Gryllidae

Family of crickets

Gryllidae

Temporal range: Early Cretaceous–Recent

PreꞒ

Female Gryllus campestris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Arthropoda
Class:  | Insecta
Order:  | Orthoptera
Suborder:  | Ensifera
Superfamily:  | Grylloidea
Family:  | Gryllidae
Laicharting, 1781[1]
Synonyms[2]

* Gryllides Laicharting, 1781
* Mitratogryllus Furukawa, 1985 (nomen nudum)
* Paragryllidae Desutter-Grandcolas, 1987

The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. They belong to the Orthopteran subfamily Ensifera, having long, whip-like antennae and has been reduced in terms of the older literature (e.g. Imms[3]), with taxa such as the spider-crickets and allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets elevated to family level.[a] The type genus is Gryllus and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Walker.[4]

They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica).[2] The largest members of the family are the 5 cm (2 in)-long bull crickets (Brachytrupes) which excavate burrows a metre or more deep. The tree crickets (Oecanthinae) are delicate white or pale green insects with transparent fore wings, while the field crickets (Gryllinae) are robust brown or black insects.[5]

1. ^ Many taxa in the Ensifera may be called crickets sensu lato, including the Rhaphidophoridae – cave or camel crickets; Stenopelmatidae – Jerusalem or sand crickets; Mogoplistidae – scaly crickets; Gryllotalpidae – mole crickets; Anabrus – mormon crickets; Myrmecophilidae – ant crickets; and Tettigoniidae – the bush crickets or katydids.

## Subfamilies[edit]

The family is divided into these subfamily groups, subfamilies, and extinct genera (not placed within any subfamily):[2]

* Subfamily group Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 – common or field crickets
* Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781
* Gryllomiminae Gorochov, 1986
* Gryllomorphinae Saussure, 1877
* †Gryllospeculinae Gorochov, 1985
* †Araripegryllus Martins-Neto 1987 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian ?Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Hauterivian
* †Brontogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
* †Cratogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
* †Gryllospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
* †Mongolospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
* †Nanaripegryllus Martins-Neto 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
* Itarinae Shiraki, 1930
* Landrevinae Gorochov, 1982
* Sclerogryllinae Gorochov, 1985
* Subfamily group Podoscirtinae
* Euscyrtinae Gorochov, 1985
* Hapithinae Gorochov, 1986
* Pentacentrinae Saussure, 1878
* Podoscirtinae Saussure, 1878 – anomalous crickets
* Subfamily Eneopterinae Saussure, 1893 – bush crickets (American usage), not to be confused with the Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush crickets)
* Subfamily Oecanthinae Blanchard, 1845 – tree crickets
* Subfamily unplaced: most extinct
* genus †Achetomorpha Gorochov, 2019 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
* genus †Eneopterotrypus – monotypic Zeuner, 1937 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
* genus †Fanzus – monotypic Zessin, 2019[6] Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian
* genus †Gryllidium Westwood, 1854
* genus †Lithogryllites Cockerell, 1908 Florissant Formation, United States, Eocene
* genus Menonia – monotypic M. cochinensis George, 1936 (tentative placement[7])
* genus †Nanaripegryllus – monotypic Martins-Neto, 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
* genus †Pherodactylus – monotypic Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
* genus †Proeneopterotrypus Gorochov, 2019 – monotypic †P. danicus (Rust, 1999) Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian

## References[edit]

1. ^ Laicharting JN von (1781) Verzeichnis und Beschreibung der Tyroler Insecten 1.
2. ^ a b c "Family Gryllidae (Laicharting, 1781)". Orthoptera Species File. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
3. ^ Imms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) A General Textbook of Entomology 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.
4. ^ Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 98.
5. ^ Resh, Vincent H.; Cardé, Ring T. (2009). Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press. pp. 232–236. ISBN 978-0-08-092090-0.
6. ^ Virgo 22. Jahrgang, 2019: ZESSIN, W.: Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Paläozän/Eozän) von Dänemark, Teil 4 (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Eumastacidae, Ensifera: Gryllidae; Odonata: Libellulidae: 56-63.
7. ^ Orthoptera Species File: genus Menonia George, 1936

## External links[edit]

* Data related to Gryllidae at Wikispecies
* Media related to Gryllidae at Wikimedia Commons

Taxon identifiers|

* Wikidata: Q47328
* Wikispecies: Gryllidae
* ADW: Gryllidae
* AFD: Gryllidae
* BOLD: 1877
* BugGuide: 157
* EoL: 996
* EPPO: 1GRYLF
* Fauna Europaea: 11894
* Fauna Europaea (new): e41b54e5-d3fd-440f-8284-b0868db9eeb3
* Fossilworks: 56642
* GBIF: 5925
* iNaturalist: 52884
* IRMNG: 101559
* ITIS: 102281
* NBN: NBNSYS0000160090
* NCBI: 6995
* NZOR: c2302870-ffdc-4c08-a101-420d9b8cf47f
* Orthoptera Species File: 1616
* Plazi: 7853845E-FF91-FFCA-FF24-9FA7FB05E731
* uBio: 5477586

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