Grand Slam (tennis)

Tennis term for winning all four major championships

Tennis

* Grand Slam tournaments
* ATP Tour
* ATP Finals
* ATP 1000
* ATP 500
* ATP 250
* ATP Challenger
* ATP rankings
* WTA Tour
* WTA Finals
* WTA 1000
* WTA 500
* WTA 250
* WTA 125
* WTA rankings
* Team competitions
* Men's
* Davis Cup
* Laver Cup
* Women's
* Billie Jean King Cup
* Mixed
* Hopman Cup
* United Cup
* ITF Men's Circuit
* ITF Women's Circuit
* ITF Wheelchair's Circuit
* Wheelchair Tennis Masters
* Summer Olympics
* Summer Paralympics

* v
* t
* e

The Grand Slam in tennis is the achievement of winning all four major championships in one discipline in a calendar year. In doubles, a Grand Slam may be achieved as a team or as an individual with different partners. Winning all four major championships consecutively but not within the same calendar year is referred to as a "non-calendar-year Grand Slam", while winning the four majors at any point during the course of a career is known as a "Career Grand Slam".[1][2]

The term Grand Slam is also attributed to the Grand Slam tournaments, referred to as Majors, and they are the world's four most important annual professional tennis tournaments. They offer the most ranking points, prize money, public and media attention, the greatest strength and size of the field and, in recent years, the longest matches for men (best of five sets, best of three for the women). The tournaments are overseen by the International Tennis Federation (ITF),[3] rather than the separate men's and women's tour organizing bodies, the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and Women's Tennis Association (WTA), but both the ATP and WTA award ranking points based on players' performances in them.[4]

The four Grand Slam tournaments are the Australian Open in January, the French Open from late May to early June, Wimbledon in late June to early July, and the US Open in late August to early September, with each played over two weeks. The Australian and the United States tournaments are played on hard courts, the French on clay, and Wimbledon on grass. Wimbledon is the oldest tournament, founded in 1877, followed by the US in 1881, the French in 1891 (major in 1925), and the Australian in 1905, but it was not until 1923 that all four were designated as "Official Championships".[5]

## History

[edit]

US Open

Wimbledon

French Open

Australian Open

The locations of the four major championships.

With the growing popularity of tennis, and with the hopes of unifying the sport's rules internationally,[5] the British and French tennis associations started discussions at their Davis Cup tie, and in October 1912 organized a meeting in Paris, joined by the Australasian, Austrian, Belgian, Spanish, and Swiss associations.[6] They subsequently formed the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF), holding their first meeting in 1913, joined by the Danish, German, Dutch, Russian, South African, and Swedish organizations.[7] Voting rights were divided based on the perceived importance of the individual countries, with Great Britain's Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) receiving the maximum six votes.[8] Three tournaments were established, being designated as "World Championships":

* World Grass Court Championships, played on grass courts.
* World Hard Court Championships, played on clay courts.
* World Covered Court Championships, played on an indoor wood surface.[9]

The LTA was given the perpetual right to organize the World Grass Court Championships, to be held at Wimbledon, and France received permission to stage the World Hard Court Championships until 1916.[10] Anthony Wilding of New Zealand won all three of these World Championships in 1913.[11]

The United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) expressed disagreement over the power distribution within the ILTF and the designation of "World Championship" status to the British and French tournaments, and thus initially refused to join the Federation, choosing instead to be bystanders to their meetings.[12][7] By the 1920s, with the World Covered Court Championships failing to attract top players and the growing success of American and Australian tennis, the ILTF worked to convince the USNLTA to join them, meeting their demand to drop the designation of "World Championships" from all three tournaments in March 1923, which led to the demise of both the World Covered Court Championships and the World Hard Court Championships.[9][13] A new category of "Official Championships" was created for the national championships of Britain, France, Australia, and the US.[14][15] By the 1930s, these four tournaments had become well defined as the most prestigious in the sport.[16]

In 1933, Jack Crawford won the Australian, French, and Wimbledon Championships, leaving him just needing to win the last major event of the year, the U.S. Championships, to become the reigning champion of all four major tournaments,[17] a feat described as "a grand slam" by sports columnist Alan J. Gould of The Reading Eagle,[18] and later that year by John Kieran of The New York Times, who stated that if Crawford won at Forest Hills it "would be something like scoring a grand slam on the courts, doubled and vulnerable."[19][20] The term 'Grand Slam' originates from the card game contract bridge, where it is used for winning all possible tricks. In golf it was used for the first time to describe a total of four wins, specifically Bobby Jones' achievement of winning the four major golf tournaments of the era, which he accomplished in 1930.[20] "Grand Slam" or "Slam" has since also become used to refer to the tournaments individually.[4] The first player to win all four majors in a calendar year and thus complete a Grand Slam was Don Budge in 1938.[21]

At the time, only amateur players were allowed to participate in the Grand Slam and other ILTF-sanctioned tournaments.[22] Amateur standing, regulated by the ILTF alongside its associated national federations, forbade players from receiving prize money, earning pay by teaching tennis, being contracted by promoters and playing paid exhibition matches, though expense payments were allowed along with certain monies from sporting goods companies or other benefactors.[22] Amateurs who "defected" to become professional were banned from competing in amateur tournaments and dropped from their national associations. The first major professional tour was established in 1926 by promoter C. C. Pyle with a troupe of American and French players, most notably Suzanne Lenglen, playing exhibition matches to paying audiences.[22][23]

Over the next decades many other head-to-head tours were run and professional tournaments established,[24] with three, the U.S. Pro Tennis Championships, French Pro Championship and Wembley Championships, standing out, and considered to have been the professional majors.[25] By the 1950s, largely due to efforts of player/promoter Jack Kramer, this lucrative parallel circuit was luring in most of the star amateurs on the men's side, much to the ire of the ILTF and organizers of the Grand Slam tournaments.[26] It was an open secret that the top players who remained as amateurs were receiving undeclared under-the-table payments from tournament promoters, an arrangement tolerated by their national tennis associations to dissuade them from joining the pro ranks and secure their availability for the majors and Davis Cup. This system was derisively referred to as 'shamateurism'[27] that was seen as undermining the integrity of the sport.[28] Ramanathan Krishnan and Roy Emerson, for example declined large contract offers from the professional promoters, with the latter stating that he was better paid in the amateur circuit.[29]

Tensions over this status quo, which had been building for decades, finally came to a head in 1967. The first tournament open to professional tennis players played on Centre Court at Wimbledon, the Wimbledon Pro, was staged by the All England Lawn Tennis Club in August,[30] offering a prize fund of US$45,000.[31] The tournament was deemed very successful, with packed crowds and the play seen as being of higher quality than the amateur-only Wimbledon final held two weeks earlier.[32][33] This success in combination with large signings of top players to two new professional tours—World Championship Tennis and the National Tennis League—convinced the LTA on the need for open tennis.[28] After a British proposal for this at the annual ILTF meeting was voted down, the LTA revolted, and in its own annual meeting in December it voted overwhelmingly to admit players of all statuses to the 1968 Wimbledon Championships and other future tournaments in Britain, "come hell or high water".[34] The eventual backing of the USNLTA that came after a February 1968 vote forced the ILTF to yield and allow each nation to determine its own legislation regarding amateur and professional players, which it voted for in a special meeting in March 1968.[35] This marked the start of the Open Era of tennis,[28] with its first tournament, the 1968 British Hard Court Championships, beginning three weeks later on 22 April in Bournemouth, England,[36] while the first open Grand Slam tournament, the 1968 French Open, was held in May.[28]

Even after the advent of the Open Era, players including John McEnroe and Chris Evert have pointed out that skipping the Australian Open was the norm because of the travelling distance involved and the inconvenient dates close to Christmas and New Year.[37][38] There were also the contracted professional players who had to skip some major events like the French Open in the 1970s because they were committed to the more profitable pro circuits.[38][39] In one case, Australian players including Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall and Roy Emerson who had contracts with George MacCall's National Tennis League were prevented from participating in the 1970 Australian Open because the financial guarantees were deemed insufficient.[40]

Although it has been possible to complete a Grand Slam in most years and most disciplines since 1925, it was not possible from 1940 to 1945 because of interruptions at Wimbledon, the Australian and French Championships due to World War II,[41] the years from 1970 to 1985 when there was no Australian tournament in mixed doubles,[42] 1986 when there was no Australian Open,[42] and 2020 when Wimbledon was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[43]

## Tournaments

[edit]

The Grand Slam of tennis comprises these four major tournaments:

Event  | Editions  | Began  | Venue  | Surface  | Draw sizes  | Format  | Deciding set rule  | Date
(2 weeks)  | Prize money

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Australian Open[a] | 113  | 1905[b] | Melbourne Park,
Melbourne  | Hard[c] | Men's & women's events

* 128: singles
* 64: doubles
* 32: mixed doubles
* 16: mixed doubles (US Open)
* 16: wheelchair singles
* 8: wheelchair doubles

Junior events

* 64 singles, 32 doubles

Best of five sets:

* Men's singles

Best of three sets:

* Women's singles
* Doubles events
* Wheelchair events
* Junior events

| 10-point tiebreaker at 6–6 (since 2019)
7-point tiebreaker at 6–6 (1980–1982)[44] | 12–26 Jan 2025  | A$96,500,000[45]
French Open[d] | 95  | 1925[e] | Stade Roland Garros,
Paris  | Clay | 10-point tiebreaker at 6–6 (since 2022)  | 25 May−
8 Jun 2025  | €56,352,000[46]
Wimbledon[f] | 137  | 1877[g] | All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club,
London  | Grass | 10-point tiebreaker at 6–6 (since 2022),
7-point tiebreaker at 12–12 (2019–2021)  | 30 June–
13 Jul 2025  | £53,550,000[47]
US Open[h] | 144  | 1881[i] | USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center,
New York City  | Hard[j] | 10-point tiebreaker at 6–6 (since 2022),
7-point tiebreaker at 6–6 (1975–2021),
5-point sudden death tiebreaker at 6-6 (1970–1974) | 26 Aug−
8 Sep 2024  | US$65,000,020[48]

### Australian Open

[edit]

Main article: Australian Open

Rod Laver Arena, Melbourne Park.

