Great Balsam Mountains

Mountain range in North Carolina, United States

Great Balsam Mountains

Great Balsam Mountains as seen from the Blue Ridge Parkway

Highest point
Peak| Richland Balsam
Elevation| 6,410 ft (1,950 m)
Coordinates| 35°22′N 82°59′W﻿ / ﻿35.367°N 82.983°W﻿ / 35.367; -82.983
Dimensions
Length| 21 mi (34 km)
Width| 18 mi (29 km)
Geography
Country| United States
State| North Carolina
Parent range| Appalachian Mountains
Geology
Rock type| gneiss

The Great Balsam Mountains, or Balsam Mountains, are in the mountain region of western North Carolina, United States.[1][2] The Great Balsams are a subrange of the Blue Ridge Mountains, which in turn are a part of the Appalachian Mountains. The most famous peak in the Great Balsam range is Cold Mountain, which is the centerpiece of author Charles Frazier's bestselling novel Cold Mountain. Other notable peaks include Richland Balsam, which is the highest peak in the range, Black Balsam Knob, and Mount Pisgah.

The crest of the range is known as the Pisgah Ridge, and for the majority of its length forms the border between Haywood County to the north, Jackson County to the southwest, and Transylvania County to the southeast. The far eastern part of the range forms the border between Buncombe and Henderson Counties. Several towns are located in the valleys surrounding the range, including Brevard, Cullowhee, Waynesville, Canton, and the southwest suburbs of Asheville.

The Blue Ridge Parkway runs along its length and at Richland Balsam (milepost 431), the Parkway is at its highest point (6053 feet). Large portions of the range are part of Pisgah or Nantahala National Forest, making the area popular for recreation. The Middle Prong and Shining Rock Wildernesses are located in the center of the range and are both part of Pisgah National Forest. Several waterfalls are located in the range, such as Looking Glass Falls, Moore Cove Falls, and the waterfalls of Graveyard Fields.

## Peaks

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Reinhart Knob

* Richland Balsam – 6410 feet
* Black Balsam Knob – 6214 feet
* Mount Hardy – 6120 feet
* Reinhart Knob – 6080 feet
* Grassy Cove Top – 6040 feet
* Tennent Mountain – 6040 feet
* Sam Knob – 6040 feet
* Cold Mountain – 6030 feet
* Shining Rock – 6040 feet
* Chestnut Bald

("Mountain heights". Peakbagger.com.)

## Other landmarks

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* Balsam Gap
* Devil's Courthouse
* Judaculla Rock (see Tsul 'Kalu; photos[3])
* Tanasee Bald (see Tsul 'Kalu)

## Flora

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The area consists of a transition forest between the southern Appalachian spruce–fir forest (which resembles forest types found at northern latitudes) and the mixed deciduous forests of temperate America.[4]

### Trees

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The following trees are at higher elevations:

* Fraser fir[5] ("balsams" or "She balsams"). Forests of these trees appear black from a distance; however, these trees are declining due to the balsam woolly adelgid.[6]
* Red spruce[7] ("He balsams"). The red spruce is distinguished from the Fraser fir by having bark whose rosin cannot be milked (hence, "He balsams") and by having hanging cones.

### Shrubs

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* Catawba rhododendron
* Flame azalea[8]
* Mountain laurel

* Rhododendron

* Flame azalea

* Mountain laurel

## See also

[edit]

* List of mountains in North Carolina

## Sources

[edit]

1. ^ "Great Balsam Mountains". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
2. ^ "Great Balsam Mountains". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved July 17, 2007.
3. ^ "Judaculla". Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved July 19, 2007.
4. ^ Sutton, Myron; Sutton, Ann (1985). Eastern forests (Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-73126-3. p43
5. ^ NRCS. "Abies fraseri (Fraser fir)". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved June 15, 2022.
6. ^ Frankenberg, Dirk (2000). Exploring North Carolina's Natural Areas: Parks, Nature Preserves, and Hiking Trails. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4851-4. p343
7. ^ NRCS. "Picea rubens (red spruce)". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved June 15, 2022.
8. ^ NRCS. "Rhododendron calendulaceum (flame azalea)". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved June 7, 2022.

* v
* t
* e

Mountains of North Carolina

Blue Ridge Mountains|

| Bald Mountains|

* Big Bald
* Max Patch

|

Black Mountains|

* Celo Knob
* Mount Craig
* Mount Mitchell

Brushy Mountains|

* Hibriten Mountain
* Pores Knob

Great Balsam Mountains|

* Black Balsam Knob
* Chestnut Mountain (Transylvania County)
* Cold Mountain
* Richland Balsam
* Shining Rock
* Tanasee Bald

Great Craggy Mountains|

* Beaucatcher Mountain

Great Smoky Mountains|

* Andrews Bald
* Charlies Bunion
* Kuwohi
* Gregory Bald
* Marks Knob
* Mount Cammerer
* Mount Chapman
* Mount Collins
* Mount Guyot
* Mount Hardison
* Mount Kephart
* Mount Sequoyah
* Mount Sterling
* Old Black
* Shuckstack
* Silers Bald
* Spence Field
* Thunderhead Mountain
* Tricorner Knob

Plott Balsams|

* Eaglenest Mountain
* North Eaglenest Mountain
* Waterrock Knob

Unaka Range|

* Big Yellow Mountain
* Grassy Ridge Bald
* Little Yellow Mountain
* Roan Mountain

Unicoi Mountains|

* Bob Stratton Bald
* Haw Knob

* Hooper Bald

Iron Mountains|

* Snake Mountain
* North Carolina-Tennessee-Virginia Corners

Others|

* Adams Mountain
* Bear's Paw
* Bee Mountain
* Beech Mountain
* Bluerock Mountain
* Brier Knob
* Brown Mountain
* Chestnut Mountain (Caldwell County)
* Crossing Knob
* Doe Hill Mountain
* Elk Knob
* Fire Scale Mountain
* Flattop Mountain
* Grandfather Mountain
* Grandmother Mountain
* Howard Knob
* Humpback Mountain
* Little Chestnut Mountain
* Mount Pisgah
* Peak Mountain
* Pixie Mountain
* Rich Mountain, near Boone, Watauga County - 1) Rich Mountain (SSW of Boone) 2) Rich Mountain (NW of Boone) 3) Rich Mountain Bald (NNW of Boone)
* Sassafras Mountain
* Spanish Oak Mountain
* Stone Mountain
* Sugar Mountain
* Table Rock
* Three Top Mountain
* Tomkins Knob
* Woody's Knob

Sauratown Mountains|

* Moore's Knob
* Pilot Mountain

Uwharrie Mountains|

* Caraway Mountains
* Morrow Mountain

Others|

* Albert Mountain
* Big Butt Mountain
* Cane Creek Mountains
* Crowders Mountain
* Devil's Courthouse
* Kings Pinnacle
* Looking Glass Rock
* Mayfield Mountain
* McAlpine Mountain
* Mount Jefferson
* Mulatto Mountain
* Occoneechee Mountain
* Old Butt Knob
* South Mountains
* Standing Indian Mountain
* Terrells Mountain
* Wayah Bald
* Wesser Bald
* Whiteside Mountain

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