointer| Popular vote
Term length| Four years, no term limit
Constituting instrument| Constitution of Texas
Precursor| President of the Republic of Texas
Formation| December 29, 1845
(179 years ago) (1845-12-29)
First holder| James Pinckney Henderson (1846)
Succession| Line of succession
Deputy| Lieutenant Governor of Texas
Salary| $153,750 (2019)[1]
Website| gov.texas.gov

Politics of Texas

Constitution and law

* Constitution of the United States

* Constitution of Texas

* Texas law

Executive

* Governor Greg Abbott (R)

* * *

* Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick (R)

* Attorney General Ken Paxton (R)

* Secretary of State John B. Scott (R)

* Comptroller of Public Accounts Glenn Hegar (R)

* Land Commissioner George P. Bush (R)

Legislature

* Texas Senate

*     * President Dan Patrick (R)

*     * President pro tempore Donna Campbell (R)

* * *

* Texas House of Representatives

*     * Speaker Dade Phelan (R)

*     * Speaker pro tempore (vacant)

Judiciary

* Texas Supreme Court

* Chief Justice Nathan Hecht (R)

* Justice Jimmy Blacklock (R)
* Justice Debra Lehrmann (R)
* Justice John P. Devine (R)
* Justice Rebeca Huddle (R)
* Justice Jane Bland (R)
* Justice Jeffrey S. Boyd (R)
* Justice J. Brett Busby (R)
* Justice Evan A. Young (R)

* * *

* Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

* Courts of Appeals
* District courts

Elections

* Elections
* Political parties
* Democratic Party
* Republican Party
* Green Party
* Libertarian Party
* Constitution Party of Texas
* National minor parties
* Political party strength

Divisions

* Administrative divisions
* Counties
* Cities and towns

Congressional delegation

* United States Senators

*     * John Cornyn (R)
* Ted Cruz (R)

* * *

* U.S. Representatives

*     * 1: Louie Gohmert (R)
* 2: Dan Crenshaw (R)
* 3: Van Taylor (R)
* 4: Pat Fallon (R)
* 5: Lance Gooden (R)
* 6: Jake Ellzey (R)
* 7: Lizzie Fletcher (D)
* 8: Kevin Brady (R)
* 9: Al Green (D)
* 10: Michael McCaul (R)
* 11: August Pfluger (R)
* 12: Kay Granger (R)
* 13: Ronny Jackson (R)
* 14: Randy Weber (R)
* 15: Vicente Gonzalez (D)
* 16: Veronica Escobar (D)
* 17: Pete Sessions (R)
* 18: Sheila Jackson Lee (D)
* 19: Jodey Arrington (R)
* 20: Joaquin Castro (D)
* 21: Chip Roy (R)
* 22: Troy Nehls (R)
* 23: Tony Gonzales (R)
* 24: Beth Van Duyne (R)
* 25: Roger Williams (R)
* 26: Michael C. Burgess (R)
* 27: Michael Cloud (R)
* 28: Henry Cuellar (D)
* 29: Sylvia Garcia (D)
* 30: Eddie Bernice Johnson (D)
* 31: John Carter (R)
* 32: Colin Allred (D)
* 33: Marc Veasey (D)
* 34: vacant
* 35: Lloyd Doggett (D)
* 36: Brian Babin (R)

* Politics of the United States
* Politics portal
* United States portal
* Texas portal

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The governor of Texas is the head of state of the U.S. state of Texas. The governor is the head of the executive branch of the government of Texas and is the commander-in-chief of the Texas Military Forces.

Established in the Constitution of Texas, the governor's responsibilities include ensuring the enforcement of state laws, the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Texas Legislature, overseeing state agencies, issuing executive orders, proposing and overseeing the state budget, and making key appointments to state offices. The governor also has the power to call special sessions of the legislature and, with the recommendation of the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles, grant pardons.

## Qualifications

[edit]

Article IV, Section 4 of the Constitution of Texas sets three qualifications for candidates for governor of Texas:[2]

* Be at least 30 years old;
* Be a citizen of the United States;
* Be a resident of Texas for at least five years preceding the election.