The Australian Open is the first Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late January and early February.[k][49] The inaugural edition took place in November 1905 on the grass courts of the Warehouseman's Cricket Ground in Melbourne, Australia. It was held as the Australasian Championships until 1927 and thereafter as the Australian Championships until the onset of the Open Era in 1969,[50] passing through various venues in Australia and New Zealand before settling at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club in Melbourne between 1972 and 1987.[51] Since 1988, it has been played on the hard courts of the Melbourne Park sports complex, which currently uses GreenSet as its court manufacturer.[52]

Managed by Tennis Australia, formerly the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia (LTAA), the tournament struggled until the mid-1980s to attract the top international players due to its distance from Europe and America and proximity to the Christmas and holiday season,[53][54] but it has since grown to become one of the biggest sporting events in the Southern Hemisphere and the highest attended Grand Slam tournament, with more than 1,020,000 people attending the 2024 edition.[55] Nicknamed the "Happy Slam"[56] and billed as "the Grand Slam of Asia/Pacific",[57] it has become known for its modernity and innovation, being the first Grand Slam tournament to feature indoor play and install retractable roofs on its main courts,[58] the first to schedule night-time men's singles finals,[59] and the first to substitute electronic line calling for line judges, using an expanded version of the Hawk-Eye technology known as "Hawk-Eye Live".[60]

The tournament was designated a major championship by the International Lawn Tennis Federation in 1923.[61] Today its draw hosts 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams, and 32 mixed doubles teams, with the total prize money for the 2025 tournament being A$96,500,000.[62]

### French Open

[edit]

Main article: French Open

Court Philippe Chatrier, Stade Roland Garros.

The French Open, also known as Roland Garros,[63][64] is the second Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late May and early June.[65] A French championships closed event (restricted to members of French clubs)[66] was first held in 1891 on the sand courts of the Societé de Sport de Île de Puteaux, in Puteaux, Île-de-France,[67][l] and changed venues over the years. In 1925 the French championships became a Grand Slam event for the first time. It was open to all amateurs and since 1928 has been held on clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France.[66][69] The venue is named "Roland Garros" after the pioneering French aviator.[66]

Organized by the Fédération française de tennis (FFT), formerly known as the Fédération Française de Lawn Tennis until 1976,[70] the French Open is the only Grand Slam tournament played on a red clay surface.[71] It is generally considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world.[72][73]

The World Hard Court Championships was considered the premier clay championship in France from 1912–1923 (apart from one year held in Belgium) as it admitted international competitors, and it is therefore often seen as the true precursor to the French Open before 1925.[13][74] The French championships was first held as an International Lawn Tennis Federation–sanctioned major championship in 1925.[75]

Today, it has draws that host 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams and 32 mixed doubles teams, with the total prize money for the 2025 tournament being €56,352,000.[46] The 2018 edition saw a record attendance of 480,575 spectators.[76]

### Wimbledon

[edit]

Main article: Wimbledon Championships

Centre Court, All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club.

The Wimbledon Championships, commonly known as Wimbledon,[77] is the third Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late June and early July.[78] It was first held in 1877 at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, at the time located off Nursery Road in Wimbledon, London, England.[79] The tournament has always been contested at this club, which moved to its present site off Church Road in 1922 in order to increase its attendance capacity.[80]

Wimbledon is organized by a committee of management consisting of nineteen members, with twelve being club members and the remaining seven nominated by the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA).[81][82] As the world's oldest tennis event,[83] it is widely regarded as the most prestigious tennis tournament,[84] and it is known for its commitment to longstanding traditions and guidelines.[85] It is one of few tournaments and the only Grand Slam event that is still played on grass courts,[86] tennis's original surface, and where "lawn tennis" originated in the 1800s.[87] Players are required to wear all-white attire during matches,[88] and they are referred to as "Gentlemen" and "Ladies".[89] There is also a tradition where the players are asked to bow or curtsy towards the Royal Box upon entering or leaving Centre Court when either the Prince of Wales or the monarch are present.[90]

The tournament was given the title "World Grass Court Championships" by the International Lawn Tennis Federation between 1912 and 1923,[91] and was designated a major championship following the abolition of the three ILTF World Championships.[61] Since 1937, the BBC has broadcast the tournament on television in the United Kingdom,[92] with the finals shown live and in full on television in the country each year.[93] The BBC's broadcast of the 1967 edition was among the first colour television broadcasts in the UK.[94]

Today, the event has draws that host 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams and 32 mixed doubles teams, with the total prize money for the 2025 tournament being £53,500,000,[95] and 500,397 people attending the 2019 edition.[96] The tournament has some of the longest running sponsorships in sports history, having been associated with Slazenger since 1902,[97] and with the Robinsons fruit drink brand since 1935.[98]

### US Open

[edit]

Main article: US Open (tennis)

Arthur Ashe Stadium, USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center.

The US Open is the fourth and final Grand Slam tournament of the year, played annually in late August and early September. It was first held in August 1881 on grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island, United States.[99] The tournament changed venues in its early years,[100] with each discipline continuing to be held separately at various venues until 1923, when the tournament settled at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens, New York City.[100] In 1978, it moved to the hardcourts of the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, where it has been contested ever since.[100][101]

Organized by the United States Tennis Association (USTA),[102] previously known as the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) until 1920,[103] and as United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) until 1975,[104] it is the only Grand Slam tournament to have been played every year since its inception.[105] In 1997, Arthur Ashe Stadium, the largest tennis stadium in the world with a capacity of 23,771 spectators,[106][107] was opened.[108] It is named after Arthur Ashe, the winner of the 1968 tournament—the first in which professionals were allowed to compete.[109]

Over the years, the tournament has pioneered changes that other tournaments later adopted, including the introduction of a tiebreak system to decide the outcome of sets tied at 6–6 in 1970,[7] being the first Grand Slam tournament to award equal prize money to the men's and women's events in 1975,[7] the installation of floodlights in 1975 in order to allow matches to be played at night,[110] and the introduction of instant replay reviews of line calls using the Hawk-Eye computer system in 2006.[111]

The ILTF officially designated it as a major tournament in 1923.[9] Today, the event has draws that host 256 singles players, 128 doubles teams and 32 mixed doubles teams, with the total prize money for the 2020 tournament being US$53,400,000,[112] and a US television viewership of 700,000.[113][114] From 2004–2023, the tournament was preceded by the US Open Series, composed of North American hardcourt professional tournaments that lead up to and culminate with the US Open itself.[115] The season was organized by the USTA as a way to focus more attention on American tennis tournaments by getting more of them on domestic television.[48]

## Grand Slam

[edit]

This section may contain an excessive number of citations. Please help improve it by removing low-quality or irrelevant citations. (August 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

A Grand Slam (sometimes called a Calendar-year Grand Slam, Calendar Grand Slam, or Calendar Slam) is the achievement of winning the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open in the same year.[116][117][118] Margaret Court is the only player to complete a Grand Slam in two disciplines, singles and mixed doubles (twice), while wheelchair players Diede de Groot and Dylan Alcott have completed one in both the singles and doubles disciplines of their respective classes.[1]

The following is a list of players that achieved it.[1]

* Don Budge, men's singles in 1938.

* Maureen Connolly, women's singles in 1953.

* Rod Laver, men's singles in 1962 and 1969.

* Margaret Court, women's singles in 1970.

* Steffi Graf, women's singles in 1988.

AU Australian Open | WB Wimbledon

|

FR French Open | US US Open

Able-bodied tennis  No.  | Year  | Player  | Discipline  | Major  | Notes  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | 1938  |  Don Budge | Men's singles | AU | FR | WB | US | [m] | [119]
2  | 1951  |  Ken McGregor | Men's doubles | AU  | FR  | WB | US  | [n] | [120]
Frank Sedgman | [o]
4  | 1953  |  Maureen Connolly | Women's singles | AU | FR | WB | US | [m] | [121]
5  | 1960  |  Maria Bueno | Women's doubles | AU  | FR  | WB | US  | [p] |
6  | 1962  |  Rod Laver | Men's singles  | AU | FR | WB | US |  | [122]
7  | 1963  |  Margaret Court | Mixed doubles | AU  | FR  | WB | US  | [q] | [123]
Ken Fletcher | [m]
9  | 1965  |  Margaret Court (2) | Mixed doubles  | AU  | FR  | WB | US | [r] |
10  | 1967  |  Owen Davidson | Mixed doubles  | AU | FR  | WB | US  | [s] | [124]
11  | 1969  |  Rod Laver (2) | Men's singles  | AU | FR | WB | US |  | [125]
12  | 1970  |  Margaret Court (3) | Women's singles  | AU | FR | WB | US | [m] | [126]
13  | 1983  |  Stefan Edberg | Boys' singles | FR  | WB | US  | AU  |  | [127]
14  | 1984  |  Martina Navratilova | Women's doubles  | FR | WB | US | AU | [t] | [128]
Pam Shriver
16  | 1988  |  Steffi Graf | Women's singles  | AU | FR | WB | US | [u] | [129]
17  | 1998  |  Martina Hingis | Women's doubles  | AU | FR | WB | US | [v] | [130]

