Haikou

Prefecture-level city in Hainan, People's Republic of China

For other uses, see Haikou (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with haiku, a traditional Japanese form of poetry.

Prefecture-level city in Hainan, China

Haikou

海口市

Hoihow

Prefecture-level city

City of Haikou

Top: Panoramic view of Haikou from Xixiu Beach, Middle from left: A facade building in Zhongshan Road in Qiongshan District, Hainan Performance of Art Center, Haikou Century Bridge and Nandu River, Bottom: Haikou People's Park in Lonhua District

Nickname:

Coconut City (椰城)

Location of Haikou City jurisdiction in Hainan

Haikou

Location of the city centre in Hainan

Coordinates (Hainan People's Government): 20°01′07″N 110°20′56″E﻿ / ﻿20.0186°N 110.3488°E﻿ / 20.0186; 110.3488
Country| China
Province| Hainan
Government

• Type| Prefecture-level city
• Body| Haikou Municipal People's Congress
• CCP Committee Secretary| Ding Hui
Acting
• Congress Chairman| Han Yingwei
• Mayor| Ding Hui
• CPPCC Chairman| Guo Yanhong
Area

• Prefecture-level city

| 2,237 km2 (864 sq mi)
• Urban

(2018)[1]

| 427 km2 (165 sq mi)
• Metro

| 2,280 km2 (880 sq mi)
Population

(2020 Census)[2]

• Prefecture-level city

| 3,001,600
• Density| 1,300/km2 (3,500/sq mi)
• Urban

(2018)[3]

| 2,250,000
• Urban density| 5,300/km2 (14,000/sq mi)
• Metro

| 2,046,189
• Metro density| 900/km2 (2,300/sq mi)
GDP[4]

• Prefecture-level city| CN¥ 235.8 billion
US$ 33.4 billion
• Per capita| CN¥ 80,837
US$ 11,408
Time zone| UTC+08:00 (China Standard)
Postal code|

570000

Area code| 898
ISO 3166 code| CN-HI-01
Website| haikou.gov.cn
Haikou

"Haikou", as written in Chinese

Chinese| 海口
Postal| Hoihow
Literal meaning| Mouth of the sea
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Hǎikǒu
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping| hoi2hau2
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ| Hái-kháu
Hainanese Romanization| Hái-khāu

Haikou[a] is the capital and most populous city of the Chinese province of Hainan.[6] Haikou city is situated on the northern coast of Hainan, by the mouth of the Nandu River. The northern part of the city is on the Haidian Island, which is separated from the main part of Haikou by the Haidian River, a branch of the Nandu. Administratively, Haikou is a prefecture-level city, comprising four districts, and covering 2,280 square kilometres (880 sq mi). There are 2,046,189 inhabitants in the built-up area, all living within the four urban districts of the city.[7]

Haikou was originally a port city, serving as the port for Qiongshan. During the Chinese Civil War, Haikou was one of the last Nationalist strongholds to be taken by the Communists – with the Battle of Hainan Island in 1950. Currently, more than half of the island's total trade still goes through Haikou's ports. The Temple of the Five Lords is located to the southeast of the city.

The city is home to Hainan University, a comprehensive research university under the Project 211 and the Double First Class University Plan in certain disciplines,[8] which has its main campus on Haidian Island.

## History

[edit]

The hanzi characters comprising the city's name, 海口, mean ocean/sea and mouth/port, respectively. Thus, the name "Haikou" is also a word for "seaport" – similar to Portsmouth in Britain.[citation needed] Haikou originally served as the port for Qiongshan, the ancient administrative capital of Hainan island, located some 5 km (3.1 mi) inland to the south east. During its early history Haikou was a part of Guangdong province. In the 13th century it was fortified and became a military post under the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). The port is located west of the mouth of the Nandu River, Hainan's principal river. When Qiongshan was opened to foreign trade under the Treaty of Tianjin in 1858, Haikou started to rival the old administrative city. It was formerly known internationally as 'Hoihow', based on the Cantonese pronunciation by the British Raj officers. In 1926, Haikou overtook Qiongshan in population and it was declared a separate administrative city.

The city and island of Hainan stayed under the control of the Nationalists until April 1950, when it fell to the Communists during the Landing Operation on Hainan Island.

Since 1949, Haikou has maintained its position as Hainan's main port, handling more than half of the island's total trade. It has replaced Qiongshan as the island's administrative capital. In 1988, Haikou was made a prefecture-level city as well as the capital of the newly created Hainan Province.

Haikou old town contains a small portion of the oldest buildings in Haikou city that returnees from overseas built. The houses are a mixture of styles including Portuguese, French, and Southeast Asian. The streets used to be divided into different areas selling Chinese and western medicine, for silk and bespoke clothes, one for fresh fish and meat, and others for the sale of incense, candles, paper, ink, and other goods.

Various projects are currently under discussion to decide the best way to restore and preserve these historical buildings.[citation needed]

## Geography

[edit]

Haikou city map

Haikou is situated on the north coast of Hainan Island, by Haikou Bay, facing the Leizhou Peninsula across the Qiongzhou Strait that stretches west from Beibu Bay near Vietnam to the James Shoal bordering the South China Sea to the west. Most of the city is almost completely flat and only a few metres above sea level. It has an area of 2,304.84 km2 (889.90 sq mi).[citation needed][9] The Meishe River winds through the east side of the city flowing northward to the Haidian River.

The northern part of Haikou City, the district of Haidian Island, is separated from the main part of Haikou by the Haidian River, a tributary of the Nandu River. The district is accessed by one of four bridges, the largest being Haikou Century Bridge, which connects the Guomao district with Haidian Island at the estuary of the Haidian River. From east to west the remaining three road connections are provided by the Renmin, Heping and Xinbu Bridges.

Directly to the northeast of Haikou and to the east of Haidian Island is Xinbu Island.

## Climate

[edit]

Further information: Hainan § Annual fog

Haikou is on the northern tropical zone, and is part of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. April to October is the active period for tropical storms and typhoons, most of which occur between August and September. May to October is the rainy season with the heaviest rainfall occurring in September. The city has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from 2.8 °C (37 °F) on 12 January 1955 to 41.3 °C (106 °F) on 30 April 2024.

Climate data for Haikou, elevation 64 m (210 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 33.5
(92.3)  | 37.2
(99.0)  | 38.1
(100.6)  | 41.3
(106.3)  | 39.2
(102.6)  | 38.4
(101.1)  | 38.7
(101.7)  | 37.6
(99.7)  | 36.0
(96.8)  | 34.5
(94.1)  | 34.7
(94.5)  | 31.5
(88.7)  | 41.3
(106.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 21.3
(70.3)  | 23.0
(73.4)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 30.2
(86.4)  | 32.5
(90.5)  | 33.6
(92.5)  | 33.4
(92.1)  | 32.5
(90.5)  | 31.1
(88.0)  | 28.9
(84.0)  | 26.1
(79.0)  | 22.4
(72.3)  | 28.5
(83.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 18.2
(64.8)  | 19.3
(66.7)  | 22.4
(72.3)  | 25.6
(78.1)  | 27.9
(82.2)  | 28.9
(84.0)  | 28.9
(84.0)  | 28.3
(82.9)  | 27.6
(81.7)  | 25.9
(78.6)  | 23.2
(73.8)  | 19.6
(67.3)  | 24.7
(76.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 16.1
(61.0)  | 17.1
(62.8)  | 19.9
(67.8)  | 22.9
(73.2)  | 25.0
(77.0)  | 25.9
(78.6)  | 25.8
(78.4)  | 25.6
(78.1)  | 25.0
(77.0)  | 23.5
(74.3)  | 21.1
(70.0)  | 17.7
(63.9)  | 22.1
(71.8)
Record low °C (°F)  | 2.8
(37.0)  | 6.5
(43.7)  | 6.4
(43.5)  | 9.8
(49.6)  | 16.3
(61.3)  | 21.2
(70.2)  | 21.0
(69.8)  | 21.7
(71.1)  | 17.5
(63.5)  | 14.1
(57.4)  | 10.0
(50.0)  | 5.3
(41.5)  | 2.8
(37.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 23.5
(0.93)  | 29.9
(1.18)  | 42.9
(1.69)  | 80.0
(3.15)  | 191.4
(7.54)  | 238.9
(9.41)  | 247.6
(9.75)  | 293.0
(11.54)  | 268.8
(10.58)  | 274.1
(10.79)  | 59.6
(2.35)  | 38.3
(1.51)  | 1,788
(70.42)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 8.6  | 9.1  | 9.6  | 10.3  | 15.2  | 16.5  | 16.3  | 15.6  | 14.1  | 11.4  | 8.4  | 8.3  | 143.4
Average relative humidity (%)  | 85  | 86  | 84  | 82  | 81  | 80  | 80  | 82  | 82  | 79  | 80  | 80  | 82
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 91.5  | 97.0  | 128.5  | 160.4  | 208.5  | 211.7  | 230.6  | 210.0  | 174.5  | 165.7  | 121.0  | 95.5  | 1,894.9
Percentage possible sunshine | 27  | 30  | 34  | 42  | 51  | 53  | 57  | 53  | 48  | 46  | 36  | 28  | 42
Source: China Meteorological Administration[10][11][12][13] all-time extreme temperature[14][15]

