Grosso mogul

Not to be confused with the Il gran mogol flute concerto.

18th-century portrait of a Venetian violinist, presumably Antonio Vivaldi

Grosso mogul, also Il grosso mogul, or capitalised [Il] Grosso Mogul ([The] Great Moghul), RV 208, is a violin concerto in D major by Antonio Vivaldi.[1][2][3] The concerto, in three movements, is an early work by the Venetian composer.[4] Around the mid-1710s Johann Sebastian Bach transcribed the concerto for organ, BWV 594, in C major.[5] A simplified version of the violin concerto, RV 208a, without the elaborated cadenzas that appear in manuscript versions of RV 208, and with a different middle movement, was published around 1720 in Amsterdam as concerto #11 of Vivaldi's Op. 7.[4]

## History

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Vivaldi's violin concerto in D major, RV 208, survives in three manuscripts:[6][7]

* Vivaldi's autograph score, conserved in Turin.
* A copy of the parts, conserved in the Landesbibliothek Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Günther Uecker in Schwerin.[3][4]
* Another copy of the parts conserved in Cividale del Friuli.[4]

The Grosso Mogul title appears on the Schwerin manuscript, which was written before 1717.[3][4][7][8] According to Michael Talbot, the name of the concerto can possibly be linked to Domenico Lalli's Il gran Mogol opera libretto, a setting of which had been presented in Naples in 1713.[4][9][10] Later settings of this libretto include Giovanni Porta's, staged in Venice in 1717, and Vivaldi's RV 697 (1730).[11][12][13][14]

The Schwerin and Cividale del Friuli copies of the concerto contain two variants of extended cadenzas for unaccompanied violin, in the first and last movements of the concerto.[4][5][8] The autograph version indicates where such cadenzas can be inserted in these movements, but does not contain the cadenzas.[8] A manuscript with the written-out cadenzas must have been circulating before c. 1713–1714 when Bach transcribed such versions for solo organ (BWV 594).[5][7][8]

An earlier version of the concerto, RV 208a, was probably composed by c. 1712–1713.[7] This version has a different middle movement than the RV 208 version.[7][8] Vivaldi seems to have had no supervision over the Op. 7 collection, published around 1720 in Amsterdam by the Roger firm, in which the older RV 208a version of the concerto was retained.[7] This version of the concerto does not contain the extended cadenzas, nor an indication where such cadenzas could be inserted.[15]

## Movements

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The concerto has been transmitted in a version for violin soloist, strings (two violin parts and one viola part), and basso continuo.[3] It has three movements:[3]

1. Allegro, , D major
2. Recitative: Grave, , B minor – this movement is performed by the violin soloist exclusively accompanied by the thoroughbass.
3. Allegro, 3
4, D major

### First movement

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This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2018)

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The first movement, in D Major is in Ritornello form. The first solo episode consists of sixteenth notes, with double stops on every beat. [citation needed]

### Second movement

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The second movement, in B Minor is for the solo violin and basso continuo. There are strange rhythms, like improvisation.

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

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### Third movement

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The third movement, in D Major, is in Ritornello form, and is the most virtuosic of the 3 movements.

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)

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## Reception

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This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (June 2018)

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## References

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1. ^ Brover-Lubovsky 2008, p. 61.
2. ^ Talbot 2011, pp. 92, 211.
3. ^ a b c d e RISM 240005251
4. ^ a b c d e f g Talbot 2011, p. 92.
5. ^ a b c Dirksen 1992, p. 164.
6. ^ Heller 1997, pp. 73–74.
7. ^ a b c d e f Rasch 2017, p. 257.
8. ^ a b c d e Heller 1997, p. 74.
9. ^ Il gran Mogol : drama per musica / di Domenico Lalli ; da rappresentarsi nel Teatro di S. Bartolomeo nel giorno 26. di decembre 1713 ; dedicato alla grandezza impareggiabile dell'Eccellentiss. signor conte VVirrico di Daun, vicerè, e capitan generale in questo regno di Napoli, &c. at Trove website.
10. ^ Carlo Antonio de Rosa marchese di Villarosa (1840). Memorie dei compositori di musica del regno di Napoli: raccolte dal marchese di Villarosa. Naples: Stamperia reale, p. 110.
11. ^ Talbot 2011, pp. 25, 92.
12. ^ RISM 212008590
13. ^ Mus.2444-F-1 at Saxon State and University Library Dresden website
14. ^ Freeman, Daniel E. (1995). "Antonio Vivaldi and the Sporck Theater in Prague", pp. 117–140 in Janáček and Czech Music: Proceedings of The International Conference (St. Louis 1988). Pendragon Press. ISBN 094519336X, pp. 122, 129.
15. ^ Heller 1997, p. 73.