Wheelchair tennis  No.  | Year  | Player  | Discipline  | Major  | Notes  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | 2009  |  Esther Vergeer | WC women's doubles | AU | FR | WB | US | [w] |
Korie Homan |
3  | 2011  |  Esther Vergeer (2) | WC women's doubles  | AU | FR | WB | US | [x] |
Sharon Walraven | [n]
5  | 2013  |  Aniek van Koot | WC women's doubles  | AU | FR | WB | US |  | [131]
Jiske Griffioen |
7  | 2014  |  Stéphane Houdet | WC men's doubles | AU | FR | WB | US | [y] | [132]
8  | 2014  |  Yui Kamiji | WC women's doubles  | AU | FR | WB | US | [u] | [133]
Jordanne Whiley
10  | 2019  |  Aniek van Koot (2) | WC women's doubles  | AU | FR | WB | US |  | [134]
Diede de Groot | [z]
12  | 2019  |  Dylan Alcott | WC quad doubles | AU | FR | WB | US | [aa] | [135]
13  | 2021  |  Alfie Hewett | WC men's doubles  | AU | FR | WB | US | [ab] | [136]
Gordon Reid
15  | 2021  |  Diede de Groot (2) | WC women's singles | AU | FR | WB | US |  | [137]
16  | 2021  |  Dylan Alcott (2) | WC quad singles | AU | FR | WB | US |  | [138]
17  | 2022  |  Diede de Groot (3) | WC women's singles  | AU | FR | WB | US | [ac] | [137]
18  | 2023  |  Diede de Groot (4) | WC women's singles  | AU | FR | WB | US | [ad] | [139]

## Current champions

[edit]

Event  | Australian Open | French Open | Wimbledon | US Open

|
|
|
|

2025 | 2025 | 2025 | 2024
Singles  | Men |  Jannik Sinner |  Carlos Alcaraz |  Jannik Sinner |  Jannik Sinner
Women |  Madison Keys |  Coco Gauff |  Iga Świątek |  Aryna Sabalenka[ae]
Doubles  | Men |  Harri Heliövaara
Henry Patten |  Marcel Granollers
Horacio Zeballos |  Julian Cash
Lloyd Glasspool |  Max Purcell
Jordan Thompson
Women |  Kateřina Siniaková
Taylor Townsend |  Sara Errani
Jasmine Paolini |  Veronika Kudermetova[ae]
Elise Mertens |  Lyudmyla Kichenok
Jeļena Ostapenko
Mixed |  Olivia Gadecki
John Peers |  Sara Errani
Andrea Vavassori |  Kateřina Siniaková
Sem Verbeek |  Sara Errani
Andrea Vavassori
Wheelchair singles  | Men |  Alfie Hewett |  Tokito Oda |  Tokito Oda |  Alfie Hewett[af]
Women |  Yui Kamiji |  Yui Kamiji |  Wang Ziying |  Diede de Groot[af]
Quad |  Sam Schröder |  Guy Sasson |  Niels Vink |  Sam Schröder[af]
Wheelchair doubles  | Men |  Alfie Hewett
Gordon Reid |  Alfie Hewett
Gordon Reid |  Martín de la Puente
Ruben Spaargaren |  Stéphane Houdet
Takashi Sanada[af]
Women |  Li Xiaohui
Wang Ziying |  Yui Kamiji
Kgothatso Montjane |  Li Xiaohui
Wang Ziying |  Yui Kamiji
Kgothatso Montjane[af]
Quad |  Andy Lapthorne
Sam Schröder |  Guy Sasson
Niels Vink |  Guy Sasson
Niels Vink |  Sam Schröder
Niels Vink[af]
Junior
singles  | Boys |  Henry Bernet |  Niels McDonald |  Ivan Ivanov |  Rafael Jódar
Girls |  Wakana Sonobe |  Lilli Tagger |  Mia Pohánková |  Mika Stojsavljevic
Junior
doubles  | Boys |  Maxwell Exsted
Jan Kumstát |  Oskari Paldanius
Alan Ważny |  Oskari Paldanius
Alan Ważny |  Maxim Mrva
Rei Sakamoto
Girls |  Annika Penickova
Kristina Penickova |  Eva Bennemann
Sonja Zhenikhova |  Kristina Penickova
Vendula Valdmannová |  Malak El Allami
Emily Sartz-Lunde
Junior
wheelchair singles  | Boys |  Charlie Cooper |  Maximilian Taucher | not held  |  Charlie Cooper
Girls |  Vitória Miranda |  Vitória Miranda | not held  |  Yuma Takamuro
Junior
wheelchair doubles  | Boys |  Luiz Calixto
Charlie Cooper |  Charlie Cooper
Maximilian Taucher | not held  |  Ivar van Rijt
Benjamin Wenzel
Girls |  Luna Gryp
Vitória Miranda |  Luna Gryp
Vitória Miranda | not held  |  Rio Okano
Yuma Takamuro

### Former champions

[edit]

#### Per discipline

[edit]

Professional

* Men's singles (Chronological)
* Women's singles (Chronological)
* Men's doubles
* Women's doubles
* Mixed doubles

Junior

* Boys' singles
* Girls' singles
* Boys' doubles
* Girls' doubles

Wheelchair

* Men's singles
* Women's singles
* Quad singles
* Men's doubles
* Women's doubles
* Quad doubles

Junior Wheelchair

* Boys' singles
* Girls' singles
* Boys' doubles
* Girls' doubles

|
|
|

#### Singles finals

[edit]

* Men
* Women

## Related concepts

[edit]

### Non-calendar-year Grand Slam

[edit]

In 1982, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) began offering a $1 million bonus to any singles player to win the four majors consecutively regardless the tournaments order of winning them while the Men's International Professional Tennis Council, which was the governing body of men's professional tennis at the time, stated that 'Grand Slam' need not necessarily be won in the same year. This revision by the Council and reportedly the ITF[141] was approved by the representatives of the four Grand Slam tournaments at Wimbledon.[142][143] Neil Amdur and Allison Danzig of the New York Times both criticised the changed definition of the term Grand Slam,[143] whereas in 1985 Hal Bock of Associated Press backed the change.[144] Despite newspaper reports claiming that ITF President Philippe Chatrier had said "the four big events no longer have to be won in the same calendar year for a player to be recognized as Grand Slam champion",[141] ITF General Secretary David Gray in a 1983 letter claimed that it was never the intention of ITF to alter anything regarding the definition of the classic Grand Slam:[145]

> There seems to be some confusion. The ITF's only initiative in this matter has been the organisation of the offer of a bonus of $1 million to any player who holds all four Grand Slam titles simultaneously ... Despite all that we have read on this matter, it has never been my Committee of Management's intention to alter the basis of the classic Grand Slam i.e., the capture of all four titles in a year.

When Martina Navratilova won the 1984 French Open and became the reigning champion of all four women's singles discipline, she was the first player to receive the bonus prize in recognition of her achievement. Some media outlets said that she had won a Grand Slam.[146][147] Curry Kirkpatrick of Sports Illustrated wrote "Whether the Slam was Grand or Bland or a commercial sham tainted with an asterisk the size of a tennis ball, Martina Navratilova finally did it."[148]

When Rafael Nadal was on the verge of completing a non-calendar-year Grand Slam at the 2011 Australian Open, one writer observed, "Most traditionalists insist that the 'Grand Slam' should refer only to winning all four titles in a calendar year, although the constitution of the International Tennis Federation, the sports governing body, spells out that 'players who hold all four of these titles at the same time achieve the Grand Slam'."[149] In 2012 the ambiguity was resolved, with the ITF's current constitution stating "The Grand Slam titles are the championships of Australia, France, the United States of America and Wimbledon. Players who hold all four of these titles in one calendar year achieve the 'Grand Slam'."[1]

Combining the Grand Slam and the non-calendar-year Grand Slam, only eight singles players on 11 occasions achieved the feat of being the reigning champion of all four majors, three men (Don Budge, Rod Laver, Novak Djokovic)[150] and five women (Maureen Connolly, Margaret Court, Martina Navratilova, Steffi Graf, Serena Williams).[151]

The following list is for those players who achieved a non-calendar-year Grand Slam by holding the four major titles at the same time but not in the calendar year.[1] Players who completed a Grand Slam within the same streak as a non-calendar-year Grand Slam are not included here.

* Martina Navratilova completed the feat in singles in 1984.

* Steffi Graf completed the feat in singles in 1994.

* Serena Williams completed the feat in singles in 2003, 2015.

* Novak Djokovic completed the feat in singles in 2016.

