Hakubun Shimomura

Japanese politician (born 1954)

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Hakubun Shimomura

下村 博文

Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
In office
26 December 2012 – 7 October 2015
Prime Minister| Shinzō Abe
Preceded by| Makiko Tanaka
Succeeded by| Hiroshi Hase
Member of the House of Representatives
for Tokyo 11th district

Incumbent

Assumed office
20 October 1996
Personal details
Born|  (1954-05-23) 23 May 1954 (age 70)
Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
Political party| Liberal Democratic Party
Alma mater| Waseda University
Website| Official website

Hakubun Shimomura (下村 博文, Shimomura Hakubun, born 23 May 1954) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature).

Shimomura is affiliated with the openly revisionist organization Nippon Kaigi.[1] As Minister of Education, he oversaw the approval of textbooks that have been described as minimizing Japan's role in the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II,[2] to avoid a "masochistic view of history".[3] He has advocated for Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to deny the Nanjing Massacre and the existence of the comfort women system.[4]

## Early life and education

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A native of Takasaki, Gunma, Shimomura was born on 23 May 1954.[5] He lost his father at the age of nine and endured severe financial hardship in order to complete his education, but obtained scholarships to complete high school and university. He operated a cram school while enrolled as a student at Waseda University.[6]

## Career

[edit]

Shimomura had served in the assembly of Tokyo for two terms since 1989. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1996. He is a representative of the district of Tokyo No. 11 in the lower house.[5] He was deputy chief cabinet secretary in the first government of Shinzo Abe in 2006.[5]

### Minister of Education

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Shimomura was again appointed to the Cabinet by Shinzo Abe as minister of education, culture, sports, science and technology on 26 December 2012.[7] As minister, Shimomura expanded the ability of local schools to provide Saturday classes[8] and pushed for the globalization of Japanese universities by increasing English skills and hiring more foreign faculty.[9]

#### Textbook controversies

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See also: Japanese history textbook controversies

As education minister, Shimomura became associated with the various Japanese history textbook controversies.[10][2][3] He advocated for avoiding a "masochistic view of history" about Japan's role in the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.[3] Textbooks approved under his administration have been described as "[diluting] or [expunging] references to Japanese war crimes".[2] He claimed that examinations of Japanese textbooks were fair and impartial, although he wanted a more "patriotic take on Japan". He claimed he wanted to seek to balance out the bad aspects of Japan's history and emphasize points of pride.[10][2] Shimomura also advocated for revoking the 1995 Murayama Statement, in which remorse was expressed to Asia for Japan's wartime atrocities.[11] All textbooks he approved stressed the Japanese government's position on territorial disputes with Japan's neighbors.[2]

### Later career

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He oversaw preparations by the Organising Committee for the 2020 Summer Olympics on behalf of the national government in Tokyo before being replaced by Olympics Minister Toshiaki Endo on 25 June 2015.[12][13]

Following the resignation of Tokyo governor Naoki Inose on 19 December 2013, Shimomura was widely rumored to be a potential candidate for the gubernatorial election expected to be held in February 2014, along with Yuriko Koike, Hideo Higashikokubaru, Seiko Hashimoto and Yoichi Masuzoe.[14] The LDP excluded his name from consideration in a 20 December poll so that he could focus his efforts on the Tokyo Olympics.[15]

## Political views

[edit]

Shimomura is affiliated with the openly revisionist organization Nippon Kaigi,[1] and his political views are fully consistent with the organization's agenda.

Prior to the 2012 general election, Shimomura told the magazine Apple Town that "we intend to construct a genuinely conservative administration... [such that] has only existed for about three years since the war", describing tensions with China and South Korea as a "national crisis" and stating that "the 67 years since the end of World War II have been a history of Japan’s destruction."[16]

In 2012, he argued that Abe "should declare that the Nanjing Massacre did not take place and the issue of comfort women does not exist. He should fully negate the Tokyo Trials historical viewpoint and should also visit Yasukuni Shrine".[4] He made these comments in spite of remarks he had made in 2007 that "it is true that there were comfort women. I believe some parents may have sold their daughters. But it does not mean the Japanese army was involved."[17] Following his appointment as education minister in 2012, he refused to comment on the issue but stated that "the government has decided to study Japan's interpretation of history, including the Kono Statement [acknowledging the army's involvement], and I would like to express my views during that process, if necessary."[6]

In 2007, Shimomura said in response to four upcoming films on the 70th anniversary of the Nanjing Massacre in China, "There will be various movies and exhibitions on the Nanking incident, and it is natural that we should make efforts to suggest more details of facts and prevent wrong views from spreading in China".[18]

