Haitian Coast Guard

Water policing and coast guard unit of the National Police

Law enforcement agency

Coast Guard Commission of Haiti
Commissariat des Gardes-Côtes d’Haïti

Flag[1]

Abbreviation| G-Cd'H
Agency overview
Formed| 1997
Employees| 200
Jurisdictional structure
National agency
(Operations jurisdiction)| Haiti
Operations jurisdiction| Haiti
Legal jurisdiction| Haitian and international waters
Specialist jurisdiction|

* Coastal patrol, marine border protection, marine search and rescue.

Operational structure
Headquarters| Killick, Port-au-Prince
Agency executive|

* Joseph Jean Mary Wagnac, Commandant[1]

Parent agency| Haitian National Police

The Haitian Coast Guard, officially the Haitian Coast Guard Commission (French: Commissariat des Gardes-Côtes d’Haïti; abbreviated G-Cd'H), is an operational unit of the Haitian National Police. It is one of the few law enforcement organisations in the world to combine water policing and coast guard duties while remaining as a policing unit. It operates primarily as a law enforcement agency, with secondary responsibilities in search and rescue.

The Haitian Coast Guard had its name changed several times. The Haitian Navy (Marine Haitienne) existed from 1860 until the U.S. occupation in 1915 and then again from 1970 until the U.S. Operation Restore Democracy in 1994. The Coast Guard was established in the late 1930s and was renamed as the Navy in 1970, before being abolished with the rest of the Armed Forces in 1994.[2] In 1997, the Haitian Coast Guard was recreated as a special unit in the Haitian National Police,[3] and since then it has received assistance in the form of training and equipment from the United States Coast Guard and the Canadian Coast Guard.[4]

The Haitian Coast Guard has four bases[1] along with eight patrol boats[5] and 200 personnel.[6] The Killick Coast Guard base at the harbor of Port-au-Prince is the headquarters of the Coast Guard, and it also has bases in Cap-Haïtien, Les Cayes, and Port-de-Paix.[1]

## History

[edit]

### 1937–1970

[edit]

The Haitian Coast Guard was formed in the late 1930s, 20 years after the disbandment of the Haitian Navy, and was equipped with two small picket boats named 1 and 2 and the 161-ton Sans Souci. The latter was formerly the American yacht Captain James Taylor.

During World War II, six 83-foot cutters, named 1 through 6, were transferred from the US Coast Guard in 1942. Three 121-ton SC-class submarine chasers, Toussaint Louverture, 16 Aout 1946, and Amiral Killick, were transferred in 1947, along with the 47-ton cutter Savannah and the light transport Vertières. The two picket boats were withdrawn at this time.

In 1948, a US Naval Mission arrived in Haiti.

The transport Vertières sank in 1951 and was replaced by the Artibonite, a tank landing craft which had been previously wrecked on the Haitian coast and was subsequently salvaged.

The Coast Guard remained this way until the Admiral Killick was stricken in 1954 and was replaced by a US-sourced buoy tender given the same name in 1955. In 1956 a new 100-ton coast cutter, La Crête-à-Pierrot, was acquired from the United States. The two remaining submarine chasers were stricken in 1960 which is when the new Vertières, sister to the La Crête-à-Pierrot, was acquired. The US Navy netlayer USS Tonawanda, renamed Jean-Jacques Dessalines, arrived in 1960 for a five-year, extended to 17-year lease.

