Greens–European Free Alliance

Green political group of the European Parliament

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|

The Greens/European
Free Alliance

European Parliament group
Name| The Greens/European Free Alliance
English abbr.| Greens/EFA[1]
French abbr.| Verts/ALE[2]
Formal name| Parliamentary Group of The Greens/European Free Alliance in the European Parliament
Ideology| Green politics
Political position| Centre-left[3] to left-wing[4]
European parties| European Green Party
European Free Alliance (minority)
From| 1999; 26 years ago (1999)
Preceded by| The Green Group
European Radical Alliance
Chaired by| Bas Eickhout
Terry Reintke
MEP(s)|

53 / 720

Website| greens-efa.eu
Part of a series on

Green politics

Core topics

* Climate change litigation
* Fossil fuels lobby
* Green party
* List of topics
* Politics of climate change

Four pillars

* Ecological wisdom
* Social justice
* Grassroots democracy
* Nonviolence

Perspectives

* Alter-globalization
* Bright green environmentalism
* Criticisms of globalization
* Deep ecology
* Degrowth
* Dirty hands
* Disinvestment
* Ecoauthoritarianism
* Eco-capitalism
* Ecocentrism
* Ecofascism
* Ecofeminism
* Eco-nationalism
* Eco-socialism
* Environmentalism
* Green anarchism
* Green conservatism
* Green left
* Green liberalism
* Green libertarianism
* Green Zionism
* Social ecology
* Queer ecology

Intellectuals

* Abbey
* Albert
* Anderson
* Bari
* Best
* Beuys
* Berry
* Bookchin
* Brown (Lester)
* Brower
* Carson
* Dodds
* d'Eaubonne
* Gandhi
* George
* Hawken
* Jackson
* Khosla
* Klein
* Kovel
* LaDuke
* Latouche
* Linkola
* Löwy
* Maathai
* Mason
* Næss
* Negri
* Nussbaum
* Porritt
* Raworth
* Rendueles
* Salleh
* Sassen
* Schumacher
* Scruton
* Shiva
* Singer
* Snyder
* Sukhdev
* Thoreau
* Zerzan

Politicians

* Bandt
* Bausch
* Benčić
* Bennett
* Betancourt
* Brélaz
* Brown (Bob)
* Camejo
* Cohn-Bendit
* Cuffe
* Emsis
* Fajardo
* Feinstein
* Fischer
* Frassoni
* Grodzka
* Habeck
* Halsema
* Harris
* Hourigan
* Joly
* Kelly
* Kogler
* Kretschmann
* Kuhn
* Lalonde
* Lipietz
* López
* Lucas
* Lunacek
* Martin
* Manning
* May
* Nader
* O'Gorman
* Roth
* Schmidt-Nielsen
* Silva
* Sirkis
* Stein
* Trittin
* Van der Bellen
* Vējonis
* Wall

Organizations

* Asia Pacific Greens Federation
* European Green Party
* Federation of Green Parties of Africa
* Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas
* Federation of Young European Greens
* Global Greens
* Global Young Greens
* World Ecological Parties

Related topics

* Carbon fee and dividend
* Carbon tax
* Circular economy
* Climate change mitigation
* Climate finance
* Climate justice
* Climate target
* Conservation movement
* Corporate political activism
* Eco-investing
* Ecological economics
* Ecological modernization
* Ecomodernism
* Eco-tariff
* Ecotax
* Eco-terrorism
* Environmental
* conflict
* effects of agriculture
* effects of aviation
* finance
* issues
* justice
* movement
* planning
* pricing reform
* racism
* technology
* Environmentalism
* opposition
* Environmental skepticism
* Stewardship
* in music
* Fossil fuel phase-out
* Green
* development
* economy
* growth
* grabbing
* greening
* imperialism
* industrial policy
* infrastructure
* job
* New Deal
* recovery
* retrofit
* state
* theory
* transport hierarchy
* vehicle
* washing
* Localism
* Low-carbon economy
* List of environmental incidents
* conflicts
* killings
* Political ecology
* Progressivism
* Renewable energy
* Sustainable
* design
* development
* energy
* engineering
* refurbishment
* transport
* War on coal
* Water conflict

Environment portal
Politics portal

* v
* t
* e

The Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) is a political group of the European Parliament composed primarily of green political parties.[5][6][7]

The group consists of European Green Party (EGP), part of the European Free Alliance (EFA), and members of Volt Europa and European Pirate Party political alliances.