### Environment

[edit]

As of 2018[update], Haikou has the second best air quality among major cities nationally, preceded only by Lhasa, Tibet.[16][17] However, since approximately 2009, due to an increase in the number of automobiles, there has been somewhat worsening air pollution.

According to the 2005 statistical book issued by the National Bureau of Statistics, Haikou scored the highest among China's main cities in air quality, with 366 days (2004) of ambient air quality equal to or above grade II, with only 0.033 milligrams/m2 of particulate matter (the least of all main cities), 0.003 milligrams/m2 of sulphur dioxide (only Lhasa had less), and 0.013 milligrams/m2 of nitrogen dioxide (the least of all main cities).[18]

In 1995, the Haikou city government began an initiative to improve the quality of life for its residents. With the approval of the World Health Organization, and Ministry of Health, a ten-point plan was undertaken to address such issues as:

* Community health care
* Vaccinations for children
* Waste recycling
* Green belts and urban trees
* Environmentally friendly construction
* Public toilets (These are available throughout the city, are staffed, and well maintained.)
* Sewage treatment
* Communications
* Noise pollution

The groundwater is of international standard[clarification needed], and is classified as mineral water.

By 2004, the city had established 43 new community health service centers reaching 85 percent of the population. The initiative has increased the size of Haikou's green spaces to 2,000 hectares, with trees lining 40 percent of its roads. Noise pollution has dropped from 61.1db to 58.2db and 300 public toilets have been built. All industrial effluents, industrial waste water and solid waste, and all live sewage, is now processed through centralized treatment centers, and is disposed of without environmental impact. These improvements and others have increased life expectancy in Haikou to 78.26 years.[19]

Haikou city has also built 163 model ecological villages. Now, over 200,000 villagers in 933 villages have tap water in their homes.

#### Comprehensive city-improvement campaign

[edit]

During 2015 and 2016, large-scale city improvements have taken place as part of a province-wide initiative called "double create" (双创). It is described by government sources as a campaign to create a cleaner city and create a more civilized city. It is focused on traffic and commerce, but has also improved the overall appearance of the city, tackling air pollution from industry emissions, aiming to ensure the safety of drinking water sources, improving public security in such places as hospitals, schools, malls, and visitor attractions.[20][21][22] Details of these improvements include:

* Traffic: Many new street crossings with traffic lights were installed around the city to improve two-wheel vehicles (consisting mainly of electric motorbikes) and pedestrian travel. Throughout the city, teams of police have been stationed at major intersections to ensure that two-wheel vehicles obey the law. Although there are many side lanes for these bikes, the actual pedestrian sidewalks serve as legal, one-way routes. Police at intersections stop vehicles either going the wrong way, or running red lights and the offenders may be forced to wear a red sash, stop other offenders, and lecture them.
* Commerce: Around August 2015, teams of officers physically removed nearly all illegal structures used for business in the city (a province-wide campaign) which were commonly made of corrugated metal or cinderblocks and were shop extensions or simply unused space that had been built upon. Street vendors were banned (most of whom sold vegetables or fruit), as was the night operation of roadside BBQ sites and the placement of tables onto the sidewalks by restaurants. These night time food operations were once common throughout the city.
* Roads and sidewalks: Many small roads have been repaved including narrow lanes in old neighbourhoods. Also, many sidewalks have been upgraded with new brick. Bricks are used as sidewalk material in Haikou because of the large amount of ficus trees, the roots of which deform the surrounding sidewalk.
* Demolition and reconstruction: A number of entire neighbourhoods within the city have been, and are being, entirely demolished with new buildings and roads being built.
* Starting around the beginning of 2018, the city government funded painting and cladding of a number of buildings in the city centre.

### Water and sewage treatment

[edit]

The treatment of Haikou's wastewater, and the supply of tap water is operated by the French company Veolia Water. The partial privatization agreement gives 49 percent ownership to Veolia Water in a 30-year joint venture with Haikou Water Group (2012–2042).[23][24][25][26]

## Demographics

[edit]

According to the 2010 Census, the prefecture-level city of Haikou has a registered population of 2,046,189 inhabitants, 537,848 more than the population declared on the past census in 2000.[7] The average annual population growth during the period 2000–2010 was of 3.1 percent.[27] Most of the population of Haikou are Han Chinese (around 97.75 percent, according to the 2010 Census).

## Subdivisions

[edit]

### Districts

[edit]

Haikou is divided in four districts. The information presented here uses 2010 Census data.

Map

Longhua

Xiuying

Qiongshan

Meilan

District  | Simplified Chinese  | Hanyu Pinyin  | Area (km2)  | Population
(2010)  | Density (/km2)
Longhua | 龙华区 | Lónghuá Qū | 275  | 593,018  | 2,156
Xiuying | 秀英区 | Xiùyīng Qū | 512  | 349,544  | 683
Qiongshan | 琼山区 | Qióngshān Qū | 940  | 479,960  | 511
Meilan | 美兰区 | Měilán Qū | 553  | 623,667  | 1128

### Neighbourhoods

[edit]

There are several distinct neighborhoods within the city, including:

#### Guomao

[edit]

Guomao is a relatively affluent area located on the coast between Longquan Road to the east running west for more than one kilometre. The west part of this area has experienced substantial development since about 2007, and now contains dozens of newly built high-rise residential apartment buildings.

#### Bo'ai Road

[edit]

Main article: Bo'ai Road area

Shopping street in Bo'ai Road area (French colonial district) Old town of Haikou, 2021

This historical area is located on the south side of the Haidian River, at the northern part of mainland Haikou. Much of the area comprises arcade style, dilapidated buildings with European fusion-type architectural facades with Indian and Arabic influences.[28] The buildings are almost all painted white, and are usually no more than a few storeys tall. The eastern part of the area is mainly residential. The western part contains hubs for such items as exotic foods, pets, and fabrics. The building facades and roads have been restored in most of the area, Zhongshan Road being the most notable.

#### Hainan University area

[edit]

Located on Haidian Island, this area comprises the entire portion of the island west of its main north–south road, Renmin Dadao. It appears similar to a typical student ghetto, containing many small, inexpensive food stands and restaurants.

#### Haikou West Coast

[edit]

A new neighbourhood is under development in Xiuying District around seven km west of downtown Haikou. Located within the neighbourhood are Hainan International Convention And Exhibition Center, Wuyuan River Stadium and Hainan Science and Technology Museum (expected to be completed in 2025). Also, a number of government offices have moved there and numerous residential apartment complexes are being built.