## Oath of Office and Election

[edit]

Governors of Texas are directly elected by registered voters in Texas and serve terms of four years, with no term limits. Before executing the powers of the office, a governor is required to recite the oath of office as found in Article XVI, Section 1 of the Constitution of Texas:

> I, _______________________, do solemnly swear (or affirm), that I will faithfully execute the duties of the office of governor of the State of Texas, and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States and of this State, so help me God.[3]

Incoming Texas governors take office on the third Tuesday of January following an election.

## Removal of a governor from office

[edit]

The Texas governor can be impeached by the State House of Representatives for committing treason, bribery, or any other high crime or misdemeanor. Once the governor is impeached, the case is forwarded to the State Senate for trial. A two-thirds majority vote in the Senate is required to remove the governor from office. Unlike other states, Texas does not have a provision in the state constitution that allows voters to petition for a recall election to remove the governor.[4]

## Historical development

[edit]

The state's first constitution in 1845[5] established the office of governor, to serve for two years, but no more than four years out of every six (essentially a limit of no more than two consecutive terms).[6] The 1861 secessionist[7] constitution set the term start date at the first Monday in the November following the election.[8] The 1866 constitution,[9] adopted just after the American Civil War, increased terms to 4 years, but no more than 8 years out of every 12, and moved the start date to the first Thursday after the organization of the legislature, or "as soon thereafter as practicable".[10] The Reconstruction-era constitution of 1869 removed the limit on terms,[11] Texas remains one of 16 states, territory or jurisdiction (including the U.S. Territory of Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) [12] with no gubernatorial term limits. The present constitution of 1876 shortened terms back to two years,[13] but a 1972 amendment increased it to four years again.[14]

The gubernatorial election is held every four years on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November that does not coincide with the presidential elections. All gubernatorial elections have been a part of the midterm elections since the 1974 election, invalidating the latter. The governor is sworn in every four years along with the lieutenant governor.

Despite the lack of term limits, no Texas governor in the 19th or 20th century ever served more than seven and a half consecutive years in office (Allan Shivers) or eight years total service (Bill Clements, in two non-consecutive four-year terms). Former governor Rick Perry, who served from 2000 to 2015, surpassed both these records, becoming the first Texas governor to serve three consecutive four-year terms. When Perry won the general election on November 2, 2010, he joined Shivers, Price Daniel, and John Connally as the only Texas governors elected to three terms (the terms served by governors Shivers, Daniel, and Connally were two-year terms). On November 8, 2022, current governor Greg Abbott was re-elected and became the fifth Texas governor to serve three terms following Shivers, Daniel, Connally and Perry. In case of a vacancy in the office of governor, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[15] This rule was added only in a 1999[16] amendment, prior to which the lieutenant governor only acted as governor, except during the time of the 1861 constitution, which said that the lieutenant governor would be styled "Governor of the State of Texas" in case of vacancy.[17]

## Executive powers

[edit]

Texas utilizes a plural executive government where no single government official is solely responsible for the Executive Branch.[18] The Texas governor has a very minimal control over the Legislative Budget Board. The Lieutenant Governor and Speaker of the House manages the state's budget.[19]

## Official residence and workplace

[edit]

Main article: Texas Governor's Mansion

The Texas Governor's Mansion in Austin, Texas.

The official residence of the Texas governor is the Texas Governor's Mansion, in Austin. The mansion was built in 1854[20] and has been the home of every governor since 1856.[21] It is also one of the official workplaces for the governor.

The governor's primary official workplace is located within the Texas State Capitol in Austin.[22]

## Timeline

[edit]

Timeline of Texas governors

## Striking Governors

[edit]

See also: Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States § Texas

The governor of Texas line of succession is set by Article IV, Sections 3a and 16–18 of the Constitution of Texas[23] and Chapter 401.023 of Title 4 the Texas Gov't Code.[24]