## History

[edit]

Formed following the 1999 European elections for the 5th European Parliament, the group has generally limited its membership to progressive parties.[8] These European parties are joined by MEPs from non-aligned national parties, which have included the Dutch Europe Transparent (2004–2009) and the Swedish (2009–2014), German (2014–) and Czech (2019–) Pirate Parties.[9]

### 9th European Parliament

[edit]

On 9 June 2019, following a pan-European vote of party members, Volt Europa chose to join the Greens–European Free Alliance group in the European Parliament.[10][11]

### 10th European Parliament

[edit]

On 19 June 2024, the group elected Bas Eickhout, and re-elected Terry Reintke, as Co-Presidents of the group.[12] On 25 June, the group elected the members of its bureau.[13]

## MEPs

[edit]

### 10th European Parliament

[edit]

Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2024–2029)

Greens–European Free Alliance has MEPs in 17 member states. Dark green indicates member states sending multiple MEPs, light green indicates member states sending a single MEP. State  | National party  | European party | MEPs[14]

|
|
|

Austria | The Greens – The Green Alternative |  | EGP |

2 / 20

Belgium | Ecolo |  | EGP |

1 / 22

Green |  | EGP |

1 / 22

Croatia | We can! |  | EGP |

1 / 12

Czech Republic | Czech Pirate Party |  | None |

1 / 21

Denmark | Green Left |  | EGP |

3 / 15

Finland | Green League |  | EGP |

2 / 15

France | The Ecologists |  | EGP |

5 / 81

Germany | Alliance 90/The Greens |  | EGP |

12 / 96

Volt Germany |  | None |

3 / 96

Italy | Green Europe |  | EGP |

4 / 76

Latvia | The Progressives |  | EGP |

1 / 9

Lithuania | Union of Democrats "For Lithuania" |  | EGP |

1 / 11

Luxembourg | The Greens |  | EGP |

1 / 6

Netherlands | GreenLeft |  | EGP |

4 / 31

Volt Netherlands |  | None |

2 / 31

Romania | Health Education Nature Sustainability Party
(Nicolae Ștefănuță)  |  | Independent |

1 / 33

Slovenia | Vesna - Green Party |  | EGP |

1 / 9

Spain | Republican Left of Catalonia |  | EFA |

1 / 61

Galician Nationalist Bloc |  | EFA |

1 / 61

Catalunya en Comú |  | EGP associate member  |

1 / 61

Més–Compromís |  | EFA |

1 / 61

Sweden | Green Party |  | EGP |

3 / 21

European Union | Total  |

53 / 720

### 9th European Parliament

[edit]

Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2019–2024)

Greens–European Free Alliance MEPs 2019-2024. Dark green indicates member states sending multiple MEPs, light green indicates member states sending a single MEP. State  | National party  | European party | MEPs[15]

|
|
|

Austria | The Greens – The Green Alternative
Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) |  | EGP |

3 / 19

Belgium | Ecolo |  | EGP |

2 / 8

Green
Groen |  | EGP |

1 / 12

Czech Republic | Czech Pirate Party
Česká pirátská strana (Piráti) |  | PPEU |

3 / 21

Denmark | Green Left
Socialistisk Folkeparti (SF) |  | EGP |

2 / 14

Finland | Green League
Vihreä liitto (Vihr) |  | EGP |

3 / 14

France | Europe Ecology – The Greens
Europe Écologie Les Verts (EELV) |  | EGP |

10 / 79

Let's Do Corsica
Femu a Corsica (FaC) |  | EFA individual member  |

1 / 79

Breton Democratic Union
Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh (UDB) |  | EFA |