AU Australian Open | WB Wimbledon

|

FR French Open | US US Open

Able-bodied tennis  No.  | Player  | Discipline  | Major  | Notes

|
|
|
|

1  |  Louise Brough | Women's doubles | 1949 FR  | 1949 WB  | 1949 US  | 1950 AU  | [ag]
2  |  Billie Jean King | Mixed doubles | 1967 FR  | 1967 WB  | 1967 US  | 1968 AU | [ah]
3  |  Martina Navratilova | Women's singles | 1983 WB | 1983 US | 1983 AU | 1984 FR |
4  |  Martina Navratilova (2) | Women's doubles  | 1986 WB | 1986 US | 1987 AU | 1987 FR | [ai]
Pam Shriver |
6  |  Gigi Fernández | Women's doubles  | 1992 FR | 1992 WB | 1992 US | 1993 AU |
Natasha Zvereva
8  |  Steffi Graf | Women's singles  | 1993 FR | 1993 WB | 1993 US | 1994 AU |
9  |  Natasha Zvereva (2) | Women's doubles  | 1996 US | 1997 AU | 1997 FR | 1997 WB |
10  |  Serena Williams | Women's singles  | 2002 FR | 2002 WB | 2002 US | 2003 AU |
11  |  Serena Williams (2) | Women's doubles  | 2009 WB | 2009 US | 2010 AU | 2010 FR |
Venus Williams |
13  |  Bob Bryan | Men's doubles | 2012 US | 2013 AU | 2013 FR | 2013 WB |
Mike Bryan |
14  |  Serena Williams (3) | Women's singles | 2014 US | 2015 AU | 2015 FR | 2015 WB |
15  |  Novak Djokovic | Men's singles | 2015 WB | 2015 US | 2016 AU | 2016 FR |

Wheelchair tennis  No.  | Player  | Discipline  | Major  | Notes

|
|
|
|

1  |  Stéphane Houdet | WC men's doubles | 2009 FR | 2009 WB | 2009 US | 2010 AU | [aj]
2  |  Shingo Kunieda | WC men's doubles  | 2014 WB | 2014 US | 2015 AU | 2015 FR | [ak]
3  |  Diede de Groot | WC women's singles | 2018 WB | 2018 US | 2019 AU | 2019 FR |
4  |  Dylan Alcott | WC quad singles | 2018 US | 2019 AO | 2019 FR | 2019 WB | [u]
5  |  Shingo Kunieda (2) | WC men's singles | 2021 US | 2022 AU | 2022 FR | 2022 WB |
6  |  Niels Vink | WC quad doubles | 2022 FR | 2022 WB | 2022 US | 2023 AU |
Sam Schröder

### Career Grand Slam

[edit]

For a list of players who have completed the Career Grand Slam, see List of Grand Slam and related tennis records § Career Grand Slam.

The career achievement of winning all four major championships in one discipline is termed a "Career Grand Slam", or "Career Slam".[152] In singles, eight men (Fred Perry, Don Budge, Roy Emerson, Rod Laver, Andre Agassi, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, and Novak Djokovic) and ten women (Maureen Connolly, Doris Hart, Shirley Fry Irvin, Margaret Court, Billie Jean King, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Steffi Graf, Serena Williams, and Maria Sharapova) have completed a Career Grand Slam.[2] Four men (Emerson, Laver, Djokovic, and Nadal) and five women (Court, Evert, Navratilova, Graf, Williams) have achieved the feat more than once over the course of their careers.[153][154][155]

Only six players have completed a Career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles: one man (Roy Emerson) and five women (Margaret Court, Doris Hart, Shirley Fry Irvin, Martina Navratilova, and Serena Williams).

Number of players to complete the Career Grand Slam  Singles  | Doubles  | Wheelchair singles  | Wheelchair doubles  | Junior singles  | Junior doubles

|
|
|
|
|

Men  | Women  | Men  | Women  | Mixed  | Men  | Women  | Quad  | Men  | Women  | Quad  | Boys  | Girls  | Boys  | Girls
8 | 10 | 25 | 23 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0  | 1 | 0

### Boxed Set

[edit]

A "Boxed Set" refers to winning one of every possible major title in the singles, doubles, and mixed doubles disciplines throughout a player's career.[156] Only three players have completed a Boxed Set, all women: Doris Hart, Margaret Court, and Martina Navratilova.[157] Court's second Boxed Set, completed in 1969, spans the Amateur and Open Eras, but she later completed a set entirely within the Open Era in 1973.[155]

* The event at which the Boxed Set was completed indicated in bold.

S Singles D Doubles X Mixed doubles

Boxed Sets  | Player  | Age  | Australian Open | French Open | Wimbledon | US Open

|
|
|
|
|
|

S  | D  | X  | S  | D  | X  | S  | D  | X  | S  | D  | X
2  |  Margaret Court | 21  | 1960 | 1961  | 1963  | 1962 | 1964  | 1963  | 1963 | 1964 | 1963 | 1962 | 1963  | 1961
26  | 1961 | 1962  | 1964  | 1964 | 1965  | 1964  | 1965 | 1969 | 1965 | 1965 | 1968  | 1962
1  |  Doris Hart | 29  | 1949 | 1950  | 1949  | 1950 | 1948  | 1951  | 1951 | 1947 | 1951 | 1954 | 1951  | 1951
1  |  Martina Navratilova | 46  | 1981 | 1980 | 2003 | 1982 | 1975 | 1974 | 1978 | 1976 | 1985 | 1983 | 1977 | 1985

### Golden Slam

[edit]

The term "Golden Slam" (also known as "Golden Grand Slam",[158][159][160] "Calendar-year Golden Slam"[161] or "Calendar Golden Slam")[162] refers to the achievement of winning all four majors and the Olympic or Paralympic gold medal in a calendar year. The achievement was first established in 1988,[163][164] when Steffi Graf won all the aforementioned titles in singles. She is currently the only singles able-bodied player to achieve it,[165][166] while Diede de Groot and Dylan Alcott also accomplished the feat, in wheelchair singles and wheelchair quad singles respectively.[167][168]

* Non-calendar-year Golden Slam: refers to the achievement of winning all four majors and the Olympic or Paralympic gold medal consecutively across two calendar years.[169] It has been used since 2013, when Bob and Mike Bryan won the aforementioned titles consecutively in doubles between 2012 and 2013.[170] Their achievement was also dubbed the "Golden Bryan Slam".[171]

* Career Golden Slam: refers to the achievement of winning all four majors and the Olympic or Paralympic gold medal during their career. In singles three men (Andre Agassi, Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic) and two women (Steffi Graf and Serena Williams) have completed the Career Golden Slam.[172][169] Williams is currently the only able-bodied player to have achieved a Career Golden Slam in both singles and doubles.[173]

Number of players to complete the Career Golden Slam  Singles  | Doubles  | Wheelchair singles  | Wheelchair doubles  | Junior singles  | Junior doubles

|
|
|
|
|

Men  | Women  | Men  | Women  | Mixed  | Men  | Women  | Quad  | Men  | Women  | Quad  | Boys  | Girls  | Boys  | Girls
3 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 0  | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0

### Other concepts

[edit]

* Super Slam: Combination of the Golden Slam and year-end championship title (ATP Finals for the men's tour, WTA Finals for the women's tour, and the Wheelchair Tennis Masters for the wheelchair tennis tour) in a calendar year,[174] also known as "Calendar-year Super Slam"[167] Diede de Groot is currently the only player to do so, in women's wheelchair singles in 2021.[167][175]
* Non-calendar-year Super Slam: refers to the achievement of winning all four majors, the Olympic or Paralympic gold medal, and the year-end championship consecutively across two calendar years.[176] Steffi Graf is currently the only one to achieve it, with her Golden Slam in 1988 following her victory at the year-end championship in 1987.[176][177]
* Career Super Slam: refers to the achievement of winning all four majors, the Olympic or Paralympic gold medal, and the year-end championship throughout a career. In singles two men (Andre Agassi and Novak Djokovic) and two women (Steffi Graf and Serena Williams) have completed the Career Super Slam.[178][179]

Number of players to complete the Career Super Slam  Singles  | Doubles  | Wheelchair singles  | Wheelchair doubles

|
|
|

Men  | Women  | Men  | Women  | Men  | Women  | Quad  | Men  | Women  | Quad
2 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 3

* Three-Quarter Slam: refers to the achievement of winning three of the four majors in a calendar year, missing out on the Grand Slam by only one title.[180][181][182]

Number of players to complete the Three-Quarter Slam  Singles  | Doubles  | Wheelchair singles  | Wheelchair doubles  | Junior singles  | Junior doubles

|
|
|
|
|

Men  | Women  | Men  | Women  | Mixed  | Men  | Women  | Quad  | Men  | Women  | Quad  | Boys  | Girls  | Boys  | Girls
11 | 8 | 15 | 22 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 11

* Surface Slam: refers to the achievement of winning a major title on each of three current surfaces (clay, grass and hard courts) in a calendar year.[183][184] It's been possible since 1978, when the US Open changed its playing surface from clay to hard courts.[185][186] From 1978 to 1987, the Australian Open and Wimbledon were played on grass, the French Open on clay and the US Open on hard, but since 1988 the Australian Open has also been played on hard courts.[187]

Number of players to complete the Surface Slam  Singles  | Doubles  | Wheelchair singles  | Wheelchair doubles  | Junior singles  | Junior doubles

|
|
|
|
|

Men  | Women  | Men  | Women  | Mixed  | Men  | Women  | Quad  | Men  | Women  | Quad  | Boys  | Girls  | Boys  | Girls
2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 8

* Channel Slam: refers to the achievement of winning both the French Open and Wimbledon in a calendar year.[188] The name makes reference to the English Channel, the body of water separating France from the United Kingdom, the host countries of the French Open and Wimbledon.[188] These tournaments are held clay and grass courts, respectively, surfaces very different from each other,[71] usually being held a few weeks from each other,[188] meaning that players who have deep runs in the French Open have little time to adapt to the different surface conditions found at Wimbledon.[189][190]

Number of players to complete the Channel Slam  Singles  | Doubles  | Wheelchair singles  | Wheelchair doubles  | Junior singles  | Junior doubles

|
|
|
|
|

Men  | Women  | Men  | Women  | Mixed  | Men  | Women  | Quad  | Men  | Women  | Quad  | Boys  | Girls  | Boys  | Girls
13 | 10 | 29 | 34 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 13 | 19

### Pro Slam

[edit]

Before the start of the Open Era in 1968, only amateur players were allowed to compete in the four Grand Slam tournaments. Many male top players "went pro" in order to win prize money legally, competing on a professional world tour comprising completely separate events.[191] From 1927 to 1967, the three tournaments considered by many to have been the "majors" of the professional tour were:

* U.S. Pro Tennis Championships,
* French Pro Championship,
* Wembley Championships.[192][193]