### Parks and recreational areas

[edit]

The ferris wheel at Baishamen Park

Main article: List of parks in Haikou

* Evergreen Park is a 71.3 hectare[29] park located on Binhai Road about 200 m west of the southern foot of Haikou Century Bridge. It is the largest park in Haikou, containing approximately ten thousand coconut trees and several hundred species of South Asian ornamental plants,[29] however, most of the park consists of grassy fields.
* Baishamen Park (White Sand Gate Park) was created in 2010 and is located on the north shore of Haidian Island. The park contains a small amusement park, and consists mostly of grass fields, with little tree cover.
* Changying Global 100 Fantasty Park is an under-construction amusement park around 12 km west of downtown Haikou.
* Golden Bull Mountain Ridge Park (Jinniuling Park) includes a small zoo, a lake, diverse flora, and a high percentage of forest areas, including a large bamboo forest. It is located on Haixiu Road, west of Longquan Road, the main north–south avenue in Haikou.
* Binhai Park is located east of Evergreen Park. There is a bougainvillea hybrid exhibition held each year. This park has a small lake and building used for community purposes in the middle.
* Haikou People's Park is a recently refurbished park located in the downtown area on Haixiu Road next to East Lake.[30] The park draws large numbers of people each morning who engage in exercises, predominantly tai chi, fitness dancing, and aerobics.
* Hainan International Friendship Park is planned to occupy 180,000 square metres (1,900,000 sq ft) of land, with a length of over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft).[31]
* Hongcheng Lake (红城湖) is one of the largest water bodies in the city being around equal in size to the lake at Golden Bull Mountain Ridge Park. It has three islands, the largest of which contains a defunct hotel. The lake is a popular location for fishermen. At night, hawker stalls are set up along the roadsides for tourists and locals to drink and dine.
* Holiday Beach is a 7-kilometre (4.3-mile)-long beach and visitor attraction adjacent to the west side of Haikou.
* Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve lies some 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south east of Haikou and was the first protected mangrove forest zone in China.
* Meishe River National Wetland Park, an eco-park located on the Meishe River

### Other notable locations

[edit]

* Zhongjie Road (忠介路), a shopping street with a long history
* Jiefang East Road, a busy shopping street located west of the Bo'ai Road area
* Guoxing Avenue, a main east–west street with many notable buildings
* The Haikou Tower is an under-construction supertall skyscraper. Located on Guoxing Avenue at Haifu Road, it will be 94-storeys, and is scheduled for completion between 2020 and 2023.

## Economy

[edit]

The new International Tourism and Central Business District on Guoxing Avenue

The GDP per capita was US$3,573 in 2008, ranked number 43 among 659 Chinese cities. In 2011, the city's GDP reached 71.3 billion yuan, amounting to about 30 percent of the province's total.[32]

Haikou exports substantial quantities of agricultural produce and livestock.[citation needed] There is a small amount of industry, including canning, textiles, rice hulling, and light engineering.

The "International Tourism and Central Business District" is under construction on the west part of Guoxing Avenue. The road was once only home to government buildings. Starting around 2011, HNA and other groups began erecting office buildings. Also located at the western end of Guoxing is the HNA Building, the headquarters of Hainan Airlines.[33]

Near the southern end of Haikou, automotive manufacturer Haima Automobile has its global headquarters.

The Haikou Free Trade Zone (Haikou FTZ) (海口保税区) is a state-level, 1.93 km2 area located between Nanhai Road and Yehai Road. It was approved on October 21, 1992, by the State Council.[34]

## Education

[edit]

See also: List of universities and colleges in Hainan

Hainan University just inside the north gate.

Several major educational institutions are located in Haikou:

* Hainan University has its main campus on Haikou's Haidian Island, with the South China Tropical Agricultural University, now part of the university, located in the southern part of the city.
* Hainan Normal University is the oldest institution for higher learning, with a new campus in Guilinyang. It has an enrolment of more than 20,000, including approximately 200 foreigner students.
* Hainan Medical College, founded in 1993, offers degrees in medicine. It is located in the southern part of the city.
* Qiongtai Normal University is located in Qiongshan District, with a new campus in Guilinyang.
* Haikou College of Economics, located by Guoxing Avenue, with a new campus in Guilinyang.
* Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences is located across the road from Hainan Medical College.
* Hainan Middle School

## Transportation

[edit]

* Main transportation hubs in Haikou:
* A: Haikou Port New Seaport area
* B: South Port
* C: Haikou Railway Station
* D: Haikou Port Xiuying Port area
* E: Haikou New Port
* F: Haikou Transportation Center (main bus station)
* G: Haikou East Railway Station
* H: Haikou Meilan International Airport

### Urban

[edit]

Haikou has an extensive urban bus service. Standard fare is 1 yuan, with no bus pass, ticket, or transfer system in place. Urban minibuses operated prior to 2009, but have since been phased-out. Taxi automobiles and electric motorbikes operate throughout the city. During 2009–2010, petrol-fueled motorbike taxis were banned and seized by police at numerous checkpoints within the city.

Haikou has experienced a substantial increase in cars since the early 2000s. Traffic on main streets, once light, is now similar to other major cities, with rush hour problems that have prompted the city to expand several main roads and build a new elevated road from the west end of Guoxing Avenue to new developments west of Holiday Beach.

Many main roads in the city have a side lane, separated by a median, for two-wheeled vehicles.

Physical barriers were installed on many of the main two-way streets throughout the city in order to separate opposing lanes. These were installed for safety reasons to prevent pedestrians from crossing the streets at locations other than intersections.

Roundabouts are not prevalent in Haikou, being used mainly on Hai Xiu road, and a few other locations.

Traffic cameras are used at many main intersections in the city, with tickets being issued by post for traffic light infractions.

There is one tunnel in the city, the Qiaozhong Road Tunnel.

#### Shared bicycles

[edit]

A Haikou Public Bicycle System station.

The Haikou Public Bicycle System has about 20,000 bicycles. A pre-paid swipe card system is used to gain access to them. Starting on January 24, 2017, privately run app-based "dockless" shared bikes came into service. By April, there were about 40,000 of these types of bikes available.[35] Ofo, Mobike, and "Quick to" all cost 2 RMB per hour. Ofo and "Quick to" bikes have tires with tubes, meaning many are left around the city with flat tires. The Haikou Public Bicycle System has installed a number of new, more modern bikes with tires that cannot be punctured. Part of Mobike's fleet also uses these types of tires.

### Air

[edit]

Haikou is served by Haikou Meilan International Airport (IATA: HAK, ICAO: ZJHK[1]), which is located 25 km (16 mi) from the city.

In January 2011, Haikou was selected to be the first test site for an experiment allowing private helicopter flight in China.[36]

### Rail

[edit]

Haikou East railway station

A railway links Haikou to the mainland. A ferry service transports the railway cars, along with other motor vehicles across the strait.

The Hainan East Ring Railway links Haikou and Sanya. There are 15 stations in between, either in operation or still under construction. Trains are designed to travel at 250 km/h (155 mph). Travel time from Haikou to Sanya is approximately 1 hour and 22 minutes. The main station in Haikou is Haikou East railway station located near the southern end of Long Quan Road. In 2018, the Haikou South Station, the main bus station, relocated and is now directly to the south east of the Haikou East Railway Station.

In 2015, the Hainan western ring high-speed railway started operation. This second high-speed railway runs along the west coast of Hainan connecting with the Hainan Eastern Ring Railway.

Starting July 1, 2019, the Haikou Suburban Trains began operation. Up to 7 CRH6F-A (CRH6F with only 4 carriages) trains with specially designed liveries will operate between Haikou station and Meilan station. The longest distance it will travel one-way is around 38 kilometers with 4 stations in between.[37]

### Road

[edit]

Three main highways connect Haikou to other parts of Hainan, running east, west, and south through the middle of the province. The Haiwen expressway connects the city with Wenchang to the southeast. The main bus station is Haikou Transportation Center, located beside Haikou East railway station.

