Halasana

Inverted posture in hatha yoga

Halasana

Halasana (Sanskrit: हलासन; IAST: halāsana) or Plough pose[1] is an inverted asana in hatha yoga and modern yoga as exercise. Its variations include Karnapidasana with the knees by the ears, and Supta Konasana with the feet wide apart.

## Etymology and origins

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The completed pose resembles a traditional plough. The health and beauty guru Marguerite Agniel in plough pose, c. 1928. Photograph by John de Mirjian

The name Halasana comes from Sanskrit हला hala, "plough" and आसन āsana, "posture" or "seat".[2] The pose is described and illustrated in the 19th century Sritattvanidhi as Lāṇgalāsana, which also means plough pose in Sanskrit.[3]

Karnapidasana is not found in the medieval hatha yoga texts. It is described independently in Swami Vishnudevananda's 1960 Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga in the Sivananda Yoga tradition, and by B. K. S. Iyengar in his 1966 Light on Yoga, implying that it may have older origins.[4][5] The name comes from the Sanskrit words karṇa (कर्ण) meaning "ears", pīḍ (पीड्) meaning "to squeeze", and āsana (आसन) meaning "posture" or "seat".[6]

## Description

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The pose is entered from Sarvangasana (shoulderstand), lowering the back slightly for balance, and moving the arms and legs over the head until the outstretched toes touch the ground and the fingertips, in a preparatory variant of the pose. The arms may then be moved to support the back into a more vertical position, giving a second variant pose. Finally, the arms may be stretched out on the ground away from the feet, giving the final pose in the shape of a traditional plough.[4][7][8][9]

## Variations

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Karnapidasana, with variant arm position

Karnapidasana (ear-pressing pose) or Raja Halasana (royal plough pose) has the knees bent close to the head and grasped by the arms.[10]

Parsva Halasana (sideways plough) has the body vertical, the trunk twisted to one side, and legs out straight with the feet touching the ground (to that side).[10]

Supta Konasana (supine angle pose) has the legs as wide apart as possible, the toes on the ground, like an inverted Upavistha Konasana;[11] the fingertips may grasp the big toes.[10]

All these variations may be performed as part of a cycle starting from Sarvangasana (Shoulderstand).[10]

## See also

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* List of asanas

## References

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1. ^ Anon (28 August 2007). "Plough Pose". Yoga Journal.
2. ^ Sivananda, Swami (June 1985). Health and hatha yoga. Divine Life Society. p. 128\. ISBN 978-0-949027-03-0.
3. ^ Sjoman 1999, p. 72.
4. ^ a b Iyengar 1979, pp. 216–219.
5. ^ Sjoman 1999, pp. 88, 92.
6. ^ Sinha, S. C. (1996). Dictionary of Philosophy. Anmol Publications. p. 18\. ISBN 978-81-7041-293-9.
7. ^ "Halasana". Yoga Journal: 7. February 1983. ISSN 0191-0965.
8. ^ Robin, Mel (May 2002). A Physiological Handbook for Teachers of Yogasana. Wheatmark. p. 516\. ISBN 978-1-58736-033-6.
9. ^ Robin, Mel (2009). A Handbook for Yogasana Teachers: The Incorporation of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Anatomy Into the Practice. Wheatmark. p. 835\. ISBN 978-1-58736-708-3.
10. ^ a b c d Mehta 1990, pp. 111–115.
11. ^ "Supta Konasana". Yogapedia. Retrieved 8 February 2019.

## Sources

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* Iyengar, B. K. S. (1979) [1966]. Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika. Unwin Paperbacks. ISBN 978-1855381667.
* Mehta, Silva; Mehta, Mira; Mehta, Shyam (1990). Yoga: The Iyengar Way. Dorling Kindersley.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Sjoman, Norman E. (1999) [1996]. The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 81-7017-389-2.

## External links

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* Halasana Overview

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Asanas

Asana • Kriya • Mudra • Drishti • Pranayama • Sun Salutation • Vinyasa • Yoga as exercise • Yoga as therapy • Hatha yoga • Yoga

Backbends|

* Anjaneyasana (crescent moon)
* Bidalasana (cat)/Bitilasana (cow)
* Bhujangasana (cobra)
* Chakrasana (wheel) or Urdhva Dhanurasana (upward bow)
* Viparita Dandasana (inverted staff)
* Kapotasana (pigeon)
* Eka Pada Rajakapotasana (king pigeon)
* Ushtrasana (camel)

Arm balances|

* Ashtavakrasana (8-angled)
* Bakasana (crane) or Kakasana (crow)
* Koundinyasana (the sage Kaundinya)
* Kukkutasana (cockerel)
* Mayurasana (peacock)
* Tittibhasana (firefly)