A player who won all three in a calendar year was considered retrospectively to have achieved a "Professional Grand Slam", or "Pro Slam".[192][193] In the pre-open era the terms did not exist. The feat was accomplished by Ken Rosewall in 1963[194] and Rod Laver in 1967,[195] while Ellsworth Vines, Hans Nüsslein and Don Budge have won the three major trophies during their careers.[196] The professional majors did not have a women's draw except for the Cleveland tournament in 1953, 1955, 1956, 1959.[197][198][199]

## See also

[edit]

* Tennis portal

* List of Grand Slam and related tennis records
* Lists of tennis records and statistics
* Grand Slam (golf)

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Australasian Championships (1905–26),
Australian Championships (1927–68).
2. ^ First women's event was in 1922.
3. ^ Grass (1905–1987).
4. ^ Championnat de France (1891–1924),
Internationaux de France de Tennis (since 1925),
Tournoi de Roland-Garros, alternate name (since 1928).
5. ^ Though the French Championships began in 1891, it was not a major international event until 1925. First women's event was in 1897.
6. ^ The Championships (since 1877).
7. ^ First women's event was in 1884.
8. ^ U.S. National Championship (1881–1967)
9. ^ First women's event was in 1887.
10. ^ Grass (1881–1974), Clay (1975–1977).
11. ^ Since 1987. Dates fluctuated between the start and end of the year before then.
12. ^ Some sources state the 1891 venue was Racing Club de France, Paris.[68]
13. ^ a b c d Part of 6 consecutive titles.
14. ^ a b Part of 7 consecutive titles.
15. ^ Part of 8 consecutive titles with John Bromwich in 1950 U.S. Championships.
16. ^ Partnered with Christine Truman and Darlene Hard.
17. ^ Part of 7 consecutive titles with Fred Stolle in 1962 U.S. Championships.
18. ^ Part of 5 consecutive titles with John Newcombe, Ken Fletcher and Fred Stolle.
19. ^ Part of 5 consecutive titles with Donna Floyd, Lesley Turner Bowrey and Billie Jean King.
20. ^ Part of 8 consecutive titles.
21. ^ a b c Part of 5 consecutive titles.
22. ^ Part of 5 consecutive titles with Mirjana Lučić, Jana Novotná and Anna Kournikova.
23. ^ Part of 12 consecutive titles with Korie Homan, Jiske Griffioen and Maaike Smit between 2005 and 2008.
24. ^ Part of 8 consecutive titles with Marjolein Buis in 2012 French Open.
25. ^ Partnered with Joachim Gérard and Shingo Kunieda.
26. ^ Part of 7 consecutive titles with Aniek van Koot and Yui Kamiji in 2018.
27. ^ Part of 6 consecutive titles with Heath Davidson, David Wagner and Andy Lapthorne.
28. ^ Part of 10 consecutive titles.
29. ^ First consecutive Grand Slam achievement.
30. ^ Third consecutive Grand Slam achievement in the same discipline.
31. ^ a b On 1 March 2022, the WTA announced that players from Russia and Belarus would not be allowed to compete under the name or flag of Russia or Belarus following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[140]
32. ^ a b c d e f In italics: Most recent event was held in 2023.
33. ^ Partnered with Margaret Osborne duPont and Doris Hart.
34. ^ Partnered with Owen Davidson and Dick Crealy.
35. ^ Part of 5 consecutive titles with Andrea Temesvári in 1986 French Open.
36. ^ Partnered with Michaël Jérémiasz, Shingo Kunieda and Stefan Olsson.
37. ^ Partnered with Stéphane Houdet and Gordon Reid.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e "The Constitution of ITF Limited 2022" (PDF). International Tennis Federation. p. 62\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
2. ^ a b "Grand Slam All Time Champions". US Open. USTA. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
3. ^ "About the ITF". Billie Jean King Cup. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
4. ^ a b Ginsburg, Yeshayahu (5 March 2014). "Why Indian Wells Is Almost (But Not Quite) a Fifth Slam". Tennis View Magazine. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
5. ^ a b "History". ITF Tennis. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019.
6. ^ Robertson 1974, p. 87.
7. ^ a b c d Collins 2010, p. 15.
8. ^ Gillmeister 1998, pp. 191–192.
9. ^ a b c Robertson 1974, p. 33.
10. ^ Bowers 2013, pp. 18–20.
11. ^ "Lawn Tennis". Poverty Bay Herald. Vol. XL, no. 13235\. 18 November 1913. p. 5.
12. ^ Robertson 1974, pp. 33, 87.
13. ^ a b Bensen, Clark (2013–2014). "The World Championships of 1913 to 1923: the Forgotten Majors" (PDF). Tennis Collectors of America. Newport, Rhode Island, United States: Journal of The Tennis Collectors of America. p. 470\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018. "Number 30"
14. ^ Shannon 1981, pp. 48.
15. ^ "ITF Frequently Asked Questions". International Tennis Federation (ITF). Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
16. ^ Robertson 1974, p. 35.
17. ^ Kidston, R. M. (12 July 1933). "Jack Crawford :". The Sydney Mail. NSW. pp. 14–16 - via National Library of Australia.
18. ^ Gould, Alan (18 July 1933). "Sports Slants: Tennis "Grand Slam"". The Reading Eagle. p. 10\. Archived from the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2021. "Tennis 'Grand Slam': Crawford, now holder of the Australian, French and British singles title, has the chance for a 'grand slam' by coming over for the United States championships at Forest Hills in September."
19. ^ Kieran, John (2 September 1933). "Coming Up to the Net". The New York Times. p. 9\. Archived from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021. "Jack Crawford, the Australian, has the most impressive record so far this year. He defeated Cochet in France for the French hard-court championship. He won at Wimbledon. He holds the Australian title. If he wins at Forest Hills, he will have captured about everything in sight for the year. That would be something like scoring a grand slam on the courts, doubled and vulnerable."
20. ^ a b Walker, Randy (27 June 2015). "The Grand Slam – Origins and Correct Verbiage". World Tennis. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
21. ^ Crowe, Jerry (22 May 1994). "Return to Grand Slam Glory: Rod Laver Was the Last Man to Sweep Four Major Titles and Thinks It Can Be Done Again". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
22. ^ a b c Bowers, Ray (31 October 1999). "Suzanne Lenglen and the First Pro Tour". Archived from the original on 17 August 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
23. ^ Bowers, Ray (1 March 2001). "History of the Pro Tennis Wars Chapter 2, part 1 1927–1928". Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
24. ^ McCauley 2003.
25. ^ Tennis Myth and Method (1978), Ellsworth Vines and Gene Vier (ISBN 9780670696659), page 52
26. ^ Shannon 1981, pp. 62–64.
27. ^ "The tennis schemozzle of shamateurism and shekels". Tribune (Sydney). 27 May 1964 - via Trove.
28. ^ a b c d Bowers 2013, pp. 50–60.
29. ^ McCauley, Joe (2000). The History of Professional Tennis. Windsor: The Short Run Book Company Limited. p. 136.
30. ^ "Big-time pros at Wimbledon". The Canberra Times. Vol. 41, no. 11, 775. 24 August 1967. p. 29 - via National Library of Australia.
31. ^ Tingay 1977, pp. 218–219.
32. ^ "Wimbledon pro title to Laver". The Canberra Times. 30 August 1967. p. 36 - via National Library of Australia.
33. ^ Barrett 2014, p. 122.
34. ^ Shannon 1981, pp. 64.
35. ^ "History – Wimbledon is 'Open'". AELTC. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
36. ^ Henderson, Jon (15 June 2008). "Now I'd choose tennis". The Observer. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2022. "'Yes, "open" tennis has come at last and Bournemouth has been entrusted with the task of a world shaking launching,' said the programme notes for the 1968 Hard Court Championships of Great Britain, which brought an end to the sport's segregation of amateur and professional players."
37. ^ "John McEnroe". Charlie Rose. 2 April 1999. 11:49 minutes in. PBS. Retrieved 30 August 2021. "I don't think people realize and put in perspective [that] [t]he Australian Open has come a long way. [U]ntil 1985, for example, they were offering me guarantees to play the tournament. You had to beg the top players to play. What changed it was that they did a better promotional job. They put money into a new stadium and things of that nature. ... When people don't realize that Borg played once his entire career. I didn't play the first seven years of my career. Connors only played once. Gerulaitis, God rest his soul, only played a couple of times. There's not a history of the people supporting the event until the late '80s. Now, I give them a lot of credit for bringing the level up as well as the French Open. But I think that people have to put this in perspective."
38. ^ a b DeSimone, Bonnie (25 May 2007). "Chris Evert owned Roland Garros like no other". ESPN. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
39. ^ "European men dominate tennis". The Canberra Times. 3 June 1970. p. 32 - via National Library of Australia.
40. ^ "Net Series To Open Tonight". The Dispatch. 21 January 1970.
41. ^ Fetter, Henry D. (6 June 2011). "The French Open During World War II: A Hidden History". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
42. ^ a b "Grand Slam Tournaments – Australian Open" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
43. ^ Rossingh, Danielle. "Taking A Look At Every Time Wimbledon Has Been Canceled, Including The 2020 Tournament". Forbes. Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
44. ^ "All Grand Slams to use 10-point tiebreaker in final set". Associated Press. 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
45. ^ "Australian Open, 2025 Prize Money". Archived from the original on 14 June 2025. Retrieved 12 January 2025.
46. ^ a b "French Open prize money 2025: How much do players earn round by round?". independent.co.uk. 29 May 2025. Archived from the original on 31 May 2025. Retrieved 2 June 2025.
47. ^ "The Championships, Wimbledon, 2025 Prize Money" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 June 2025. Retrieved 13 June 2025.
48. ^ a b "US Open Prize Money 2022". perfect-tennis.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
49. ^ Schlink, Leo (17 January 2009). "Rafael Nadal keen to call time on early slam". Herald Sun. Australia. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
50. ^ Tristan Foenander. "History of the Australian Open – the Grand Slam of Asia/Pacific". Australian Open. Archived from the original on 20 January 2008. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
51. ^ Cook, Frank (14 February 2008). "Open began as Aussie closed shop". The Daily Telegraph. news.com.au. Archived from the original on 1 February 2008. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
52. ^ "GreenSet Worldwide New Official Court Surface Supplier". Tennis Australia. Melbourne. 26 July 2019. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
53. ^ Bodo, Peter (21 January 2019). "How the Australian Open evolved from the Struggling Slam into the Super Slam". ESPN. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
54. ^ Duke, Greg (17 January 2011). "Australian Open: From nomad to nouveau riche". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
55. ^ McGowan, Marc (28 January 2024). "The A-Z of a record-breaking 2024 Australian Open". The Age. Archived from the original on 12 September 2024.
56. ^ Williams, Jacqueline (26 January 2018). "By Looking to Asia, the Australian Open Found Itself". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
57. ^ Weedon, Alan; Yang, Samuel (25 January 2020). "Australian Open is billed as the Grand Slam of the 'Asia Pacific' — but is it?". ABC News. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