### Seaports

[edit]

Haikou Xiuying Port

Haikou has four seaports for passenger and cargo service. Haikou New Port, formerly known as the Inner Harbour, is located on the southern side of the mouth of the Haidian River. Approximately 7 km (4 mi) west of Haikou New Port is Haikou Xiuying Port. This port is considerably larger, and is the main distribution centre for cargo entering Hainan. It is also a major port for immigration onto Hainan Island. Around 20 km (12 mi) west of downtown Haikou are South Port and Haikou Port New Seaport.

## Arts and culture

[edit]

Haikou City Stadium

Several large public buildings now occupy Guoxing Avenue, the new area for arts and culture. These include the Hainan Provincial Museum, the Hainan Provincial Library, and the Hainan Centre for the Performing Arts. These are all located near to one another on the south side of the road, west of Haikou College of Economics, Haikou campus.

At the west side of Evergreen Park is the Haikou Great Hall of the People, a concert hall, and Hainan Exhibition & Convention Center, a large centre for trade shows and other commercial events. Haikou City Stadium, is the main venue for sports events, and is located at the southeast corner of Evergreen Park.

Wuyuan River Stadium

The Wuyuan River Stadium opened in April 2018. It is located west of downtown Haikou, near the newly built Haikou West Coast. With a capacity of over 40,000, it is the largest stadium in the province.

Older cultural sites include the now-restored buildings of the Bo'ai Road area, the tomb of Hai Rui, Xiuying Fort in the Guomao area, the Temple of the Five Lords, the cemetery for the martyrs of Hainan's Battle of the Liberation, and the former temple Haikou Yazhou Gu Cheng.

### Nightlife

[edit]

Bars and KTV are patronized until after midnight. There are several popular bar streets within the city. Up until 2015, roadside BBQ sites were common throughout the city. A large-scale campaign to clean up the city has since prohibited them.

## Tourism

[edit]

Also known as the "Coconut city", Haikou is an important tourist destination for China.[38] The city received 4.11 million tourists in 2002, up 7.99 percent from 2001. In 2019, the number of tourists in Haikou has exceeded 83.11 million. The city earned approximately three billion yuan (361 million US dollars) from the tourism industry during that period, up 11 percent from the previous year.[39]

Haikou is also developing its Meetings, Incentives, Conferencing, Exhibitions industry. The local government set up the Haikou Convention and Exhibition Bureau in June 2012 and pledged RMB35 million (US$5.6 million) to support the development of the MICE industry.[40] More international hotel chains are also arriving. By 2013, international brands included Shangri-La, Westin (opening September 2013[41]), and Sheraton.

In 2016, the China Merchants holdings group unveiled its plans to develop Shenzhen, Haikou and Sanya as the three destination ports that its South China Sea passenger cruises would serve. Subsequently, a large passenger cruise terminal was inaugurated in Shenzhen in October 2016.[42]

## Sister cities

[edit]

Haikou has international relationships with these places:[43]

Cities | Country |

Date of Establishing Sisterhood Relationship

|
|

Darwin | Australia | September 5, 1990
Perth | United Kingdom | February 3, 1992
Saint Nazaire | France | June 27, 1992
Oklahoma City | United States | November 20, 1992
Zanzibar City | Tanzania | October 30, 1997
Gdynia | Poland | April 24, 2006
Victoria | Seychelles | July 25, 2007
Yangon | Myanmar | June 16, 2017
North Lombok Regency | Indonesia |
Scottsdale | United States |

## Gallery

[edit]

* A view south from Binhai road

* Haikou Century Bridge

* Hainan Provincial Library

* Hainan Museum

* A view east from Evergreen Park area

* The customs building

* A view of Century Bridge from Haidian Island at Night

## See also

[edit]

* China portal

* List of twin towns and sister cities in China

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ /haɪˈkoʊ/;[5] Chinese: 海口; pinyin: Hǎikǒu; formerly romanized as Hoihow

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22.
2. ^ 海南省统计局 海南省第七次全国人口普查领导小组办公室. "海南省第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）". 海南省统计局. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
3. ^ Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22.
4. ^ 海南省统计局、国家统计局海南调查总队 (November 2022). 《海南统计年鉴－2022》. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-7838-4. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
5. ^ "Haikou". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on May 19, 2021.
6. ^ "Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions". PRC Central Government Official Website. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
7. ^ a b 海口市2010第六次人口普查主要数据公报. Haikou People's Government (in Chinese). Haikou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. 11 May 2011. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
8. ^ 教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设 学科名单的通知 [Notice from the Ministry of Education and other national governmental departments announcing the list of double first class universities and disciplines] (in Chinese). Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.
9. ^ "Geography of Haikou" (in Chinese). Official website of Haikou government. 2008-04-01. Archived from the original on 2009-02-06. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
10. ^ 中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data (in Chinese (China)). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2020-04-15.
11. ^ "无标题文档". Archived from the original on 2014-07-10. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
12. ^ "Experience Template" CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020) (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2023-04-11.
13. ^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
14. ^ "Extreme Temperatures Around the World". Retrieved 2013-02-21.
15. ^ "Sina Visitor System" 【高温】今天重庆四川包揽高温榜前十，重庆巫溪44.2℃不仅拿下今天全国第一，也打破当地观测史最高纪录。今天重庆四川陕西湖北海南云南有13站打破8月最高气温纪录，海口37.6℃也在列。除了重庆巫溪，四川苍溪41℃、湖北孝感39.5℃、陕西留坝37.8℃，共4站打破观测史最高气温纪录。 今天12个省会首府直辖市出现高温，海口和重庆沙坪坝创出今年气温新高。通常重庆最热在8月，这个不意外。海口最热往往是4-5月，今年最高气温落在8月，也是相当少见。今天郑州拿下第47个高温日，打破全年最多纪录。明天高温依然处于鼎盛阶段，但6-7日随着冷空气南下，降雨发展，高温缩减。 明天四川东部、重庆一带，还是40℃的核心高温区。重庆沙坪坝报出41℃。之后重庆的连续40℃可能暂时告一段落，到了11日重庆都有机会退出高温区。而未来高温最持久的可能是海口。又连续报出7天，这样在8月的连续高温不多见。8日以后两广一带随着降雨减少，广州和南宁的高温会增多。 (in Simplified Chinese). weatherman_信欣 on Weibo. Retrieved 4 August 2025.
16. ^ "China reports better air quality in July".
17. ^ Hong, Lin; Thai, Michael. "Fuzhou ranks third in air quality across the nation". chinadaily.com.cn. ChinaDaily. Retrieved 2014-06-18.
18. ^ "Ambient Air Quality in Main Cities (2004) in China Statistics 2005". Retrieved 2010-06-27.
19. ^ "Haikou's Healthy New Environment". China.org.cn. 2004-08-27. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
20. ^ \-- 海南省人民政府网. www.hainan.gov.cn (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
21. ^ "海口市"双创"工作动员大会--人民网海南视窗--人民网". Archived from the original on 2015-09-30. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
22. ^ 冉苗俊. 为海口“双创”从啃硬骨头下手点赞__海南新闻网_南海网. www.hinews.cn (in Simplified Chinese).
23. ^ 海口威立雅水务. Haikouvw.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
24. ^ "Veolia's big bid for Haikou Water | Global Water Intelligence – Archive: Global Water Intelligence". Globalwaterintel.com. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
25. ^ "Haikou City No. 1 Water Affairs Company Limited – Individual Project Information – Private Infrastructure Projects – The World Bank & PPIAF". Ppi.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
26. ^ 威立雅水務(海口)投資有限公司注册信息|Veolia Water (Haikou) Investment Co. Limited registered information (in Chinese). Hkcopinfo.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
27. ^ (in Chinese) Compilation by LianXin website. Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China Archived 2012-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
28. ^ "Qilou Arcade Streets in Haikou, China's Hainan". Usa.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2013-04-26.
29. ^ a b "Evergreen Park | Haikou Living ~ 'drs2biz'". Drs2biz.wordpress.com. 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
30. ^ "Haikou Parks". Archived from the original on 2014-02-20. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
31. ^ "Hainan to build International Friendship Park in Haikou – What's On Sanya". Archived from the original on 2017-06-08. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
32. ^ Zhang Zhao. "Haikou promotes projects for international fair". China Daily. Retrieved 2014-06-18.
33. ^ "Contact Us" (Archived 2010-07-23 at the Wayback Machine). Hainan Airlines. Retrieved on October 3, 2009.
34. ^ "Haikou Free Trade Zone". hktdc.com. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
35. ^ "Hainan to record unruly shared bike usage in personal credit system". www.ecns.cn.
36. ^ "China Loosens the Screws on a Toehold of Its Airspace". Archived from the original on 2011-02-18. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
37. ^ 海南环岛高铁海口市郊列车今天正式开通运营！_车辆. www.sohu.com (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2019-07-17.
38. ^ "Haikou travel guide". www.travelchinaguide.com. Travel China Guide. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
39. ^ "More Scenic Sites to Be Built in South China Province". China.org.cn. 2003-03-22. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
40. ^ "Surf's up for Hainan island". TTGmice. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
41. ^ "THE WESTIN HAIKOU – OPENING SEPTEMBER 28, 2013". Westin. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
42. ^ Silver Seas – Brochure and Press release. China merchants group.
43. ^ "List of Sister Cities of Haikou". Archived from the original on 2020-05-26. Retrieved 2019-08-08.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haikou.

