Hakuchō (train)

Japanese limited express train service

Hakuchō
Super Hakuchō

A 485-3000 series EMU on a Hakuchō service at Aomori Station in January 2003

Overview
Service type| Limited express
Status| Discontinued
Locale| Japan
First service| 1960 (Semi express)
1961 (Limited express)
Last service| March 2016
Successor| Hokkaido Shinkansen services
Former operator(s)| JNR, JR East, JR Hokkaido
Route
Termini| Shin-Aomori
Hakodate
Distance travelled| 164.3 km (102.1 mi)
Line(s) used| Tsugaru-Kaikyō Line
On-board services
Class(es)| Green + standard
Seating arrangements| 2+2
Catering facilities| Trolley service
Technical
Rolling stock| 485-3000 series (Hakuchō)
789 series/785 series (Super Hakuchō) EMUs
Track gauge| 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Electrification| 20 kV AC, 50 Hz
Operating speed| 140 km/h (87 mph)

The Hakuchō (白鳥, Hakuchō) and Super Hakuchō (スーパー白鳥) were Japanese limited express train services which operated between Shin-Aomori and Hakodate via the undersea Seikan Tunnel from December 2002 until March 2016. The services were operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido) respectively.

## Hakuchō[edit]

The Hakuchō services operated between Shin-Aomori and Hakodate using refurbished JR East 485-3000 series six-car EMUs, extended to eight cars during busy seasons.[1] Services operated at a maximum speed of 140 km/h (85 mph) on the ATC-controlled section of the Seikan Tunnel, with the fastest services between Shin-Aomori and Hakodate taking 2 hours 8 minutes.[2]

The Hakuchō name actually dated back to 1960, as the name of a service which ran from Osaka to Aomori until March 2001. The name was reused for the new services starting in 2002 by popular demand.

## Super Hakuchō[edit]

The Super Hakuchō services operated between Shin-Aomori and Hakodate using JR Hokkaido 789 series six- and eight-car EMUs and a converted 785-300 series 2-car EMU set.[1] As with the Hakuchō services, these trains operated at a maximum speed of 140 km/h (85 mph) on the ATC-controlled section of the Seikan Tunnel, with the fastest services between Shin-Aomori and Hakodate taking 2 hours 1 minute.[2]

* A JR Hokkaido 789 series EMU on a Super Hakuchō service in August 2010

* A converted 785-300 series EMU on a Super Hakuchō service in August 2011

## History[edit]

### Semi express[edit]

The Hakuchō service was first introduced from 28 December 1960, as a semi express service operating between Akita and Same via Aomori.[3]

A 485 series EMU on a Hakuchō service at Aomori Station in 1991

### Limited express[edit]

From 1 October 1961, the train was upgraded to become a limited express service operating between Osaka and Aomori and Ueno via Naoetsu using KiHa 80 series diesel multiple units. From 1965, the Ueno services were separated to become the Hakutaka, and the Hakuchō was rerouted via Niigata. 485 series electric multiple units were used from October 1972. From 1988, the rolling stock was refurbished and repainted in a new livery of cream with light blue and dark blue waistline stripes.[3] Hakuchō services between Osaka and Aomori ran until 2 March 2001.

### Kaikyo Line limited express[edit]

From 1 December 2002, the "Hakuchō" name was revived for services between Hachinohe and Hakodate, coinciding with the opening of the Tohoku Shinkansen extension from Morioka to Hachinohe, replacing the earlier locomotive-hauled Kaikyō rapid services which operated between Morioka and Hakodate.[1]

From the start of the revised timetable on 4 December 2010, with the opening of the Tohoku Shinkansen from Hachinohe to Shin-Aomori, the Hakuchō and Super Hakuchō trains were also reorganized to operate from Shin-Aomori to Hakodate via Aomori.

### Withdrawal[edit]

A JR Hokkaido 785-300 series two-car EMU and 789 series six-car EMU combination on a Super Hakuchō service in March 2016

The Hakucho and Super Hakucho services were discontinued in March 2016 ahead of the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen high-speed line. The last services operated on 21 March 2016.[4]

## See also[edit]

* List of named passenger trains of Japan

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c JR新幹線＆特急列車ファイル [JR Shinkansen & Limited Express Train File]. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbun. 2008. p. 82\. ISBN 978-4-330-00608-6.
2. ^ a b Kekke, Yoshiyuki (August 2013). JR高速在来線列車ガイド [JR high-speed conventional train service guide]. Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 42, no. 352\. Japan: Kotsu Shimbun. pp. 16–17.
3. ^ a b 列車名鑑1995 [Train Name Directory 1995]. Japan: Railway Journal. August 1995. pp. 81–128.
4. ^ 特急“スーパー白鳥”・“白鳥”運転終了 ["Super Hakucho" and "Hakucho" limited express services end]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 22 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hakuchō & Super Hakuchō.