58. ^ Colebatch, Tim (12 January 1988). "Melbourne's state-of-the-art tennis centre is a knockout". The Age. Melbourne, Australia. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
59. ^ "Aus Open to stage first men's night final". ABC News. 1 February 2004. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
60. ^ Michaels, Jake (13 February 2021). "'There are just no mistakes happening': Hawk-Eye Live gains more support at Australian Open". ESPN. Archived from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
61. ^ a b "Australasian Championships". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 November 1923. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
62. ^ "Australian Open Prize Money Increases More Than 11 Percent for 2025". Ausopen. Archived from the original on 11 January 2025. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
63. ^ Dampf, Andrew; Fendrich, Howard (23 April 2021). "What's in a name? You say French Open; I say Roland Garros". AP News. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
64. ^ "Un siecle d'histoire". Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
65. ^ Clarey, Christopher (30 June 2001). "Change Seems Essential to Escape Extinction: Wimbledon: World's Most Loved Dinosaur". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2007.
66. ^ a b c "Roland Garros: a venue open all year long. Past Winners and Draws". FFT. Archived from the original on 8 August 2007. Retrieved 7 August 2007.
67. ^ Gillmeister 1998, p. 225.
68. ^ "1891–1914: The early years of the Men's French Championship". histoiredutennis.com. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
69. ^ "All-time French Open venues". Grand Slam History. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
70. ^ Briggs, Simon (23 May 2019). "French Tennis Federation serves an ace with new-look Roland Garros". The Telegraph. United Kingdom: The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
71. ^ a b "Clay, the hallowed red dirt". Roland-Garros. 29 August 2021. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
72. ^ Clarey, Christopher (26 May 2006). "In a year of change at Roland Garros, the winners may stay the same". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2007.
73. ^ Clarke, Liz (15 May 2020). "The French Open, 'unique in all the world,' demands a dancer's agility and an iron will". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
74. ^ "French Open (History)". ESPN. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
75. ^ Coomer, John (9 February 2024). Australia's Grand Slam Tennis Champions. JC Editorial. p. 1955\. ISBN 978-0-646-89210-8.
76. ^ Rossingh, Danielle (28 May 2019). "French Open 2019: By The Numbers". Forbes. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
77. ^ Johnson, Ben (31 July 2015). "The History of the Wimbledon Tennis Championships". historic-uk.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
78. ^ "Wimbledon Championships moved back a week from 2015". BBC Sport. 19 July 2012. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
79. ^ "Anyone for a game of sphairistiké?". The Northern Echo. 27 June 2009. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
80. ^ Malin Lundin (12 March 2015). "Throwback Thursday: The New Wimbledon". AELTC. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
81. ^ "The All England Lawn Tennis Club", About, Wimbledon, 2009, archived from the original on 9 July 2015, retrieved 7 August 2009
82. ^ Carp, Steve (20 November 2008). "Las Vegas Review-Journal". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
83. ^ Will Kaufman & Heidi Slettedahl Macpherson, ed. (2005). "Tennis". Britain and the Americas. Vol. 1 : Culture, Politics, and History. ABC-CLIO. p. 958\. ISBN 1-85109-431-8. "this first tennis championship, which later evolved into the Wimbledon Tournament ... continues as the world's most prestigious event."
84. ^ Ryan Rudnansky (24 June 2013). "Wimbledon Tennis 2013: Why Historic Tournament Is Most Prestigious Grand Slam". bleacherreport. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
85. ^ Montague, James (26 June 2012). "Game, set and match: What Wimbledon says about the British – CNN.com". CNN. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
86. ^ Clarke, Liz (4 July 2012). "The grass is the star at Wimbledon and this year's Olympic tennis matches". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
87. ^ "The True Home of Tennis". Country Life. 21 June 2005. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
88. ^ McElroy, Jennifer. "Game and All Set for a Match: Wimbledon and our Inner Tennis Player". The Green Rooms. Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
89. ^ Kelner, Martha (25 May 2018). "Wimbledon confirms it has no plans to rebrand ladies' tournament". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
90. ^ "Wimbledon – The Royal Box". wimbledon.com. AELTC. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
91. ^ "The Top Wimbledon Winning Countries". WorldAtlas. 25 April 2017. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
92. ^ Kirkham, Sarah (5 February 2015). "Throwback Thursday: The first Wimbledon on television". www.wimbledon.com. AELTC. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
93. ^ "Coverage of Sport on Television" (PDF). DCMS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
94. ^ "Wimbledon first televised". BBC. Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
95. ^ "Wimbledon Prize Money 2025" (PDF). Wimbledon.com. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
96. ^ "The All England Lawn Tennis Club", Facts and Figures / FAQ, Wimbledon, archived from the original on 21 June 2024, retrieved 4 September 2021
97. ^ "At 113 Years and Counting, Slazenger Maintains the Longest Sponsorship in Sports". S&E Sponsorship Group. 4 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.
98. ^ Bold, Ben (27 June 2014). "Wimbledon and Robinsons: charting 79 years of a fruitful relationship". Campaign. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
99. ^ "National Lawn-Tennis Tournament" (PDF). The New York Times. 14 July 1881. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
100. ^ a b c "USTA Locations". www.usta.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
101. ^ Sandomir, Richard (3 August 2006). "Tennis Center to Be Named for Billie Jean King". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
102. ^ "Flushing Meadows Corona Park Highlights – Arthur Ashe Stadium : NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
103. ^ Kimball, Warren. "USTA name changes: All for good grammar". USTA. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
104. ^ "USTA History". www.usta.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
105. ^ "Grand Slams – US Open". International Tennis Federation. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
106. ^ Czermak, Chris (3 May 2021). "The Top 12 Biggest Tennis Stadiums in the World by Capacity". Tennis Creative. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
107. ^ Shmerler, Cindy (20 August 2018). "What's New, and What's Free, at the 2018 U.S. Open". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021. "The new stadium has the tournament's second retractable roof, after one was added over the 23,771-seat Arthur Ashe Stadium in 2016."
108. ^ Clifford Krauss (22 August 1997). "Arthur Ashe Stadium's Opening Serve Is in Giuliani's Court". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
109. ^ "Ashe & Armstrong Stadiums". United States Tennis Association's official website. 3 May 2005. Archived from the original on 16 November 2005. Retrieved 30 June 2005.
110. ^ "U.S. Open History". Tennis.com. 16 August 2012. Archived from the original on 27 August 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
111. ^ Williams, Daniel (11 January 2007). "Australian Open Preview". Time. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021. "As seen at last year's U.S. Open and numerous events since, this is the best innovation in tennis since yellow balls."
112. ^ "US Open Prize Money 2020". Perfect Tennis. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
113. ^ Zagoria, Adam (15 September 2020). "ESPN's U.S. Open Ratings Down 45%, With Stars Sitting Out And Tennis Facing Fierce TV Competition". Forbes. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
114. ^ Gough, Christina (26 October 2020). "U.S. Open viewership on ESPN in the U.S. 2020". Statista. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
115. ^ "Emirates Airline and USTA Unveil Landmark Partnership for US Open and US Open Series". Emirates Airline US Open Series. 16 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
116. ^ Hamilton, Tom (3 July 2023). "Can Djokovic become the first player in 35 years to complete a calendar Grand Slam?". ESPN. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
117. ^ Lisanti, Jamie (23 July 2015). "Serena Williams can join elite group of only five calendar Grand Slam winners". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
118. ^ Hilsum, James (12 June 2023). "Novak Djokovic targeting historic calendar slam at US Open after French Open triumph over Casper Ruud". Eurosport. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
119. ^ "Budge, Marble capture National Tennis Titles". The New York Daily News. 25 September 1938. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via Newspapers.com.
120. ^ "Tennis 'Grand Slam'". The Daily News (Perth). 27 August 1951. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via Trove.
121. ^ "Trabert's tennis his best ever". The Age. 9 September 1953. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via Trove.
122. ^ "All-Australia tennis final". The Canberra Times. 11 September 1962. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via Trove.
123. ^ "Grand Slam on the way". The Canberra Times. 10 September 1963. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via Trove.
124. ^ "Semple saves Newcombe from defaulting". The Boston Globe. 30 August 1967. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via Newspapers.com.
125. ^ "Laver completes Grand Slam". Papua New Guinea Post-Courier. 9 September 1969. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via Trove.
126. ^ "Grand Slam for Mrs Court". The Canberra Times. 15 September 1970. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via Trove.
127. ^ "Edberg takes junior crown". The Canberra Times. 11 December 1983. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via Trove.
128. ^ "Doubles pair go for century". Hartlepool Northern Daily Mail. 12 June 1985. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via British Newspaper Archive.
129. ^ "Graf win seals Grand Slam". The Canberra Times. 12 September 1988. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via Trove.
130. ^ "Hingis Finishes Slam by Winning Doubles". The Washington Post. 14 September 1998. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
131. ^ "Dubbeltitel US Open voor Van Koot en Griffioen". 9 September 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via pers.nocnsf.nl. "For Van Koot and Griffioen, the victory in New York means that they have won all Grand Slam tournaments this year Also at the Australian Open, Roland Garros and Wimbledon, the women's doubles title went to the Dutch pair With that, they have completed the so-called 'Grand Slam'"
132. ^ "Wheelchair tennis". 8 September 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via paralympic.org.