Look up Haikou or Hai-k'ou in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Haikou.

* Haikou Government Archived 2013-12-27 at the Wayback Machine
* Haikou Government (in Chinese)
* Detailed information about Haikou
* Haikou Free Trade Zone
* Haikou Free Trade Zone map
* Map of Haikou Free Trade Zone
* Real-time air quality index

* v
* t
* e

City of Haikou

Geography|

| Districts|

* Longhua
* Meilan
* Qiongshan
* Xiuying

|

Features|

| Parks|

* List of parks in Haikou
* Baishamen Park
* Binhai Park
* Evergreen
* Golden Bull Mountain Ridge
* Hainan International Friendship
* Meishe River National Wetland Park
* People's

|

Other|

* East Lake
* Guoxing Avenue
* Haidian Island
* Haidian River
* Haikou Bay
* Holiday Beach
* Hongcheng Lake
* Movie Town Haikou
* Meishe River

Education|

* Hainan University
* Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
* Haikou College of Economics
* Hainan Medical College
* Hainan Normal University
* Hainan Science and Technology Museum
* Haikou Volcanic Cluster Global Geopark

Transportation|

| Sea|

* Haikou New Port
* Haikou Port New Seaport
* Haikou Xiuying Port

|

Rail|

* Haikou East railway station
* Haikou railway station
* Meilan railway station

Air|

* Haikou Meilan International Airport

Culture|

| Sites|

* Bo'ai Road area
* Martyrs' cemetery
* Tomb of Hai Rui
* Haikou Yazhou Gu Cheng
* Temple of the Five Lords
* Xiuying Fort

|

Facilities|

* Haikou City Stadium
* Wuyuan River Stadium
* Hainan Centre for the Performing Arts
* Hainan Library
* Hainan Provincial Museum
* Wormhole Library

Media|

* Haikou Television
* Hainan Television
* Hainan Daily
* Haikou Evening News
* Nanguo Metropolis Daily

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

County-level divisions of Hainan

Haikou (capital)

Prefecture-level
cities|

| Haikou|

* Longhua
* Meilan
* Qiongshan
* Xiuying

|

Sanya|

* Jiyang
* Tianya
* Haitang
* Yazhou

Sansha|

* Xisha District
* Zhongsha*
* Nansha District

Danzhou|

* v
* t
* e

Danzhou

Chengqu Area*|

* Nada town
* Heqing town
* Nanfeng town
* Dacheng town
* Yaxing town
* Lanyang town
* Guangcun town
* Dongcheng town

Binhai Area*|

* Sandou Subdistrict
* Mutang town
* Haitou town
* Eman town
* Wangwu town
* Baimajing town
* Zhonghe town
* Paipu town
* Xingzhou town

* Not a formal administrative subdivision

Hainan in China

Provincial
administered|

| County-level cities|

* Wuzhishan city
* Qionghai city
* Wenchang city
* Wanning city
* Dongfang city

|

Counties|

* Ding'an County
* Tunchang County
* Chengmai County
* Lingao County

Autonomous counties|

* Baisha County
* Changjiang County
* Ledong County
* Lingshui County
* Baoting County
* Qiongzhong County

* Township-level divisions of Hainan
* Politics of Hainan

* v
* t
* e

Hainan topics

Haikou (capital)

General|

* History
* Historical and cultural sites
* Politics
* Economy
* Free Trade Port

Geography|

* Islands of Hainan
* Dazhou Island
* Haidian Island
* Haitang Bay
* Sanya Bay
* Nandu River
* Wanquan River
* Songtao Reservoir
* Wuzhizhou Island
* Wuzhi Mountain
* Yangpu Peninsula
* Yongxing Island/Woody Island

Flora and fauna|

* Hainan yellow lantern chili
* Hainan gymnure
* Hainan partridge
* Hainan peacock-pheasant
* Hainan black crested gibbon
* Hainan hare

Media|

* Hainan TV
* Haikou TV
* Nanguo Metropolis Daily
* Hainan Daily

Transportation|

* Hainan Eastern Ring HSR
* Hainan Western Ring HSR
* Hainan Airlines
* Haikou Meilan International Airport
* Qionghai Bo'ao Airport
* Sanya Phoenix International Airport
* Basuo Port
* Haikou New Port
* Haikou Xiuying Port
* Macun Port
* Port of Yangpu

Education|

* Haikou College of Economics
* Hainan Medical University
* Hainan Normal University
* Hainan University
* Qiongzhou University/Hainan Tropical Ocean University
* Sanya University

Demographics|

* Hainanese
* Li
* Miao
* Zhuang
* Utsul
* Tanka
* Lingao people [zh]
* Mainland People [zh]

Buildings and structures|

* Crown of Beauty Theatre
* Haikou Century Bridge
* Haikou Great Hall of the People
* Hainan Centre for the Performing Arts
* Hainan Exhibition & Convention Center
* Hainan Library

Cuisine|

* Hainan chicken rice
* Wenchang chicken

Visitor attractions|

* Statue of Guanyin
* Hainan Museum
* Leiqiong/Haikou Volcanic Cluster Global Geopark
* Luobi Cave
* Mission Hills Star Trophy
* Nanwan Monkey Island
* Nanshan Temple
* Phoenix Island
* Temple of the Five Lords
* Tianya Haijiao
* Yangpu Ancient Salt Field
* Yalong Bay

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

Metropolitan cities of China

Major metropolitan regions

* Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)
* Greater Bay Area
* Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)
* Zhongyuan
* Chengyu
* Cross-Strait Western Coast
* Guanzhong
* Mid-Southern Liaoning
* Shandong Peninsula
* Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)

Major cities

| National Central Cities|

* Beijinga
* Chongqinga
* Guangzhoub2
* Shanghaia2
* Tianjina2

|

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

Regional Central Cities|

* Chengdub
* Nanjingb
* Shenyangb
* Shenzhenc1
* Wuhanb
* Xi'anb

Sub-provincial cities|

* Changchunb
* Chengdub
* Dalianc2
* Guangzhoub2
* Hangzhoub
* Harbinb
* Jinanb
* Nanjingb
* Ningboc2
* Qingdaoc2
* Shenyangb
* Shenzhenc1
* Wuhanb
* Xiamenc1
* Xi'anb

Provincial capitals
(Prefecture-level)|

* Changsha
* Fuzhou2
* Guiyang
* Haikou
* Hefei
* Kunming
* Lanzhou
* Nanchang
* Shijiazhuang
* Taiyuan
* Xining
* Zhengzhou
* Taibei5

Autonomous regional capitals|

* Hohhot
* Lhasa
* Nanning
* Ürümqi
* Yinchuan

Comparatively large cities|

* Anshan
* Baotou
* Benxi
* Datong
* Fushun
* Jiujiang
* Handan
* Huainan
* Jilin
* Luoyang
* Qiqihar
* Suzhou
* Tangshan
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Zibo