### 1997–present

[edit]

After the Armed Forces of Haiti were disbanded in 1995, the remnants of the Haitian Navy were transferred to the Coast Guard,[7] which was active from 1997 as part of the Haitian National Police, the agency that replaced the Armed Forces.[8] Since being reestablished, the Haitian Coast Guard received extensive support from the United States Coast Guard.[4] As of 2004, the U.S. spent $4.6 million on training Haitian personnel, providing them with boats, and restoring the Coast Guard base in Port-au-Prince.[9]

In the year 2000, the Coast Guard had 40 personnel and four Boston Whaler boats that were provided by the United States in 1996. The older ships from the Haitian navy were no longer operational. The Boston Whaler boats underwent a refit in Miami in 1999.[7]

As of 2011 there were 99 coast guardsmen. In 2015 the number of Coast Guard personnel increased to 150,[10] and as of 2019 it was 200.[6]

## Structure

[edit]

The marine police is exercised by a specialized unit of the National Police called the Commissariat des Gardes-Côtes d’Haïti.[1]

### Role and mission

[edit]

The core mission of the Coast Guard is to secure the maritime area of Haiti through surveillance of territorial waters and the safety of maritime navigation divided into these different functions:[11]

* Perform active surveillance of the national maritime areas;
* Ensuring compliance with laws and regulations regarding fishing and navigation;
* Participate in the fight against drug trafficking;
* Participate in the fight against all forms of crime.

### Current fleet

[edit]

As of 2023:[5]

Class  | Origin  | Quantity  | Ships  | Combat displacement  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

Coastal patrol craft
3812-VCF-class patrol boat |  United States | 3  |  | 15 tons  |
Dauntless-class patrol boat  |  United States | 5  |  | 14 tons[11] | First two boats received in 2010 as part of a contract for five boats.[11]

#### Identification

[edit]

Haitian Coast Guard vessels are marked with a diagonal blue before red slash and before the words Gardes-Côtes. Coast Guard vessels are painted all-white.[11]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e "High Level / Technical Visit Report to the Republic of Haiti" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. June 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
2. ^ Metz 2001, pp. 470–471.
3. ^ Metz 2001, p. 479.
4. ^ a b Wartko 1999, pp. 38–39.
5. ^ a b IISS 2023, p. 402.
6. ^ a b "Coast Guard of Haiti : Only 4 boats in bad condition to control 1,500 km of coastline". icihaiti.com. 5 December 2019.
7. ^ a b Sharpe 2000, p. 285.
8. ^ Metz 2001, p. 477–479.
9. ^ The Situation in Haiti: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Second Session, March 3, 2004. U.S. Government Printing Office. 2004. ISBN 978-0-16-071884-7.
10. ^ Zack, Baddorf (11 November 2015). "Haiti's Tiny Coast Guard Faces a Huge Challenge". Warisboring.com.
11. ^ a b c d "SeaArk Completes Haiti Coast Guard Boats". MarineLink.com. 22 February 2010. Retrieved 1 June 2024.

## References

[edit]

* Avril, Prosper (1999). From Glory to Disgrace: The Haitian Army, 1804-1994. Universal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-58112-836-9.
* Blackman, Raymond V. B. (1969). Jane's Fighting Ships 1969-70. London: Jane's Yearbooks. ISBN 978-0-354-00050-5.
* Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
* IISS (2023). The Military Balance 2023. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-032-50895-5.
* Metz, Helen Chapin (2001). Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. LCCN 2001023524.
* Sharpe, Richard (2000). Jane's Fighting Ships 2000-2001. Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-2018-7.
* Sharpe, Richard (1989). Jane's Fighting Ships 1989-90. Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-0886-1.
* Sharpe, Richard (1994). Jane's Fighting Ships 1994-95. Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-1161-7.
* Smigielski, Adam & Jaskula, Andrzej M. (1986). "Haiti". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
* Walker, Thomas C. (2004). "The U.S. Navy in the Caribbean 1903-1920". Presence, Prevention, and Persuasion: A Historical Analysis of Military Force and Political Influence. Lanham: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-0726-3.
* Wartko, Daniel (December 1999). High, Leslie (ed.). "U.S. Coast Guard's Peacetime Missions Have Global Reach". U.S. Foreign Policy Agenda. 4 (3). U.S. Department of State.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Williamson, Charles T. (1999). The U.S. Naval Mission to Haiti, 1959-1963. ISBN 1-55750-941-7.

## External links

[edit]

* Official Coast Guard page [permanent dead link]
* Official National Police page
* Canadian Embassy article

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