* JR East 485 series Hakuchō (in Japanese)

* v
* t
* e

Named trains of East Japan Railway Company

Shinkansen|

* Asama
* Hakutaka
* Hayabusa
* Hayate
* Kagayaki
* Komachi
* Nasuno
* Tanigawa
* Toki
* Tsubasa
* Yamabiko

Limited express (daytime)|

* Akagi
* Azusa
* Fuji Excursion
* Hachiōji
* Hitachi
* Inaho
* Kaiji
* Kinugawa
* Kusatsu/Shiman
* Narita Express
* Nikkō
* Odoriko
* Ōme
* Sazanami
* Shiosai
* Shirayuki
* Shōnan
* Spacia Kinugawa
* Saphir Odoriko
* Tokiwa
* Tsugaru
* Wakashio

Rapid|

* Banetsu Monogatari
* Holiday Rapid Okutama/Akigawa
* Holiday Rapid View Yamanashi
* Resort Shirakami
* Shimokita
* Bay Liner (Odakyu)

Local|

* Musashino
* Shimōsa

Excursion|

* SL Ginga
* TRAIN SUITE Shiki-shima
* Cassiopeia
* SL Gunma Minakami

Discontinued Shinkansen|

* Aoba
* Asahi

Discontinued Limited express (Daytime)|

* Akita Relay
* Ayame
* Fresh Hitachi
* Hakuchō
* Hatsukari
* Hokuetsu
* Hometown Tochigi
* Kamoshika
* Komakusa
* Kusatsu
* Minakami
* Minori
* Ohayō Tochigi
* Soyokaze
* Super Azusa
* Super Hakuchō
* Super Hatsukari
* Super Hitachi
* Swallow Akagi
* Tazawa

Discontinued Limited express (overnight)|

* Akebono
* Hokuriku
* Hokutosei
* Nihonkai
* Yume Kūkan

Discontinued Express|

* Noto

Discontinued Rapid|

* Airport Jōban
* Airport Narita
* Kubikino
* Moonlight Echigo
* Myōkō
* Aizu Liner
* Moonlight Shinshu
* Moonlight Nagara

Discontinued Liner|

* Chūō Liner
* Ōme Liner
* Home Liner Chiba
* Home Liner Odawara
* Home Liner Zushi
* Ohayō Liner Shinjuku
* Ohayō Liner Zushi
* Shōnan Liner

* v
* t
* e

Mass transit in Hokkaido

JR Hokkaido lines|

* Hokkaido Shinkansen
* ■■ Chitose
* ■ Esashi
* ■ Furano
* ■■■ Hakodate
* ■ Hidaka
* ■ Kaikyō
* ■■ Muroran
* ■■ Nemuro
* ■ Rumoi
* ■ Sasshō
* ■ Sekihoku
* ■ Sekishō
* ■ Senmō
* ■ Sōya

JR named trains|

* Hayabusa
* Hayate
* Hokuto
* Kamui
* Kitami
* Lilac
* Okhotsk
* Ōzora
* Sarobetsu
* Sōya
* Suzuran
* Taisetsu
* Tokachi

Discontinued JR named trains|

* Cassiopeia
* Hakuchō
* Hamanasu
* Ishikari
* Super Hakuchō
* Super White Arrow
* Twilight Express
* White Arrow

Sapporo Municipal Subway|

* Namboku Line
* Tōzai Line
* Tōhō Line

Other railways|

* South Hokkaido Railway Company
* Hakodate Streetcar
* Sapporo Streetcar
* Taiheiyō Coal (freight only)

Terminals|

* Rail
* Hakodate
* Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto
* Sapporo
* Ōdōri
* Shin-Sapporo
* Asahikawa
* Airports
* Asahikawa
* New Chitose
* Hakodate
* Kushiro
* Memanbetsu
* Monbetsu
* Nakashibetsu
* Okadama
* Okushiri
* Rishiri
* Tokachi–Obihiro
* Wakkanai
* Ports
* Hakodate
* Otaru
* Tomakomai
* Kushiro

Public Ferries|

* Heart Land Ferry (ja) (Wakkanai—N. Islands)
* Silver Ferry (Tomakomai—Hachinohe)
* Tsugaru Kaikyō Ferry (Hakodate—Aomori)
* Seikan Ferry (Hakodate—Aomori)
* Shin Nihonkai Ferry
* MOL Ferry
* Taiheiyō Ferry
* Haboro-Enkai Ferry (ja) (Haboro—Yagishiri Island)

Miscellaneous|

* Cards
* Kitaca
* SAPICA
* Tunnels
* Seikan Tunnel

* Japan transit: Tokyo
* Keihanshin
* Nagoya
* Fukuoka
* Hakone Fuji Izu
* Hokkaido
* Aomori
* Sendai
* Akita
* Niigata
* Toyama
* Nagano
* Okayama
* Hiroshima
* Shikoku
* Metro systems
* Shinkansen
* trams (list)
* aerial lifts (list)

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template