Prefecture-level cities by province

| Hebei|

* Shijiazhuang*
* Tangshan*
* Qinhuangdao2
* Handan*
* Xingtai
* Baoding
* Zhangjiakou
* Chengde
* Cangzhou
* Langfang
* Hengshui

|

Shanxi|

* Taiyuan*
* Datong*
* Yangquan
* Changzhi
* Jincheng
* Shuozhou
* Jinzhong
* Yuncheng
* Xinzhou
* Linfen
* Lüliang

Inner Mongolia|

* Hohhot*
* Baotou*
* Wuhai
* Chifeng
* Tongliao
* Ordos
* Hulunbuir
* Bayannur
* Ulanqab

Liaoning|

* Shenyang*
* Dalian*
* Anshan*
* Fushun*
* Benxi*
* Dandong
* Jinzhou
* Yingkou
* Fuxin
* Liaoyang
* Panjin
* Tieling
* Chaoyang
* Huludao

Jilin|

* Changchun*
* Jilin
* Siping
* Liaoyuan
* Tonghua
* Baishan
* Songyuan
* Baicheng

Heilongjiang|

* Harbin*
* Qiqihar*
* Jixi
* Hegang
* Shuangyashan
* Daqing
* Yīchun
* Jiamusi
* Qitaihe
* Mudanjiang
* Heihe
* Suihua

Jiangsu|

* Nanjing*
* Wuxi*
* Xuzhou*
* Changzhou
* Suzhou*
* Nantong
* Lianyungang2
* Huai'an
* Yancheng
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang
* Tàizhou
* Suqian

Zhejiang|

* Hangzhou*
* Ningbo*
* Wenzhou2
* Jiaxing
* Huzhou
* Shaoxing
* Jinhua
* Quzhou
* Zhoushan
* Tāizhou
* Lishui

Anhui|

* Hefei*
* Wuhu
* Bengbu
* Huainan*
* Ma'anshan
* Huaibei
* Tongling
* Anqing
* Huangshan
* Chuzhou
* Fuyang
* Sùzhou
* Lu'an
* Bozhou
* Chizhou
* Xuancheng

Fujian|

* Fuzhou*
* Xiamen*
* Putian
* Sanming
* Quanzhou
* Zhangzhou
* Nanping
* Longyan
* Ningde

Jiangxi|

* Nanchang*
* Jingdezhen
* Pingxiang
* Jiujiang
* Xinyu
* Yingtan
* Ganzhou
* Ji'an
* Yíchun
* Fǔzhou
* Shangrao

Shandong|

* Jinan*
* Qingdao*
* Zibo*
* Zaozhuang
* Dongying
* Yantai2
* Weifang
* Jining
* Tai'an
* Weihai
* Rizhao
* Laiwu
* Linyi
* Dezhou
* Liaocheng
* Binzhou
* Heze

Henan|

* Zhengzhou*
* Kaifeng
* Luoyang*
* Pingdingshan
* Anyang
* Hebi
* Xinxiang
* Jiaozuo
* Puyang
* Xuchang
* Luohe
* Sanmenxia
* Nanyang
* Shangqiu
* Xinyang
* Zhoukou
* Zhumadian

Hubei|

* Wuhan*
* Huangshi
* Shiyan
* Yichang
* Xiangyang
* Ezhou
* Jingmen
* Xiaogan
* Jinzhou
* Huanggang
* Xianning
* Suizhou

Hunan|

* Changsha*
* Zhuzhou
* Xiangtan
* Hengyang
* Shaoyang
* Yueyang
* Changde
* Zhangjiajie
* Yiyang
* Chenzhou
* Yongzhou
* Huaihua
* Loudi

Guangdong|

* Guangzhou*
* Shaoguan
* Shenzhen*
* Zhuhai1
* Shantou1
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Zhanjiang2
* Maoming
* Zhaoqing
* Huizhou
* Meizhou
* Shanwei
* Heyuan
* Yangjiang
* Qingyuan
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Chaozhou
* Jieyang
* Yunfu

Guangxi|

* Nanning*
* Liuzhou
* Guilin
* Wuzhou
* Beihai2
* Fangchenggang
* Qinzhou
* Guigang
* Yùlin
* Baise
* Hezhou
* Hechi
* Laibin
* Chongzuo

Hainan1|

* Haikou*
* Sanya
* Sansha4
* Danzhou

Sichuan|

* Chengdu*
* Zigong
* Panzhihua
* Luzhou
* Deyang
* Mianyang
* Guangyuan
* Suining
* Neijiang
* Leshan
* Nanchong
* Meishan
* Yibin
* Guang'an
* Dazhou
* Ya'an
* Bazhong
* Ziyang

Guizhou|

* Guiyang*
* Liupanshui
* Zunyi
* Anshun
* Bijie
* Tongren

Yunnan|

* Kunming*
* Qujing
* Yuxi
* Baoshan
* Zhaotong
* Lijiang
* Pu'er
* Lincang

Tibet|

* Lhasa*
* Shigatse
* Chamdo
* Nyingchi
* Shannan

Shaanxi|

* Xi'an*
* Tongchuan
* Baoji
* Xianyang
* Weinan
* Yan'an
* Hanzhong
* Yúlin
* Ankang
* Shangluo

Gansu|

* Lanzhou*
* Jiayuguan
* Jinchang
* Baiyin
* Tianshui
* Wuwei
* Zhangye
* Pingliang
* Jiuquan
* Qingyang
* Dingxi
* Longnan

Qinghai|

* Xining*
* Haidong

Ningxia|

* Yinchuan*
* Shizuishan
* Wuzhong
* Guyuan
* Zhongwei

Xinjiang|

* Ürümqi*
* Karamay
* Turpan
* Hami

Taiwan5|

* (none)

Other cities (partly shown below)

| Prefecture-level capitals
(County-level)|

* (Inner Mongolia: Ulanhot
* Xilinhot)
* Jiagedaqi3, Heilongjiang
* Enshi, Hubei
* Jishou, Hunan
* (Sichuan：Xichang
* Kangding
* Barkam)
* (Guizhou: Xingyi
* Kaili
* Duyun)
* (Yunnan: Chuxiong
* Mengzi
* Wenshan
* Jinghong
* Dali
* Mangshi
* Shangri-La
* Lushui)
* (Gansu: Linxia
* Hezuo)
* (Qinghai: Yushu
* Delingha)
* (Xinjiang: Changji
* Bole
* Korla
* Yining
* Artush
* Aksu
* Kashgar1
* Hotan
* Tacheng
* Altay)

|

Province-governed cities
(Sub-prefecture-level)|

* Jiyuan, Henan
* (Hubei: Xiantao
* Qiánjiang
* Tianmen
* Shennongjia)
* (Hainan1: Wuzhishan
* Qionghai
* Wenchang
* Wanning
* Dongfang)
* (Xinjiang \- XPCC(Bingtuan) cities: Shihezi
* Aral
* Tumxuk
* Wujiaqu
* Beitun
* Tiemenguan
* Shuanghe
* Kokdala
* Kunyu)

Former Prefecture-level cities|

* Chaohu, Anhui
* Yumen，Gansu
* Dongchuan, Yunnan
* Shashi, Hubei
* (Sichuan: Fuling
* Wanxian)
* (Jilin: Meihekou
* Gongzhuling)

Sub-prefecture-level cities
(Prefecture-governed)|

* Qian'an, Hebei
* Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia
* Erenhot, Inner Mongolia
* Golmud, Qinghai

County-level cities by province

| Hebei|

* Xinji
* Jinzhou
* Xinle
* Zunhua
* Qian'an*
* Wu'an
* Nangong
* Shahe
* Zhuozhou
* Dingzhou
* Anguo
* Gaobeidian
* Botou
* Renqiu
* Huanghua
* Hejian
* Bazhou
* Sanhe
* Shenzhou

|

Shanxi|

* Gujiao
* Lucheng
* Gaoping
* Jiexiu
* Yongji
* Hejin
* Yuanping
* Houma
* Huozhou
* Xiaoyi
* Fenyang