133. ^ "Kamiji, Whiley complete calendar Slam in Wheelchair doubles". 6 September 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via usopen.org.
134. ^ "Wheelchair tennis". 26 December 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via paralympic.org.
135. ^ "Alcott crowned quad world champion". 18 December 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via paralympic.org.au.
136. ^ "US Open: Gordon Reid and Alfie Hewett claim US Open wheelchair title". BBC Sport. 12 September 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
137. ^ a b "How Diede de Groot won an unprecedented back-to-back calendar grand slam". 11 October 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via cnn.com.
138. ^ "Dylan Alcott was the right man at the right time for wheelchair tennis — now he's helped make history". ABC News. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via abc.net.au.
139. ^ "De Groot completes third calendar Slam; Hewett, Schroder also triumph". 10 September 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2024 - via itftennis.com.
140. ^ "Joint Statement by the International Governing Bodies of Tennis". WTA Tour. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
141. ^ a b "Wimbledon". The Los Angeles Times. 22 June 1983. Retrieved 25 August 2024 - via Newspapers.com.
142. ^ Fein 2003, p. 218.
143. ^ a b Amdur, Neil (17 August 1982). "Sports of The Times; Leave Grand Slam of Tennis Alone". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
144. ^ Bock, Hal. "Tennis traditionalist quibble over minor details". Fort Scott Tribune. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
145. ^ Fein 2003, p. 221.
146. ^ Stratte-McClure, Joel (25 June 1984). "Martina Navratilova Takes the Grand Slam and Nets a Cool Million While She's at It". People. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
147. ^ "Ms. Navratilova gets Grand Slam". Rome News-Tribune. 10 June 1984.
148. ^ Kirkpatrick, Curry. "Worthy Of Really High Fives". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
149. ^ Newman, Paul (13 January 2011). "Nadal: 'This will be my only shot at doing the Grand Slam'". The Independent. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
150. ^ "Djokovic conquers Roland Garros to join tennis pantheon". Reuters. 5 June 2016.
151. ^ "Serena shatters Clijsters". The Guardian. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
152. ^ Ball, Elliot (14 September 2010). "Nadal completes career Slam". Sky Sports. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
153. ^ "Novak Djokovic Says "He Doesn't Want to Take Anything Away From Rafael Nadal's Victory" at Australian Open 2022". EssentiallySports. 21 February 2022. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
154. ^ "Barty joins WTA elite with third consecutive year-end number one crown". Tennishead. 19 November 2021. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
155. ^ a b "Margaret Court: An unparalleled legend who set the benchmark". Sportslumo. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
156. ^ Marianne, Bevis (4 December 2009). "Queens of the Court: Margaret Court Was The Queen Of Them All". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
157. ^ "Margaret Court: "Women's tennis is a little bit boring"". BBC. Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2024. "Margaret Court is one of only three players to have achieved a career "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles, winning every possible Grand Slam title – singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles – at all four Grand Slam events. The others are Doris Hart and Martina Navratilova – but Court believes she missed opportunities"."
158. ^ "Graf's feat is a true Grand Slam". Raleigh News and Observer. Sports. 12 September 1988. p. 16.
159. ^ "International Tennis Hall of Fame". www.tennisfame.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
160. ^ "The day Steffi Graf won the "Golden Grand Slam"". Tennis Majors. 1 October 2023. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
161. ^ Futterman, Matthew (30 July 2021). "Novak Djokovic, King of the Olympic Village, Loses Run at Golden Slam". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 August 2024. "On the other hand, he loves to play for his country and had a rare chance for a calendar-year Golden Slam."
162. ^ Roy, Anjishnu (18 August 2024). "Golden Slam winners: Tennis aces Steffi Graf, Serena Williams, Novak Djokovic headline list". Olympics. Retrieved 25 August 2024. "Her achievement of winning all five tournaments in 1988 is also titled a Calendar Golden Slam."
163. ^ "Graf Adds Gold to Her Grand '88 Record". The New York Times. 1 October 1988. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
164. ^ Tandon, Kamakshi (5 January 2009). "Gold Standard: Graf mints Golden Slam in 1988". Tennis. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
165. ^ "First tennis "Golden Slam"". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
166. ^ "Steffi Graf's 1988 Golden Slam – an unprecedented achievement". IOC. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
167. ^ a b c "First wheelchair tennis player to complete a "Career Super Slam" in singles". Guinness World Records. 3 September 2021. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024. "For good measure, she won all four majors again in 2021, plus Paralympic gold to complete an unprecedented calendar-year "Golden Slam", and rounded off 2021 with her fourth Masters win for professional tennis' first-ever calendar-year "Super Slam"."
168. ^ "De Groot, Alcott complete Golden Slam at US Open". IPC. 13 September 2021. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
169. ^ a b Nacion, Chicco (6 June 2016). "Novak Djokovic one step closer to Golden Slam". CBC Sports. Archived from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
170. ^ Tandon, Kamakshi (19 December 2013). "Home hardware for Andy Murray". ESPN. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
171. ^ Gibson, Owen (6 July 2013). "Bob and Mike Bryan complete the 'Golden Bryan Slam' at Wimbledon". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
172. ^ Hincks, Michael (12 July 2021). "What is a Golden Slam? Meaning and why Olympic defeat means Novak Djokovic cannot match Steffi Graf feat". i. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
173. ^ Berkok, John (28 August 2022). "Serena Williams records that may never be broken: A Career Golden Slam in singles AND doubles". Retrieved 6 August 2025.
174. ^ Nelson 2013, p. 26.
175. ^ Thomas, Marshall (7 November 2021). "Hewett, Vink And De Groot Seal NEC Singles Masters Titles". International Tennis Federation. Archived from the original on 8 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
176. ^ a b Martin 2016.
177. ^ "Virginia Slims Championships 16 Nov – 23 Nov 1987". International Tennis Federation. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
178. ^ "#7: Andre Agassi". Sports Illustrated. Photo Gallery: Top 10 Men's Tennis Players of All Time. 9 July 2012. p. 4\. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
179. ^ Kay, Dimitri (22 November 2010). "Rafael Nadal Will Bid To Emulate Andre Agassi at the World Tour Finals". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on 15 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
180. ^ "Jack Crawford". International Tennis Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
181. ^ Bonk, Thomas (8 September 1991). "U.S. OPEN: A Three-Quarter Slam: Women: Seles rolls over Navratilova for her third major victory of 1991. Missing Wimbledon leaves 'a little emptiness.'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
182. ^ "Djokovic completes three-quarter Slam". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. 13 September 2011. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
183. ^ "History of Tennis Courts" (PDF). ITF. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
184. ^ Prochnow, Andrew (20 February 2013). "Forget Calendar Slam, "Surface Slam" Almost as Rare". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
185. ^ Boehme 2017, p. 54.
186. ^ Maverick, Vickey (27 August 2016). "When the US Open was played on clay…". Medium. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
187. ^ Clarey, Christopher (13 January 2008). "On the surface, Australian Open gets a new bounce". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
188. ^ a b c "Novak Djokovic joins Federer, Nadal in rare Channel Slam triumph after Wimbledon win". Sportstar. The Hindu. 11 July 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
189. ^ Gibbs, Lindsay (23 June 2013). "Why the French-Wimbledon Double Is So Daunting". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
190. ^ Howard, Johnette (26 May 2021). "The most difficult challenge in tennis: The French-Wimbledon double". Women's Tennis Association. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
191. ^ Robertson 1974, pp. 60–71.
192. ^ a b Geist 1999, p. 137.
193. ^ a b Lee, Raymond (September 2007). "Greatest Player of All Time: A Statistical Analysis". Tennis Week.
194. ^ Craig, Hunt. "Legends of the game # 3 – Ken Rosewall". Tennis Sydney. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
195. ^ Anderson, Dave (30 August 2009). "The Greatest? Don't Forget Laver's Lost Years". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
196. ^ Collins 2010, pp. 621, 752–754.
197. ^ "Tennis Abstract: Pauline Betz Match Results, Splits, and Analysis".
198. ^ McCauley, P. 100
199. ^ Alcheva, Martina (28 May 2021). "Tennis: Everything you need to know about the Pro Slam". Bolavip US. Archived from the original on 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2021.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Barrett, John (2014). Wimbledon: The Official History (4th ed.). Vision Sports Publishing. ISBN 9-781909-534230.
* Boehme, Gerry (2017). Serena Williams: Setting New Standards. Cavendish Square. ISBN 978-1502627629.
* Bowers, Chris (2013). Forder-White, Emily (ed.). The International Tennis Federation : a century of contribution to tennis. New York: Rizzoli. ISBN 978-0847839902.
* Collins, Bud (2010). The Bud Collins History of Tennis (2nd ed.). New York: New Chapter Press. ISBN 978-0942257700.
* Fein, Paul (2003). Tennis Confidential: Today's Greatest Players, Matches, and Controversies. Potomac Books. ISBN 9781574885262.
* Geist, Robert (1999). Der Grösste Meister. Die denkwürdige Karriere des australischen Tennisspielers Kenneth Robert Rosewall.
* Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). Tennis : A Cultural History. London: Leicester University Press. ISBN 978-0718501952.
* Martin, Lorena (2016). Sports Performance Measurement and Analytics: The Science of Assessing Performance, Predicting Future Outcomes, Interpreting Statistical Models, and Evaluating the Market Value of Athletes. FT Press. Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-13-419330-4.
* McCauley, Joe (2003). The History of Professional Tennis. London: The Short Run Book Company Limited.
* Nelson, Murry R., ed. (2013). American Sports: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313397523.
* Robertson, Max (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis: 100 Years of Great Players and Events. Viking Press. ISBN 978-0670294084.
* Shannon, Bill, ed. (1981). Official Encyclopedia of Tennis (3rd, revised and updated ed.). New York [u.a.]: Harper & Row. ISBN 9780060148966.
* Tingay, Lance (1977). 100 years of Wimbledon. Enfield [Eng.]: Guinness Superlatives. ISBN 0900424710.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grand Slam (tennis).