## Sources

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* Brover-Lubovsky, Bella (2008). Tonal Space in the Music of Antonio Vivaldi. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-35129-6.
* Dirksen, Pieter [in Dutch] (1992). "The Background to Bach's Fifth Brandenburg Concerto". The Harpsichord and its Repertoire: Proceedings of the International Harpsichord Symposium, Utrecht, 1990. Utrecht: STIMU Foundation for Historical Performance Practice. pp. 157–185. ISBN 9072786033.
* Heller, Karl (1997). Antonio Vivaldi: The Red Priest of Venice. Hal Leonard. ISBN 1574670158.
* Rasch, Rudolf (2017). "La famosa mano di Monsieur Roger: Antonio Vivaldi and his Dutch Publishers". In Talbot, Michael (ed.). Vivaldi. Routledge. pp. 241–290. ISBN 9781351537315.
* Talbot, Michael (2011). The Vivaldi Compendium. Boydell Press. ISBN 9781843836704.

## External links

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* Violin Concerto in D major, RV 208 (Vivaldi, Antonio), Organ Concerto in C major, BWV 594 (Bach, Johann Sebastian), 12 Concerti, Op.7 (Vivaldi, Antonio): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
* Concerto III in C Major (BWV 594) for Flute & Strings Archived 2018-06-27 at the Wayback Machine • Vivaldi Concerto for Violin in D RV208a: Scores at MuseScore website

* v
* t
* e

Antonio Vivaldi

* list of operas
* list of compositions

Operas|

* Ottone in villa (1713)
* Orlando furioso (RV 819) (1714)
* Orlando finto pazzo (1714)
* Nerone fatto Cesare (1715)
* La costanza trionfante degl'amori e de gl'odii (1716)
* Arsilda, regina di Ponto (1716)
* L'incoronazione di Dario (1717)
* Tieteberga (1717)
* Armida al campo d'Egitto (1718)
* Scanderbeg (1718)
* Teuzzone (1718)
* Tito Manlio (1719)
* La verità in cimento (1720)
* La Silvia (1721)
* Ercole su'l Termodonte (1723)
* Giustino (1724)
* Dorilla in Tempe (1726)
* Farnace (1727)
* Orlando furioso (RV 728) (1727)
* Atenaide (1728)
* Argippo (1730)
* Alvilda regina de' Goti (1731)
* Semiramide (1732)
* La fida ninfa (1732)
* Motezuma (1733)
* L'Olimpiade (1734)
* Bajazet (1735)
* Griselda (1735)
* L'oracolo in Messenia (1737)

Sacred music|

* Kyrie
* Gloria
* Nisi Dominus
* Credo
* Magnificat
* Stabat Mater
* Dixit Dominus
* Nulla in mundo pax sincera
* Introduzioni
* Juditha triumphans

Works with Op.|

* Twelve Trio Sonatas, Op. 1 (1705)
* Twelve Trio Sonatas, Op. 2 (1709)
* L'estro armonico, Op. 3 (1711)
* La stravaganza, Op. 4 (1714)
* Six Violin Sonatas, Op. 5 (1716)
* Six Violin Concertos, Op. 6 (1716–1721)
* Twelve Concertos, Op. 7 (1716–1717)
* Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, Op. 8
* 1723, includes Le quattro stagioni
* Mandolin Concerto, RV 425 (1725)
* La cetra, Op. 9 (1727)
* Concerto alla rustica for string orchestra (c. 1725–1730)
* Six Flute Concertos, Op. 10 (1728)
* Six Concertos, Op. 11 (1729)
* Six Violin Concertos, Op. 12 (1729)
* Grosso mogul, RV 208 (early violin concerto)
* Flute Concerto Il gran mogol, RV 431a (c. 1730)
* Lute Concerto, RV 93 (1730s)
* Concerto in C major, RV 559

Other|

* Cello sonatas
* Concerto for Two Cellos, RV 531
* Concerto for Two Trumpets

Namesakes|

* Vivaldi (crater)
* Vivaldi Glacier

Related|

* Bella Figura
* Concerto da camera
* Galant music
* Ryom-Verzeichnis
* Slice to Sharp
* Vivaldi's Cello
* 4 (2007 film)

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