Inner Mongolia|

* Holingol
* Manzhouli*
* Yakeshi
* Zhalantun
* Ergun
* Genhe
* Fengzhen
* Ulanhot*
* Arxan
* Erenhot*
* Xilinhot*

Liaoning|

* Xinmin
* Wafangdian
* Zhuanghe
* Haicheng
* Donggang
* Fengcheng
* Linghai
* Beizhen
* Gaizhou
* Dashiqiao
* Dengta
* Diaobingshan
* Kaiyuan
* Beipiao
* Lingyuan
* Xingcheng

Jilin|

* Yushu
* Dehui
* Jiaohe
* Huadian
* Shulan
* Panshi
* Gongzhuling
* Shuangliao
* Meihekou
* Ji'an
* Linjiang
* Fuyu
* Taonan
* Da'an
* Yanji
* Tumen
* Dunhua
* Hunchun
* Longjing
* Helong

Heilongjiang|

* Shangzhi
* Wuchang
* Nehe
* Hulin
* Mishan
* Tieli
* Tongjiang
* Fujin
* Fuyuan
* Suifenhe
* Hailin
* Ning'an
* Muling
* Dongning
* Bei'an
* Wudalianchi
* Anda
* Zhaodong
* Hailun

Jiangsu|

* Jiangyin
* Yixing
* Xinyi
* Pizhou
* Liyang
* Changshu
* Zhangjiagang
* Kunshan
* Taicang
* Qidong
* Rugao
* Haimen
* Dongtai
* Yizheng
* Gaoyou
* Danyang
* Yangzhong
* Jurong
* Jingjiang
* Taixing
* Xinghua

Zhejiang|

* Jiande
* Lin'an
* Yuyao
* Cixi
* Fenghua
* Rui'an
* Yueqing
* Haining
* Pinghu
* Tongxiang
* Zhuji
* Shengzhou
* Lanxi
* Yiwu
* Dongyang
* Yongkang
* Jiangshan
* Wenling
* Linhai
* Longquan

Anhui|

* Chaohu
* Jieshou
* Tongcheng
* Tianchang
* Mingguang
* Ningguo

Fujian|

* Fuqing
* Changle
* Yong'an
* Shishi
* Jinjiang
* Nan'an
* Longhai
* Shaowu
* Wuyishan
* Jian'ou
* Zhangping
* Fu'an
* Fuding

Jiangxi|

* Leping
* Ruichang
* Gongqingcheng
* Lushan
* Guixi
* Ruijin
* Jinggangshan
* Fengcheng
* Zhangshu
* Gao'an
* Dexing

Shandong|

* Zhangqiu
* Jiaozhou
* Jimo
* Pingdu
* Laixi
* Tengzhou
* Longkou
* Laiyang
* Laizhou
* Penglai
* Zhaoyuan
* Qixia
* Haiyang
* Qingzhou
* Zhucheng
* Shouguang
* Anqiu
* Gaomi
* Changyi
* Qufu
* Zoucheng
* Xintai
* Feicheng
* Rongcheng
* Rushan
* Laoling
* Yucheng
* Linqing

Henan|

* Gongyi
* Xingyang
* Xinmi
* Xinzheng
* Dengfeng
* Yanshi
* Wugang
* Ruzhou
* Linzhou
* Weihui
* Huixian
* Qinyang
* Mengzhou
* Yuzhou
* Changge
* Yima
* Lingbao
* Dengzhou
* Yongcheng
* Xiangcheng
* Jiyuan*

Hubei|

* Daye
* Danjiangkou
* Yidu
* Dangyang
* Zhijiang
* Laohekou
* Zaoyang
* Yicheng
* Zhongxiang
* Yingcheng
* Anlu
* Hanchuan
* Shishou
* Honghu
* Songzi
* Macheng
* Wuxue
* Chibi
* Guangshui
* Enshi*
* Lichuan
* Xiantao*
* Qianjiang*
* Tianmen*

Hunan|

* Liuyang
* Liling
* Xiangxiang
* Shaoshan
* Leiyang
* Changning
* Wugang
* Miluo
* Linxiang
* Jinshi
* Yuanjiang
* Zixing
* Hongjiang
* Lengshuijiang
* Lianyuan
* Jishou*

Guangdong|

* Lechang
* Nanxiong
* Taishan
* Kaiping
* Heshan
* Enping
* Lianjiang
* Leizhou
* Wuchuan
* Gaozhou
* Huazhou
* Xinyi
* Sihui
* Xingning
* Lufeng
* Yangchun
* Yingde
* Lianzhou
* Puning
* Luoding

Guangxi|

* Cenxi
* Dongxing
* Guiping
* Beiliu
* Jingxi
* Yizhou
* Heshan
* Pingxiang

Hainan|

* Wuzhishan*
* Qionghai*
* Wenchang*
* Wanning*
* Dongfang*

Sichuan|

* Dujiangyan
* Pengzhou
* Qionglai
* Chongzhou
* Jianyang
* Guanghan
* Shifang
* Mianzhu
* Jiangyou
* Emeishan
* Langzhong
* Huaying
* Wanyuan
* Barkam*
* Kangding*
* Xichang*

Guizhou|

* Qingzhen
* Chishui
* Renhuai
* Xingyi*
* Kaili*
* Duyun*
* Fuquan

Yunnan|

* Anning
* Xuanwei
* Tengchong
* Chuxiong*
* Mengzi*
* Gejiu
* Kaiyuan
* Mile
* Wenshan*
* Jinghong*
* Dali*
* Ruili
* Mangshi*
* Lushui*
* Shangri-La*

Tibet|

* (none)

Shaanxi|

* Xingping
* Hancheng
* Huayin

Gansu|

* Yumen
* Dunhuang
* Linxia*
* Hezuo*

Qinghai|

* Yushu*
* Golmud*
* Delingha*

Ningxia|

* Lingwu
* Qingtongxia

Xinjiang|

* Changji*
* Fukang
* Bole*
* Alashankou
* Korla*
* Aksu*
* Artush*
* Kashgar*
* Hotan*
* Yining*
* Kuytun
* Korgas
* Tacheng*
* Wusu
* Altay*
* Shihezi*
* Aral*
* Tumxuk*
* Wujiaqu*
* Beitun*
* Tiemenguan*
* Shuanghe*
* Kokdala*
* Kunyu*

Taiwan5|

* (none)

Notes

* Indicates this city has already occurred above.

aDirect-administered municipalities. bSub-provincial cities as provincial capitals. cSeparate state-planning cities. 1Special economic-zone cities. 2Open coastal cities.
3Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.
4Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.
5The claimed province of Taiwan no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See Administrative divisions of Taiwan instead.

All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.

* v
* t
* e

Capitals of China by jurisdiction

National:

* PRC Beijing
* ROC Taipei

Provinces:

* AH Hefei
* FJ Fuzhou (PRC) / Jincheng (ROC¹)
* GD Guangzhou
* GS Lanzhou
* GZ Guiyang
* HA Zhengzhou
* HB Wuhan
* HE Shijiazhuang
* HI Haikou
* HL Harbin
* HN Changsha
* JL Changchun
* JS Nanjing
* JX Nanchang
* LN Shenyang
* QH Xining
* SC Chengdu
* SD Jinan
* SN Xi'an
* SX Taiyuan
* TW Taipei (PRC)¹ / Zhongxing NV (ROC)
* YN Kunming
* ZJ Hangzhou

Autonomous Regions:

* GX Nanning
* NM Hohhot
* NX Yinchuan
* XJ Ürümqi
* XZ Lhasa

Municipalities:

* BJ Tongzhou
* CQ Yuzhong
* SH Huangpu
* TJ Hexi

SARs:

* HK Hong Kong
* MO Macau

¹ — Taiwan and Fujian are administered as a streamlined provinces by the Republic of China, but those are claimed by the PRC.