1 / 79

Germany | Alliance 90/The Greens
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (Grüne)  |  | EGP |

21 / 96

Ecological Democratic Party
Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei (ÖDP) |  | EFA individual member  |

1 / 96

Pirate Party Germany
Piratenpartei Deutschland (Piraten) |  | PPEU |

1 / 96

Volt Germany
Volt Deutschland (Volt)  |  | Volt Europa |

1 / 96

Independent
Nico Semsrott |  | Independent |

1 / 96

Greece | Kosmos
Κόσμος |  | None |

1 / 21

Italy | Territorial Equity Movement
Movimento Equità Territoriale (MET) |  | EFA individual member  |

1 / 76

Independents
Ignazio Corrao, Rosa D'Amato |  | Independent |

2 / 76

Ireland | Green Party
Comhaontas Glas |  | EGP |

2 / 13

Lithuania | Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union
Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga (LVŽS) |  | None |

2 / 11

Luxembourg | The Greens
Déi Gréng (DG) |  | EGP |

1 / 6

Netherlands | GreenLeft
GroenLinks (GL) |  | EGP |

3 / 29

Poland | Independent
Sylwia Spurek |  | Independent |

1 / 52

Portugal | Independent
Francisco Guerreiro |  | Independent |

1 / 21

Romania | Independent
Nicolae Ștefănuță |  | Independent |

1 / 33

Spain | Republican Left of Catalonia
Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC) |  | EFA |

2 / 59

Galician Nationalist Bloc
Bloque Nacionalista Galego (BNG) |  | EFA |

1 / 59

Sweden | Green Party
Miljöpartiet de gröna (MP) |  | EGP |

3 / 21

European Union | Total  |

72 / 705

### 8th European Parliament

[edit]

Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2014–2019)

State  | National party  | European party  | MEPs 2014[16]

|
|
|

Austria | The Greens – The Green Alternative |  | EGP |

3 / 18

Belgium | Ecolo |  | EGP |

1 / 21

Green |  | EGP |

1 / 21

Croatia | ORaH[B 1] |  | EGP |

1 / 11

Denmark | Socialist People's Party |  | EGP |

1 / 13

Estonia | Indrek Tarand (independent)  |  | Independent[17] |

1 / 6

Finland | Green League |  | EGP |

1 / 13

France  | Europe Ecology – The Greens[B 2] |  | EGP |

6 / 74

Germany  | Alliance '90/The Greens |  | EGP |

11 / 96

Pirate Party |  | PPEU |

1 / 96

Ecological Democratic Party |  | None |

1 / 96

Hungary | Politics Can Be Different |  | EGP |

1 / 21

Dialogue for Hungary |  | None |

1 / 21

Italy  | Federation of the Greens |  | EGP |

1 / 73

Latvia | Latvian Russian Union |  | EFA |

1 / 8

Lithuania | Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union |  | None |

1 / 11

Luxembourg | The Greens |  | EGP |

1 / 6

Netherlands | GreenLeft |  | EGP |

2 / 26

Spain  | Republican Left of Catalonia[B 3] |  | EFA |

1 / 54

Initiative for Catalonia Greens |  | EGP |

1 / 54

Coalició Compromís |  | EFA |

1 / 54

New Catalan Left |  | EFA |

1 / 54

Slovenia | Verjamem |  | None |

1 / 8

Sweden  | Green Party |  | EGP |

4 / 20

United Kingdom  | Green Party of England and Wales |  | EGP |

3 / 73

Scottish National Party |  | EFA |

2 / 73

Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales  |  | EFA |

1 / 73

European Union |

Total

52 / 751

### 7th European Parliament

[edit]

Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2009–2014)

State  | National party  | European party  | MEPs 2009[18]

|
|
|

Austria | The Greens – The Green Alternative |  | EGP |

2 / 19

Belgium | Ecolo |  | EGP |

2 / 22

Green |  | EGP |

1 / 22

New Flemish Alliance[B 4] |  | EFA |

1 / 22

Denmark | Socialist People's Party |  | EGP |

1 / 13

Estonia | Indrek Tarand (independent)  |  | Independent[17] |

1 / 6

Finland | Green League |  | EGP |

2 / 13

France  | The Greens |  | EGP |

15 / 74

Party of the Corsican Nation |  | EFA |

1 / 72

Germany  | Alliance '90/The Greens |  | EGP |

14 / 99

Greece | Ecologist Greens |  | EGP |

1 / 22

Latvia | Latvian Russian Union |  | EFA |

1 / 9

Luxembourg | The Greens |  | EGP |

1 / 6

Netherlands | GreenLeft |  | EGP |

3 / 26

Spain  | Republican Left of Catalonia[B 3] |  | EFA |

1 / 54

Initiative for Catalonia Greens |  | EGP |

1 / 54

Sweden  | Green Party |  | EGP |

2 / 20

Pirate Party |  | PPEU |

2 / 20

United Kingdom  | Green Party of England and Wales |  | EGP |

2 / 73

Scottish National Party |  | EFA |

2 / 73

Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales  |  | EFA |

1 / 73

European Union |

Total

55 / 751

### 6th European Parliament

[edit]

Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2004–2009)

State  | National party  | European party  | MEPs 2004

|
|
|

Austria | The Greens – The Green Alternative |  | EGP |

2 / 19

Belgium | Ecolo |  | EGP |

1 / 24

Green |  | EGP |

1 / 24

Denmark | Socialist People's Party |  | EGP |

1 / 14

Finland | Green League |  | EGP |

1 / 14

France  | The Greens |  | EGP |

6 / 78

Party of the Corsican Nation |  | EFA |

1 / 78

Germany  | Alliance '90/The Greens |  | EGP |

13 / 99

Italy  | Federation of the Greens |  | EGP |

2 / 78

Latvia | Latvian Russian Union |  | EFA |

1 / 9

Luxembourg | The Greens |  | EGP |

1 / 6

Netherlands | GreenLeft |  | EGP |

2 / 23

Europe Transparent |  | None |

2 / 23

Romania | László Tőkés (independent)[B 5] |  | Independent |

1 / 35

Spain  | Republican Left of Catalonia[B 3] |  | EFA |

1 / 54

Initiative for Catalonia Greens |  | EGP |

1 / 54

Sweden  | Green Party |  | EGP |

1 / 19

United Kingdom  | Green Party of England and Wales |  | EGP |

2 / 78

Scottish National Party |  | EFA |

2 / 78

Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales  |  | EFA |

1 / 78

European Union |

Total

42 / 751

### 5th European Parliament

[edit]

Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (1999–2004)