* Official website of the Australian Open
* Official website of the French Open
* Official website of Wimbledon
* Official website of the US Open
* All-time Grand Slam tournament winners – Reference book

* v
* t
* e

Grand Slam achievements

Grand Slam

| Men's singles|

* 1938: Don Budge
* 1962: Rod Laver
* 1969: Rod Laver

|

Women's singles|

* 1953: Maureen Connolly
* 1970: Margaret Court
* 1988: Steffi Graf

Men's doubles|

* 1951: Ken McGregor / Frank Sedgman

Women's doubles|

* 1960: Maria Bueno
* 1984: Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver
* 1998: Martina Hingis

Mixed doubles|

* 1963: Margaret Court / Ken Fletcher
* 1965: Margaret Court
* 1967: Owen Davidson

Non-calendar year Grand Slam

| Men's singles|

* 2015–16: Novak Djokovic

|

Women's singles|

* 1983–84: Martina Navratilova
* 1993–94: Steffi Graf
* 2002–03: Serena Williams
* 2014–15: Serena Williams

Men's doubles|

* 2012–13: Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan

Women's doubles|

* 1949–50: Louise Brough
* 1986–87: Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver
* 1992–93: Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva
* 1996–97: Natasha Zvereva
* 2009–10: Serena Williams / Venus Williams

Mixed doubles|

* 1967–68 Billie Jean King

Career Grand Slam

| Men's singles|

* Fred Perry
* Don Budge
* Rod Laver (2)
* Roy Emerson (2)
* Andre Agassi
* Roger Federer
* Rafael Nadal (2)
* Novak Djokovic (3)

|

Women's singles|

* Maureen Connolly
* Doris Hart
* Shirley Fry Irvin
* Margaret Court (3)
* Billie Jean King
* Chris Evert (2)
* Martina Navratilova (2)
* Steffi Graf (4)
* Serena Williams (3)
* Maria Sharapova

Men's doubles|

* Adrian Quist
* Frank Sedgman (2)
* Ken McGregor
* Lew Hoad / Ken Rosewall (2)
* Neale Fraser (2)
* Roy Emerson (3)
* John Newcombe (3) / Tony Roche
* Bob Hewitt
* John Fitzgerald
* Anders Järryd
* Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis
* Mark Woodforde
* Todd Woodbridge
* Jonas Björkman
* Bob Bryan (2) / Mike Bryan (2)
* Daniel Nestor
* Leander Paes
* Pierre-Hugues Herbert / Nicolas Mahut
* Mate Pavić

Women's doubles|

* Louise Brough Clapp
* Doris Hart
* Shirley Fry Irvin
* Maria Bueno
* Lesley Turner Bowrey
* Margaret Court (2)
* Judy Tegart-Dalton
* Kathy Jordan / Anne Smith
* / Martina Navratilova (7)
* Pam Shriver (4)
* Helena Suková
* Gigi Fernández (2)
* / Natasha Zvereva (3)
* Jana Novotná (2)
* Martina Hingis (2)
* Serena Williams (2) / Venus Williams (2)
* Lisa Raymond
* Sara Errani / Roberta Vinci
* Barbora Krejčíková / Kateřina Siniaková

Mixed doubles|

* Jean Borotra
* Doris Hart (2) / Frank Sedgman (2)
* Margaret Court (4)
* Ken Fletcher
* Owen Davidson
* Billie Jean King
* Marty Riessen
* Bob Hewitt
* Mark Woodforde
* Todd Woodbridge
* Martina Navratilova
* Daniela Hantuchová
* Mahesh Bhupathi (2)
* Cara Black
* Leander Paes
* Martina Hingis

* v
* t
* e

Grand Slam tournament champions

* Grand Slam overall records

Australian Open|

* Men's singles
* Women's singles
* Men's doubles
* Women's doubles
* Mixed doubles
* All disciplines

French Open|

* Men's singles
* Women's singles
* Men's doubles
* Women's doubles
* Mixed doubles
* All disciplines

Wimbledon|

* Men's singles
* Women's singles
* Men's doubles
* Women's doubles
* Mixed doubles
* All disciplines

US Open|

* Men's singles
* Women's singles
* Men's doubles
* Women's doubles
* Mixed doubles
* All disciplines

All tournaments|

* Men's singles
* Women's singles
* Men's doubles
* Women's doubles
* Mixed doubles
* Boys' singles
* Girls' singles
* Boys' doubles
* Girls' doubles
* Wheelchair men's
* Wheelchair women's
* Wheelchair quad

* Men's singles finals
* Women's singles finals
* Open Era singles finalists
* Australian Open
* French Open
* Wimbledon
* US Open

* v
* t
* e

Tennis records and statistics

Grand Slam|

| Singles|

* Men's champions
* Chronological
* Women's champions
* Chronological
* Men's finals
* Women's finals
* Records
* Age at first title
* Champions by country
* Open Era
* Wheelchair men's champions
* Wheelchair women's champions
* Wheelchair quad champions
* Boys' champions
* Girls' champions
* Men's timeline
* Women's timeline
* 1884–1977
* British
* Finalists
* Performances

|

Doubles|

* Men's champions
* Women's champions
* Mixed champions
* Wheelchair men's champions
* Wheelchair women's champions
* Wheelchair quad champions
* Boys' champions
* Girls' champions

Men's|

| Singles|

* Open Era records
* All-time records
* ATP records
* Masters records
* Top-level tournament champions
* Rankings
* ATP No. 1s
* All-time No. 1s
* ITF World Champions
* Top ten
* 1912–1972
* 1973–present
* ATP Finals
* Past finals
* Appearances
* ATP Awards
* Misc.
* List of players

|

Doubles|

* ATP records
* Rankings
* ATP No. 1s
* ITF World Champions
* Masters records
* Top-level tournament champions
* List of players

Women's|

| Singles|

* Open Era records
* All-time records
* WTA records
* WTA 1000 records
* Top-level tournament champions
* Rankings
* WTA No. 1s
* All-time No. 1s
* ITF World Champions
* Top ten
* 1921–1974
* 1975–present
* WTA Finals
* Past finals
* Appearances
* WTA Awards
* List of players

|

Doubles|

* WTA records
* Rankings
* WTA No. 1s
* ITF World Champions
* WTA 1000 records
* Top-level tournament champions
* List of players

Other lists|

* Notable rivalries
* Open Era
* Titles leaders
* Players' achievements
* Rankings by country
* Olympic medalists
* ITF rankings
* Davis Cup champions
* Billie Jean King Cup champions
* ATP Cup champions

* Tennis portal
* Matches
* Longest
* Shortest
* Bagel
* Golden set
* Tiebreaker
* Serving
* Speed
* Aces
* Double faults

* v
* t
* e

Tennis

* History
* Glossary
* Match types
* Players
* Rankings
* Statistics
* Umpires
* Stadiums

Basics|

| General|

* Scoring system
* point
* Strategy
* grips
* serve-and-volley
* Equipment
* ball
* racket
* strings
* Official
* Technology
* electronic line judge
* Hawk-Eye
* Controversies
* Code violations
* Doping
* Match fixing
* Grunting

|

Courts|

* Hard
* Clay
* Grass
* Carpet
* Wood

Shots|

* Backhand
* Backspin
* Drop shot
* Flat
* Forehand
* Groundstroke
* Half volley
* Lob
* Passing shot
* Serve
* ace
* double fault
* Smash
* Topspin
* Volley

Grand Slams|

| Events|

* Australian Open
* French Open
* Wimbledon
* US Open

|

Statistics|

* Champions
* Singles finals
* Records

Professional
tours|

| Men|

* ATP rankings
* ATP Tour
* 1000
* 500
* 250
* Finals
* ATP Challenger Tour
* ITF Men's World Tennis Tour

|

Women|

* WTA rankings
* WTA Tour
* 1000
* 500
* 250
* Finals
* WTA 125 series
* ITF Women's World Tennis Tour

Team tennis
tournaments|

| Active|

* Davis Cup
* Billie Jean King Cup
* United Cup
* Laver Cup
* Hopman Cup

|

Defunct|

* Wightman Cup
* World Team Cup
* Champions Tennis League
* International Premier Tennis League
* World TeamTennis
* ATP Cup

Multi-sport
events|

| Intercontinental|

* Olympics
* Paralympics
* Youth Olympics
* Universiade
* Commonwealth
* Island
* Mediterranean

|

Continental|

* African
* Asian
* Southeast Asian
* Pacific
* Pan American
* South American

Governing bodies|

* Association of Tennis Professionals
* Women's Tennis Association
* International Tennis Federation

* Tennis portal
* Outline
* WikiCommons

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template