* v
* t
* e

Prefecture-level divisions of China

Notes: *Provincial capitals, ★Sub-provincial cities, ☆Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture *Sub prefectural-level divisions, ✧"Comparatively larger city [zh]" (较大的市) as approved by the State Council

| Provinces|

| Anhui|

* *Hefei
* Wuhu
* Bengbu
* Huainan
* Ma'anshan
* Huaibei
* Tongling
* Anqing
* Huangshan
* Chuzhou
* Fuyang
* Suzhou
* Lu'an
* Bozhou
* Chizhou
* Xuancheng

|

Fujian|

* *Fuzhou
* ★Xiamen
* Putian
* Sanming
* Quanzhou
* Zhangzhou
* Nanping
* Longyan
* Ningde

Gansu|

* *Lanzhou
* Jiayuguan
* Jinchang
* Baiyin
* Tianshui
* Wuwei
* Zhangye
* Pingliang
* Jiuquan
* Qingyang
* Dingxi
* Longnan
* Linxia (Hui)
* Gannan (Tibetan)

Guangdong|

* *★Guangzhou
* ★Shenzhen
* Shaoguan
* Zhuhai
* Shantou
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Zhanjiang
* Maoming
* Zhaoqing
* Huizhou
* Meizhou
* Yangjiang
* Shanwei
* Heyuan
* Qingyuan
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Jieyang
* Yunfu

Guizhou|

* *Guiyang
* Liupanshui
* Zunyi
* Anshun
* Bijie
* Tongren
* Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)

Hainan|

* *Haikou
* Sanya
* Danzhou
* Sansha
* *Wuzhishan
* *Qionghai
* *Wenchang
* *Wanning
* *Dongfang
* *Ding'an County
* *Tunchang County
* *Chengmai County
* *Lingao County
* *Baisha County (Li)
* *Changjiang County (Li)
* *Ledong County (Li)
* *Lingshui County (Li)
* *Baoting County (Li and Miao)
* *Qiongzhong County (Li and Miao)

Hebei|

* *Shijiazhuang
* ✧Tangshan
* Qinhuangdao
* Handan
* Xingtai
* Baoding
* Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"
* Chengde
* Cangzhou
* Langfang
* Hengshui

Henan|

* *Zhengzhou
* Kaifeng
* Luoyang
* Pingdingshan
* Anyang
* Hebi
* Xinxiang
* Jiaozuo
* Puyang
* Xuchang
* Luohe
* Sanmenxia
* Nanyang
* Shangqiu
* Xinyang
* Zhoukou
* Zhumadian
* *Jiyuan

Hubei|

* *★Wuhan
* Huangshi
* Shiyan
* Yichang
* Xiangyang
* Ezhou
* Jingmen
* Xiaogan
* Jingzhou
* Huanggang
* Xianning
* Suizhou
* Enshi (Tujia and Miao)
* *Xiantao
* *Qianjiang
* *Tianmen
* *Shennongjia Forestry District

Heilongjiang|

* *★Harbin
* Qiqihar
* Jixi
* Hegang
* Shuangyashan
* Daqing
* Yichun
* Jiamusi
* Qitaihe
* Mudanjiang
* Heihe
* Suihua
* Daxing'anling Prefecture

Hunan|

* *Changsha
* Zhuzhou
* Xiangtan
* Hengyang
* Shaoyang
* Yueyang
* Changde
* Zhangjiajie
* Yiyang
* Chenzhou
* Yongzhou
* Huaihua
* Loudi
* Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)

Jilin|

* *★Changchun
* Jilin
* Siping
* Liaoyuan
* Tonghua
* Baishan
* Songyuan
* Baicheng
* Yanbian (Korean)

Jiangsu|

* *★Nanjing
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Changzhou
* ✧Suzhou
* Nantong
* Lianyungang
* Huai'an
* Yancheng
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang
* Taizhou
* Suqian

Jiangxi|

* *Nanchang
* Jingdezhen
* Pingxiang
* Jiujiang
* Xinyu
* Yingtan
* Ganzhou
* Ji'an
* Yichun
* Fuzhou
* Shangrao

Liaoning|

* *★Shenyang
* ★Dalian
* Anshan
* Fushun
* Benxi
* Dandong
* Jinzhou
* Yingkou
* Fuxin
* Liaoyang
* Panjin
* Tieling
* Chaoyang
* Huludao

Qinghai|

* *Xining
* Haidong
* Haibei (Tibetan)
* Huangnan (Tibetan)
* Hainan (Tibetan)
* Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)
* Yushu (Tibetan)
* Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)

Sichuan|

* *★Chengdu
* Zigong
* Panzhihua
* Luzhou
* Deyang
* Mianyang
* Guangyuan
* Suining
* Neijiang
* Leshan
* Nanchong
* Meishan
* Yibin
* Guang'an
* Dazhou
* Bazhong
* Ziyang
* Ya'an
* Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)
* Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)
* Liangshan (Yi)

Shaanxi|

* *★Xi'an
* Tongchuan
* Baoji
* Xianyang
* Weinan
* Yan'an
* Hanzhong
* Yulin
* Ankang
* Shangluo

Shandong|

* *★Jinan
* ★Qingdao
* Zibo
* Zaozhuang
* Dongying
* Yantai
* Weifang
* Jining
* Tai'an
* Weihai
* Rizhao
* Linyi
* Dezhou
* Liaocheng
* Binzhou
* Heze

Shanxi|

* *Taiyuan
* Datong
* Yangquan
* Changzhi
* Jincheng
* Shuozhou
* Jinzhong
* Yuncheng
* Xinzhou
* Linfen
* Lüliang

Taiwan|

* *Taibei
* Gaoxiong
* Xinbei
* Taizhong
* Tainan
* Taoyuan

Yunnan|

* *Kunming
* Qujing
* Yuxi
* Baoshan
* Zhaotong
* Lijiang
* Pu'er
* Lincang
* Chuxiong (Yi)
* Honghe (Hani and Yi)
* Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)
* Xishuangbanna (Dai)
* Dali (Bai)
* Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)
* Nujiang (Lisu)
* Dêqên (Tibetan)

Zhejiang|

* *★Hangzhou
* ★Ningbo
* ✧Wenzhou
* Jiaxing
* Huzhou
* Shaoxing
* Jinhua
* Quzhou
* Zhoushan
* Taizhou
* Lishui

Autonomous
regions|

| Guangxi|

* *Nanning
* Liuzhou
* Guilin
* Wuzhou
* Beihai
* Fangchenggang
* Qinzhou
* Guigang
* Yulin
* Baise
* Hezhou
* Hechi
* Laibin
* Chongzuo

|

Ningxia|

* *Yinchuan
* Shizuishan
* Wuzhong
* Guyuan
* Zhongwei

Inner
Mongolia|

* *Hohhot
* ✧Baotou
* Wuhai
* Chifeng "Ulankhad"
* Tongliao
* Ordos
* Hulunbuir
* Bayannur "Bayannao'er"
* Ulanqab
* Hinggan League
* Xilingol League
* Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"

Xinjiang|

* *Ürümqi
* Karamay
* Turpan
* Hami
* Changji (Hui)
* Bortala (Mongol)
* Bayingolin (Mongol)
* Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)
* ( ☆Ili (Kazakh)
* Tacheng Prefecture
* Altay Prefecture )
* Aksu Prefecture
* Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture
* Hotan Prefecture
* *Shihezi
* *Aral
* *Tumxuk
* *Wujiaqu
* *Beitun
* *Tiemenguan
* *Shuanghe
* *Kokdala
* *Kunyu
* *Huyanghe
* *Xinxing

Tibet|

* *Lhasa
* Shigatse "Xigazê"
* Chamdo "Qamdo"
* Nyingchi "Linzhi"
* Shannan
* Nagqu
* Ngari Prefecture

| Direct-administered municipalities|

* Beijing
* Tianjin
* Shanghai
* Chongqing

|

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

See also: List of prefectures in China, List of cities in China

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* Yale LUX

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