Shimomura refused to intercede in a debate over the censorship of the manga Barefoot Gen, which depicts the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Japan's culpability in World War II, by a school board in Matsue, stating that young students may not be able to understand its depictions properly.[19]

Shimomura supported the restarting of nuclear power reactors in Japan following the Fukushima nuclear disaster, stating that "if Japan finds itself losing its power supply, companies would quickly relocate their operations abroad and deindustrialization would rapidly spread – and Japan wouldn't be able to revitalize its economy."[6]

Shimomura has a son with a learning disability who graduated from the University of the Arts London in 2013. Shimomura commented to the New York Times that his son would not have been able to enroll in a Japanese university, and said "the British system is more open to a broader range of people and talents... I would like to see the system here be revamped so that avenues of opportunities will be open to all children. After all, considering where we want to go, it is less important for us to create 10,000 people with run-of-the mill capabilities than a few with superb talents."[9]

In April 2018, Shimomura called it "almost a crime" for the TV reporter who complained of sexually harassment (explicit language) to have secretly taped the former Ministry of Finance top official Junichi Fukuda [ja] who was her alleged victimizer and "selling" the story to a tabloid weekly. The originally anonymous reporter was revealed to be affiliated with TV Asahi by the time Shimomura made the statement. Although he retracted his choice of words the next day, he still insisted he had a point to make in that the reporter violated the journalistic principle of speaking off-the-record, and he spoke out because he suspected her of staging this with the intention of selling the story to the tabloids from the beginning.[20]

## References

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1. ^ a b "Abe’s reshuffle promotes right-wingers" – Korea Joongang Daily – 2014/09/05
2. ^ a b c d e "Hearts and minds". The Economist. 10 April 2015. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
3. ^ a b c "Abe Shinzo: Japan's New Prime Minister a Far-Right Denier of History". The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
4. ^ a b Katz, Richard (13 January 2014). "Abe not placating the right; he is the right". East Asia Forum.
5. ^ a b c "Cabinet Profiles". The Japan Times. 26 December 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
6. ^ a b c Ito, Masami (30 December 2012). "Rightwing minister seeks to radically revamp education system". The Japan Times. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
7. ^ Abe elected premier, launches Cabinet Archived 30 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The Yomiuri Shimbun 27 December 2012.
8. ^ Torres, Ida (4 July 2013). "Ministry of Education to allow schools to hold Saturday classes next year". Japan Daily Press. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
9. ^ a b Tanikawa, Miki (25 August 2013). "Japan's Education Minister Aims to Foster Global Talents". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
10. ^ a b Fitzpatrick, Michael (12 October 2014). "Japan's Divided Education Strategy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
11. ^ McNeill, David (16 September 2013). "Historians in Japan and China Vow to Resist Revisionist Efforts". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
12. ^ Japan's Sports Minister Shimomura to lead Tokyo 2020 preparations
13. ^ Toshiaki Endo appointed Olympics minister
14. ^ "猪瀬知事が辞職表明 「都政を停滞させられない」". 日本経済新聞. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013. "自民党の石破茂幹事長は19日午前、東京都連幹部と協議し、年内の候補者決定を目指す方針を確認した。党内では小池百合子元防衛相や下村博文文部科学相、橋本聖子参院議員らの名前が取り沙汰されている。７月の参院選への出馬を見送った元新党改革代表の舛添要一氏、日本維新の会を離党して衆院議員を辞職した東国原英夫氏らの名前も浮上している。"
15. ^ "都知事選「勝てる候補」は？ 自民、７氏選び世論調査". 日本経済新聞. 21 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
16. ^ Warnock, Eleanor (30 December 2012). "Magazine Interview Shows LDP's Nationalist Side". Wall Street Journal Japan Real Time. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
17. ^ International Business Times Japan's Emperor Akihito Banned in Sex Slave Row with South Korea. 16 August 2012 Retrieved on 18 August 2012
18. ^ "Japan seeks truth about Nanjing massacre". Reuters. 11 May 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
19. ^ Torres, Ida (22 August 2013). "Education board questioned over request to ban anti-war manga 'Barefoot Gen'". Japan Daily Press. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
20. ^ "Veteran LDP lawmaker's remarks on sexual harassment case blasted by Komeito head". The Japan Times. Kyodo. 24 April 2018.

## External links

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Political offices

Preceded by

Makiko Tanaka

|  Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
2012–2015  | Succeeded by

Hiroshi Hase

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* United States
* Japan

Academics|

* CiNii