Great Mogul Diamond

Diamond found in India

Great Mogul

A replica of the Great Moghul Diamond

Weight| 280 carats (56 g)
Country of origin| India
Mine of origin| Kollur Mine
Drawing of the Great Moghul diamond, by Tavernier in 1666 Sketch of the Orlov diamond from the book Precious Stones by Max Bauer, 1904

The Great Mogul was a large diamond that is believed to have been discovered around 1650, most probably around the Kollur Mine in the Golconda region of southern India. Tavernier described the diamond thus: "The stone is of the same form as if one cut an egg through the middle".[1]

## History[edit]

The 787-carat (157.4 g)[1] rough diamond was gifted by Emir Jemla to Shah Jahan, the 5th Mughal emperor, as part of diplomacy between the two families.[2][3]

Jemla described it as "that celebrated diamond which has been generally deemed unparalleled in size and beauty."[4]

A Venetian lapidary named Ortensio Borgio was assigned to cut the stone. It is believed that the Great Mogul Diamond exhibited several inclusions. Rejecting the idea of cutting the diamond into several fine stones, Borgio decided to address the inclusion problem by grinding away at it until the unwanted flaws were gone. Much to the horror of the Emperor, Borgio's work yielded very poor results, including a great loss of weight. Shah Jehan spared Borgio's head, instead fining him 10,000 rupees (all the money he had) for his ineptitude. Originally this story was believed to refer to the Koh-i-Noor Diamond; recent research appears to indicate that it instead refers to this stone.[5]

Around 1665 the Shah's son, Aurangzeb, showed the stone to the famous jeweler and world traveler Jean Baptiste Tavernier. At that time Tavernier wrote in his Six Voyages: "The first piece that Akel Khan (Chief Keeper of the King's jewels) placed in my hands was the great diamond, which is rose cut, round and very high on one side. On the lower edge there is a slight crack, and a little flaw in it. Its water is fine, and weighs 319+1⁄2 ratis, which makes 280 of our carats, the rati being 7⁄8th of a carat."[6]

Later, the Great Mogul Diamond was transferred to Lahore Subah and became part of the spoils of war when Mughal India was invaded and Lahore and then Delhi sacked by the Persian ruler Nadir Shah. Nadir Shah returned with the stone to his home in Isfahan in 1739 from the Nawabs of Punjab. However, Nadir Shah's ownership proved short-lived. He was assassinated in 1747 and the stone disappeared.[citation needed]

Most modern scholars are now convinced that the Great Mogul is actually the Orlov Diamond, today part of Catherine the Great's imperial Russian sceptre in the Kremlin.[7]

## The Great Mogul in fiction[edit]

* Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's novel The Sign of the Four has the ex-convict Jonathan Small stealing a treasure stash containing the Great Mogul twice—once in 1857, and finding and stealing it again in 1888—only to throw it into the River Thames before being captured by Sherlock Holmes and the police.
* In the 1898 science fiction novel Edison's Conquest of Mars, the King of Siam produces the Great Mogul to help fund the invasion of Mars.
* Bangladeshi writer Qazi Anwar Hussain used the stone in his writing. His most famous fictional character, Masud Rana, finds it and many other historical materials in the book I Love You, Man. The story is about finding the materials and facing the dangers.

## See also[edit]

* Orlov Diamond
* Koh-i-Noor
* Darya-ye Noor
* List of famous diamonds

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b Spring 1941, Important Diamonds of the World - The Great Mogul; Star of South Africa (or Dudley), Robert M Shipley, p. 143, 2pp.
2. ^ "George John Younghusband - The jewel house : an account of the many romances connected with the royal regalia, Page 9". Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
3. ^ "Great Mogul Diamond | Antique Jewelry University". Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
4. ^ Orpen, Mrs. Goddard. Stories about Famous Precious Stones Boston: D. Lothrop Company, 1890. pp. 204
5. ^ "Koh-i-Noor: Six myths about a priceless diamond". BBC News. 9 December 2016. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
6. ^ Streeter, Edwin W. The Great Diamonds of the World: Their History and Romance London: George Bell and Sons, 1882. pp. 69-72
7. ^ "Koh-i-Noor: Six myths about a priceless diamond". BBC News. 9 December 2016. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2020.

## Further reading[edit]

Anna Malecka, The Great Mughal and the Orlov: One and the Same Diamond? The Journal of Gemmology, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 56–63 ;

## External links[edit]

* The great Mughal and the Orlov Diamond
* The Great Mogul Diamond
* Spring 1941, The Great Mogul; Star of South Africa (or Dudley), p. 143, 2pp.