Greek lace

Early form of lace

Ornate Greek Lace pattern

Greek lace is considered one of the earliest forms of all lace. Some types of Greek lace include reticella, Roman lace, cutwork, Venetian guipure, and Greek point lace[1]

## History

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Greek lace was first made from 1480 to 1620, the designs being always a rigid geometrical type. Greek Lace was used in large quantities for the decoration of ecclesiastical vestments and cere cloths. The earliest types of Greek lace were created by straight lines buttoned over in repetition. In the beginning, Greek lace specimens were primarily formed in the simplest type of geometrical outlines. Originally, this lace was made from a tracing on parchment and then woven on a cushion in order to create the ornate pattern. As time passed and the process developed, greater variety of geometrical designs were created and shown in the lace. Patterns became more full, and the bars more ornate. The complex designs of the Greek lace were always formal and often arranged with excellent artistic effect. Geometrical outlines such as circles and triangles were slowly added to the lace to enhance its dimensions. The Ionian Islands are recognized as being the home to the creation of the Greek lace.[1] Reticella was mentioned in the Sforza Inventory in 1493, which spread the idea and technique even further. Other countries like Germany, France, Spain, Flanders, and England all made only a very limited extent of the Greek Lace, but it eventually was mocked and imitated, creating more types of lace.[1] However, Greek lace became popular outside of the main manufacturing countries.

## Etymology

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Between the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, the term Greek lace may have originated from the time when the Ionian Islands were in the possession of the Venetian Republic. A true lace is created when a thread is looped, braided, or twisted to other threads independently from a fabric in one of 3 ways: (1) with a needle, when the work is distinctively known as "needlepoint lace" (2) with bobbins, pins on a pillow or cushion, when the work is known as 'pillow lace" (3) by machinery. Originally, lace was made with linen, silk, gold, or silver threads, but now lace is often made with cotton thread.[2] There is no evidence to prove that Greek Lace was ever produced for commercial purposes in Greece. It is speculated that the term may have originated between the 15th and 18th century, when the Ionian Islands were under the rule of the Venetian Republic.

## Modern uses

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In modern day, Greek lace, or Reticella, is generally considered a furniture lace. Greek Lace is also used as decoration rather than clothing. Authentic Greek lace is now predominantly made in Italy. Modern Greek lace is made with flax thread only, rather than the silk that was originally used.[1]

Mass production of lace is also common. While it is not authentic, the patterns often have resemblance to the geometric structures of Greek lace. Modern popular uses for lace are primarily for decoration and wedding attire. Due to its popularity, it became very widespread around the world and was modified to create other types of lace, modernly known as imitations.[1]

## Distinguishing Greek lace

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Since Greek lace is one of the earliest form of needle lace, there are many different variations that are difficult to distinguish. One of the biggest differentiations between different types of old Greek lace is whether it is "Italian or Flemish." However, specimens have shown that there are no standard differences between the two.[3] Very early Greek lace can be identified by lace trimmings.[4] Authentic Greek lace is identified by the procedure of buttoning over the thread in specific patterns and can ideally be distinguished from others.[3] When Greek lace is made by machine, it is made entirely differently. It is either woven, where two threads are used, or embroidered, when a pattern is embroidered onto something that is later removed.[5]

## References

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1. ^ a b c d e Jackson, Emily (1900). A history of hand-made lace. pp. 163, 140, 194.
2. ^ Herschel, Julia (1870). A Handbook of Greek Lace Making. London: Forgotten Books.
3. ^ a b Lowes, Emily (July 24, 2008). Chats On Old Lace and Needlework.
4. ^ The Upholsterer (48 ed.).
5. ^ "Laces" (PDF). University of Arizona. Retrieved 5 November 2014.

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Lace types

Needle lace|

* Alençon
* Aemilia Ars
* Argentan
* Argentella
* Armenian
* Burano
* Chebka
* Filet lace
* Frisado de Valladolid
* Greek
* Halas lace
* Hedebo embroidery
* Hollie Point
* Hvar lace
* Kenmare Lace
* Nallıhan
* Ñandutí
* Oya
* Pag
* Point de France
* Point de Gaze
* Point de Venise
* Punto in Aria
* Puncetto Valsesiano
* Tenerife
* Youghal

| Embroidery|

Buratto
Filet lace
Limerick
Needlerun net
Piña embroidery
Reticella
Tambour

|

Cutwork|

Broderie anglaise
Carrickmacross
Lefkara lace
Saba lace

Bobbin lace|

| Mesh grounds|

Antwerp
Arenys or Ret fi lace
Arras
Bayeux
Beeralu
Beveren
Binche
Blonde
Bucks point
Chantilly
Chefoo
Cogne
Flanders
Freehand
Lille
Ipswich
Mechlin
Mundillo
Paris
Raumanpitsien or Rauma
Valenciennes
's Gravenmoer
Torchon
Tønder

|

Guipure|

Bedfordshire
Cluny
Dentelle du Puy
Genoese
Liptov
Maltese
Yak lace

Part laces|

Bruges
Brussels
Point d'Angleterre
Honiton
Rosaline

Tape|

Cantù
Hinojosa
Idrija
Milanese
Peasant
Russian
Schneeberg
Three Pair Flanders

Tape lace|

* Battenberg
* Branscombe
* Mezzopunto
* Princess
* Renaissance
* Romanian point

Crocheted lace|

* Broomstick lace
* Csetnek Lace
* Filet crochet
* Hairpin
* Irish crochet
* Orvieto lace

Machine-made lace|

* Barmen
* Bobbinet
* Chemical
* Leavers
* Nottingham Lace Curtain Machine
* Pusher
* Raschel
* Stocking Frame
* Warp Knit

Other handmade laces|

* Chancay gauze
* Lace knitting
* Liturgical lace
* Macramé
* Metal lace
* Punto a groppo
* Spanier Arbeit
* Sprang
* Tatting

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