State  | National party  | European party  | MEPs 1999

|
|
|

Austria | The Greens – The Green Alternative |  | EGP |

2 / 21

Belgium | Ecolo |  | EGP |

3 / 25

Green |  | EGP |

2 / 25

People's Union |  | EFA |

2 / 25

Denmark | Socialist People's Party |  | EGP |

1 / 16

Finland | Green League |  | EGP |

2 / 15

France  | The Greens |  | EGP |

9 / 87

Germany  | Alliance '90/The Greens |  | EGP |

7 / 99

Italy  | Federation of the Greens |  | EGP |

2 / 87

Ireland  | Green Party |  | EGP |

2 / 15

Luxembourg | The Greens |  | EGP |

1 / 6

Netherlands | GreenLeft |  | EGP |

2 / 23

Spain  | Eusko Alkartasuna |  | PNV |

1 / 63

Basque Nationalist Party |  | PNV |

1 / 63

Andalusian Party |  | EC |

1 / 63

Galician Nationalist Bloc |  | EFA |

1 / 63

Sweden  | Green Party |  | EGP |

2 / 22

United Kingdom  | Green Party of England and Wales |  | EGP |

2 / 87

Scottish National Party |  | EFA |

2 / 87

Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales  |  | EFA |

2 / 87

European Union |

Total

48 / 626

1. ^ From 20 April 2016 the MEP Davor Škrlec become independent
2. ^ For 2019 it include Benoît Biteau, an independent politician
3. ^ a b c Until 31 December 2011.
4. ^ From 2004 to 2009 with EPP-ED and from 2014 with ECR
5. ^ Realigned with the EPP since 2009

## Group leadership

[edit]

### Presidents

[edit]

The Greens/EFA group is usually co-chaired by 2 presidents, at least one of them must be a woman.

Co-chairperson  | Took office  | Left office  | Country
(Constituency)  | Party  | Co-chairperson  | Took office  | Left office  | Country
(Constituency)  | Party

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Paul Lannoye |  | 1999  | 2004  |  Belgium
(French)  |
Ecolo | Heidi Hautala |  | 1999  | 2004  |  Finland |
Green League
Daniel Cohn-Bendit |  | 2004  | 2014  |  Germany |
Alliance 90/
The Greens | Monica Frassoni |  | 2004  | 2009  |  Italy
(North-West)  |
Federation of the Greens
Rebecca Harms |  | 2009  | 2016  |  Germany |
Alliance 90/
The Greens
Philippe Lamberts |  | 2014  | 2024  |  Belgium
(French)  |
Ecolo
Ska Keller |  | 2016  | 2022  |  Germany |
Alliance 90/
The Greens
Terry Reintke |  | 2022  | present  |  Germany |
Alliance 90/
The Greens
Bas Eickhout |  | 2024  | present  |  Netherlands |
GroenLinks

### Bureau

[edit]

#### 2024–present

[edit]

Group bureau during the 10th European Parliament.[13]

Position  | Name  | National Party  | European Party

|
|
|

Co-President  | Bas Eickhout |  GroenLinks |  | EGP
Co-President  | Terry Reintke |  The Greens |  | EGP
Treasurer and
Vice-President  | Kira Marie Peter-Hansen |  Green Left |  | EGP
Vice-President  | Alice Bah Kuhnke |  Green Party |  | EGP
Vice-President  | Marie Toussaint |  The Ecologists |  | EGP
Vice-President  | Virginijus Sinkevičius |  Union of Democrats |  | EGP
Vice-President  | Ignazio Marino |  Green Europe |  | EGP
Vice-President  | Sergey Lagodinsky |  The Greens |  | EGP
President of
the EFA delegation  | Diana Riba |  Republican Left of Catalonia |  | EFA

## European Parliament results

[edit]