Inverted|

* Adho Mukha Svanasana (downward dog)
* Adho Mukha Vrkshasana (handstand)
* Halasana (plough)
* Sarvangasana (shoulderstand)
* Setu Bandha Sarvangasana (bridge)
* Shirshasana (headstand)
* Viparita Karani (legs up the wall)
* Vrischikasana (scorpion)

Reclining|

* Anantasana (Vishnu's couch)
* Ashtanga Namaskara (eight-limbed)
* Bhekasana (frog)
* Chaturanga Dandasana (low plank)
* Dhanurasana (bow)
* Jathara Parivartanasana (belly twist)
* Makarasana (crocodile)
* Matsyasana (fish)
* Shalabhasana (locust)
* Shavasana (corpse)
* Vasishtasana (side plank)
* Yoganidrasana (yogic sleep)

Sitting|

| Meditation|

* Baddha Konasana (cobbler)
* Gomukhasana (cow face)
* Gorakshasana (cowherd)
* Padmasana (lotus)
* Siddhasana (accomplished)
* Simhasana (lion)
* Vajrasana (thunderbolt)

|

Twists|

* Bharadvajasana (the sage Bharadvaja)
* Marichyasana (the sage Marichi)
* Matsyendrasana (the sage Matsyendra, lord of the fishes)
* Pashasana (noose)

Other|

* Akarna Dhanurasana (shooting bow)
* Balasana (child)
* Garbha Pindasana (embryo in womb)
* Hanumanasana (monkey)
* Kraunchasana (heron)
* Kurmasana (tortoise)
* Malasana (garland)
* Mandukasana (frog)
* Mulabandhasana (root lock)
* Navasana (boat)
* Paschimottanasana (seated forward bend)
* Samakonasana (split)
* Virasana (hero)

Standing|

| Both legs|

* Parighasana (gate)
* Parshvottanasana (intense side stretch)
* Prasarita Padottanasana (wide stance forward bend)
* Tadasana (mountain)
* Trikonasana (triangle)
* Utkatasana (powerful)
* Uttanasana (standing forward bend)
* Utthita Parshvakonasana (sideways)
* Virabhadrasana (warrior)

|

One leg|

* Ardha Chandrasana (half moon)
* Durvasasana (the sage Durvasa)
* Garudasana (eagle)
* Natarajasana (lord of the dance)
* Utthita Padangusthasana (standing big toe hold)
* Vrikshasana (tree)

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Subtle body|

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* Gomukhasana
* Muktasana
* Padmasana
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* Simhasana
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* Svastikasana
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* Ancient non-meditation Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā, Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa
* Dandasana
* Kurmasana

* c. 7th C. Ahirbudhnya Samhita
* Kukkutasana

* c. 10th C. Vimanarcanakalpa
* Mayurasana

* c. 11th C. Amritasiddhi, Hemachandra's Yogashastra
* Muktasana
* Shirshasana

* 12th C. Amaraugha

* 13th C. Dattatreya Yoga Shastra, Goraksha Shataka, Vasishtha Samhita, Vivekamārtaṇḍa
* Viparita Karani

* 14th C. Khecarīvidyā, Shiva Samhita, Sharngadhara-paddhati, Yogabīja, Yogatārāvalī
* Gorakshasana
* Paschimottanasana

* 15th C. Hatha Yoga Pradipika
* Baddha Konasana
* Dhanurasana
* Matsyendrasana
* Utkatasana

* 17th C. Gheranda Samhita, Hatha Ratnavali, Yogacintamani, Bahr al-Hayāt
* Bakasana
* Bhujangasana
* Kakasana
* Kraunchasana
* Makarasana
* Mandukasana
* Matsyasana
* Vajrasana
* Vrikshasana

* 18th C. Hathabhyasa-paddhati, Joga Pradipika
* Adho Mukha Vrikshasana

* 19th C. Sritattvanidhi
* Akarna Dhanurasana
* Bhairavasana
* Durvasasana
* Garudasana
* Halasana
* Navasana
* Pashasana
* Setu Bandha Sarvangasana
* Tittibhasana
* Urdhva Dhanurasana

* Late
* 1905 Yogasopana Purvacatuska
* 1943 Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience

Mudras|

* Mahamudra
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* Viparita Karani
* Khechari mudra
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Shatkarmas|

* Dhauti
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* Neti
* Trataka

Pranayama|

* Anuloma
* Bhastrika
* Bhramari
* Kumbhaka
* Ujjayi

Related|

* Modern yoga
* Nath
* Roots of Yoga
* Yoga
* Yoga as exercise
* Yoga using props
* Category:Medieval Hatha Yoga asanas

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