No. | Office  | Current officeholder  | Party

|
|
|

1  | Lieutenant Governor | Dan Patrick |  | Republican
2  | President pro tempore of the Senate | Brandon Creighton |  | Republican
3  | Speaker of the House of Representatives | Dustin Burrows |  | Republican
4  | Attorney General | Ken Paxton |  | Republican
Chief Justices of the Texas Courts of Appeals, in numerical order
5  | 1st Court of Appeals (Houston)  | Terry Adams |  | Republican
6  | 2nd Court of Appeals (Fort Worth)  | Bonnie Sudderth |  | Republican
7  | 3rd Court of Appeals (Austin)  | Darlene Byrne |  | Democratic
8  | 4th Court of Appeals (San Antonio)  | Rebeca Martinez |  | Democratic
9  | 5th Court of Appeals (Dallas)  | Robert Burns III |  | Democratic
10  | 6th Court of Appeals (Texarkana)  | Josh Morriss |  | Republican
11  | 7th Court of Appeals (Amarillo)  | Brian Quinn |  | Republican
12  | 8th Court of Appeals (El Paso)  | Jeff Alley |  | Republican
13  | 9th Court of Appeals (Beaumont)  | Scott Golemon |  | Republican
14  | 10th Court of Appeals (Waco)  | Tom Gray |  | Republican
15  | 11th Court of Appeals (Eastland)  | John M. Bailey |  | Republican
16  | 12th Court of Appeals (Tyler)  | Jim Worthen |  | Republican
17  | 13th Court of Appeals (Corpus Christi)  | Dori Contreras |  | Democratic
18  | 14th Court of Appeals (Houston)  | Tracy Christopher |  | Republican

## See also

[edit]

* Texas portal

* List of Texas governors and presidents
* List of presidents of the Republic of Texas
* Lieutenant Governor of Texas
* List of Texas state agencies

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "CSG Report on 2019 Governor Salaries" (PDF). The Council of State Governments. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 7, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
2. ^ "Qualifications for All Public Offices". www.sos.state.tx.us. Archived from the original on July 5, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
3. ^ "THE TEXAS CONSTITUTION ARTICLE 16. GENERAL PROVISIONS". statutes.capitol.texas.gov. Retrieved April 28, 2025.
4. ^ "THE TEXAS CONSTITUTION ARTICLE 15. IMPEACHMENT". statutes.capitol.texas.gov. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
5. ^ Admin, Tarlton. "Tarlton Law Library: Constitution of Texas (1845): Article V: Executive Department". tarlton.law.utexas.edu. Retrieved April 28, 2025.
6. ^ 1845 Const. Art V sec 4
7. ^ Admin, Tarlton. "Tarlton Law Library: Constitution of Texas (1861): Article V: Executive Department". tarlton.law.utexas.edu. Retrieved April 28, 2025.
8. ^ 1861 Const. art V sec 12
9. ^ Admin, Tarlton. "Tarlton Law Library: Constitution of Texas (1866): Article V: Executive Department". tarlton.law.utexas.edu. Retrieved April 28, 2025.
10. ^ 1866 Const. art V sec 4
11. ^ 1869 Const. Art IV sec 4
12. ^ Executive Branch Archived 2011-06-29 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 23-October-2008
13. ^ TX Const. Art IV sec 4
14. ^ Texas Politics - The Executive Branch Archived 2009-02-11 at the Wayback Machine. Texaspolitics.laits.utexas.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
15. ^ TX Const. art IV sec 16 graf d
16. ^ The Texas Constitution, Article 4, Section 16; https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CN/htm/CN.4.htm
17. ^ 1861 Const art V sec 12
18. ^ "Texas Government 1.0, The Executive Branch, The Texas Plural Executive". OER Commons. Retrieved April 28, 2025.
19. ^ "Legislative Reference Library | Legislation | State Budget". lrl.texas.gov. Retrieved April 28, 2025.
20. ^ Association, Texas State Historical. "History of the Texas Governor's Mansion". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved April 28, 2025.
21. ^ "Texas Governor's Mansion". gov.texas.gov. Retrieved April 28, 2025.
22. ^ "Governor's Office". www.thestoryoftexas.com. Retrieved April 28, 2025.
23. ^ "THE TEXAS CONSTITUTION ARTICLE 4. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT". statutes.capitol.texas.gov. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
24. ^ "Section 401.023 — Succession". Texas Legislature. Retrieved August 23, 2019.

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U.S. senators|

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* Greg Abbott, Governor
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* Dan Patrick, President
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* Dustin Burrows, Speaker
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Supreme Court|

* Jimmy Blacklock, Chief Justice
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Court of Criminal Appeals|

* David Schenck, Presiding Judge
* Bert Richardson
* Kevin Yeary
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* Mary Lou Keel
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