Election year  | No. of
overall seats won  | +/–

|
|

1999 |

48 / 626

|  48
2004 |

42 / 732

|  6
2009 |

55 / 736

|  13
2014 |

50 / 751

|  5
2019 (pre-Brexit)  |

74 / 751

[19] |  24
2019 (post-Brexit)  |

69 / 705

|  5
2024 |

53 / 720

|  16

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Who we are". Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Greens-efa.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
2. ^ "Qui sommes-nous ?" Archived 23 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Greens-efa.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
3. ^ "The Greens – The Green Alternative". The Democratic Society. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
4. ^ "Austrian government teeters as Greens seek options to oust PM Kurz". Reuters. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
5. ^ Tapio Raunio (2012). "Political Interests: The European Parliament's Party Groups". In John Peterson; Michael Shackleton (eds.). The Institutions of the European Union. Oxford University Press. p. 341\. ISBN 978-0-19-957498-8.
6. ^ Andreas Staab (2011). The European Union Explained, Second Edition: Institutions, Actors, Global Impact. Indiana University Press. p. 67\. ISBN 978-0-253-00164-1.
7. ^ Lori Thorlakson (2013). "Federalism and the European Party System". In Alexander H. Trechsel (ed.). Towards a Federal Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 72\. ISBN 978-1-317-99818-1.
8. ^ Gupta, Devashree (April 2008). "Nationalism across borders: transnational nationalist advocacy in the European Union". Comparative European Politics. 6 (1): 61–80\. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110127. S2CID 144152782.
9. ^ "VoteWatch Europe: European Parliament, Council of the EU" Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Votewatch.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
10. ^ @EuropeElects (9 June 2019). "EU28: Volt Europa membership vote on..." (Tweet) - via Twitter.
11. ^ Petitjean, Euranet Plus News Agency | Sophie (12 June 2019). "Volt Europa : "We need European solutions to European problems"".`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
12. ^ "GREENS/EFA Group elects Bas Eickhout and Terry Reintke as Co-Presidents". Greens/EFA Group. 19 June 2024.
13. ^ a b "Greens/EFA Group elects bureau". Greens/EFA. 25 June 2024.
14. ^ "MEPs by Member State and political group". Retrieved 17 July 2024.
15. ^ "MEPs by Member State and political group". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
16. ^ See the 2014 European Parliament election results.
17. ^ a b "Indrek Tarand". European Parliament. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
18. ^ "List of elected MEPs". Greens-efa.eu. Archived 9 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
19. ^ "2019 Election Results" Archived 27 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Election-Results.eu. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Greens – European Free Alliance.

* Official website Archived 22 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine

* v
* t
* e

Political groups of the European Parliament

* European People's Party (188)
* Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (136)
* Patriots for Europe (85)
* European Conservatives and Reformists Group (79)
* Renew Europe (75)
* Greens–European Free Alliance (53)
* The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL (46)
* Europe of Sovereign Nations (27)
* Non-Inscrits (30)

Previous groups

| Nationalists / far-right|

* Eurodroite
* European Right (1984–1989)
* European Right (1989–1994)
* Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (2007)
* Europe of Nations and Freedom (2015–2019)
* Identity and Democracy (2019–2024)

|

National conservatives|

* European Democratic Union (1965–1973)
* European Progressive Democrats (1973–1984)
* European Democratic Alliance (1984–1995)
* Union for Europe (1995–1999)
* Union for Europe of the Nations (1999–2009)

Christian democrats / conservatives|

* Christian Democrats (1953–1979)
* European People's Party (1979–1999)
* European Conservatives (1973–1979)
* European Democrats (1979–1992)
* Forza Europa (1994–1995)
* European People's Party–European Democrats (1999–2009)

Liberals / centrists|

* Liberals and Allies (1953–1976)
* Liberals and Democrats (1976–1985)
* Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group (1985–1994)
* European Radical Alliance (1994–1999)
* European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (1994–2004)
* Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (2004–2019)

Social democrats|

* Socialists (1953–1993)
* Party of European Socialists (1993–2009)

Communists / far-left|

* Communists and Allies (1973–1989)
* European United Left (1989–1993)
* Left Unity (1989–1994)
* European United Left (1994–1995)

Greens / regionalists|

* Rainbow Group (1984–1989)
* Rainbow Group (1989–1994)
* Greens (1989–1999)

Eurosceptics|

* Europe of Nations (1994–1996)
* Independents for a Europe of Nations (1996–1999)
* Europe of Democracies and Diversities (1999–2004)
* Independence/Democracy (2004–2009)
* Europe of Freedom and Democracy (2009–2014)
* Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (2014–2019)

Heterogeneous|

* Technical Group of Independents (1979–1984)
* Technical Group of Independents (1987)
* Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001)

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States

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*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template