Hamas war crimes

Accusations and allegations of war crimes committed by Hamas

This article is missing information about incidents. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (April 2024)

|

The aftermath of Hamas rocket attacks in the Barzilai Medical Center in Ashkelon, October 2023[1]

* v
* t
* e

Gaza–Israel conflict

* Palestinian rocket attacks
* Lists
* Israeli airstrikes on the Gaza Strip
* Blockade of the Gaza Strip
* Israeli war crimes
* Hamas war crimes

* * *

* 1956 Rafah massacre
* Khan Yunis massacre
* First Intifada
* Second Intifada
* Gaza cross-border raid
* Summer Rains
* Autumn Clouds
* 2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun
* Gaza–Egypt border breach
* Hot Winter
* 2008–2009 Gaza War
* March 2010 clashes
* 2010 Palestinian militancy campaign
* Southern Israel cross-border attacks
* March 2012 clashes
* Pillar of Defense
* 2014 Gaza War
* Shuja'iyya
* Beach bombing incidents
* 2018-2019 border protests
* November 2018 clashes
* May 2019 clashes
* November 2019 clashes
* 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis
* 2022 clashes
* May 2023 clashes
* Israel–Hamas war
* Hamas attack on Israel
* Israeli invasion of Gaza

Hamas war crimes are the violations of international criminal law, including war crimes and crimes against humanity, which the Islamist Nationalist organization Hamas and its paramilitary wing, the al-Qassam Brigades have been accused of committing. These have included murder, intentional targeting of civilians, killing prisoners of war and surrendered combatants, indiscriminate attacks, the use of human shields, rape,[2] torture and pillage.

## Applicability of laws of war[edit]

Determining the applicability of laws of war to militant groups is a difficult question, as both the Council of Europe and International Committee of the Red Cross note that international law traditionally treats war and terrorism as separate legal categories.[3][4] The Israeli, American, EU, UK, Japanese, and Canadian governments define Hamas as a terrorist group. However, many countries have disagreed with this characterization and have engaged with Hamas as a legitimate political entity.[5][6] While the term "international law" conventionally pertains to states, it has also been applied to insurgent and terrorist armed forces. [7] Accordingly, even insurgencies deemed lawful under international law that meet the criteria of "just cause" must also adhere to principles of "just means" as well.[8] Regarding Hamas and its combatants, even if they have a presumptive right to fight against what they term as an "illegal occupation," they must still abide by legal rules of "discrimination", "proportionality", and "military necessity" under international law as conventional states do.[9][10]

According to Human Rights Watch, "international humanitarian law, through the well-established doctrine of command responsibility" also applies "to political and other leaders insofar as they have 'effective responsibility and control' over the actors in question...thus making its leadership also criminally liable."[11]

## War crimes[edit]

### Targeting of civilians[edit]

According to Amnesty International, the "prohibition on targeting civilians is absolute in international law".[12]

Human Rights Watch has declared that the "scale and systematic nature" of Hamas' targeting of Israeli civilians "meet the definition of a crime against humanity", and that its particular use of suicide bombings taking "place in the context of violence that amounts to armed conflict...are also war crimes."[13]

### Suicide attacks[edit]

Main article: List of Palestinian suicide attacks

According to Amnesty International, "the campaign of suicide bombings and deliberate attacks against Israeli civilians by Hamas and other armed groups constitutes crimes against humanity.[14]

Between September 1993 and the outbreak of the Second Intifada in September 2000, "Palestinian groups carried out fourteen suicide bombing attacks against Israeli civilians, mostly in 1996-97, killing more than 120 and wounding over 550. Hamas said it committed most of the attacks."[15]

In the decade between 2000 and 2010, there were 146 suicide attacks committed by Palestinian militant groups against Israelis, resulting in 516 fatalities.[16] A 2007 Harvard University study of 135 Palestinian suicide attacks conducted between September 2000 and August 2005 determined Hamas responsible for 39.9% of such attacks during that period.[17]

### Use of human shields[edit]

Main article: Use of human shields by Hamas

Israel has accused Hamas of using human shields in the Gaza Strip, saying that Hamas has purposely attempted to shield itself from Israeli attacks by storing weapons in civilian infrastructure, launching rockets from residential areas, and telling residents to ignore Israeli warnings to flee. Israel has also accused Hamas of maintaining command and control bunkers and tunnel infrastructure below hospitals. Hamas has denied using hospitals to shield any command centre,[18] while it has previously made remarks expressing support for Palestinians refusing to flee areas Israel has targeted.[19]

The Israeli accusations have been supported by NATO,[20] and during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war EU nations condemned Hamas for using hospitals as human shields, while the UN Secretary General said "Hamas and other militants use civilians as human shields".[21][22] In 2023, HRW stated "Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups need to take all feasible precautions to protect civilians under their control from the effects of attacks and not use civilians as 'human shields.'"[23]

### Indiscriminate attacks[edit]

Further information: Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel

Between 2000 and 2021, over 17,000 rockets were fired into Israel from Gaza.[24] Hamas' use of indiscriminate rocket attacks on civilians has been widely condemned as a war crime.[25][26] Palestinian UN Observer Ibrahim Kraishi has equally decried the attacks, stating that "every rocket and mortar fired from Gaza toward Israel is a “crime against humanity.”[27]

## Second Intifada[edit]

Main articles: Second Intifada and Civilian casualties in the Second Intifada

During the Second Intifada, the majority[ambiguous] of Israeli casualties were civilian non-combatants, with Hamas conducting numerous[ambiguous] attacks deliberately targeting civilians.[28][29]

Prominent examples include:

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2024)

|

Name | Date | Dead | Injured | Notes

|
|
|
|

HaSharon Mall suicide bombing | May 18, 2001 | 5 | 100 |
Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing | June 1, 2001 | 21 | 100+ |
Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing | August 9, 2001 | 16 | 130 | Carried out with Palestinian Islamic Jihad
Nahariya train station suicide bombing | September 9, 2001 | 3 | 94 |
Ben Yehuda Street Bombing | December 1, 2001 | 11 | 188 |
Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing | December 2, 2001 | 15 | 40 |
Café Moment bombing | March 9, 2002 | 11 | 54 |
Passover massacre | March 27, 2002 | 29 | 140 | Carried out with Palestinian Islamic Jihad
Kiryat HaYovel supermarket bombing | March 29, 2002 | 2 | 28 |
Matza restaurant suicide bombing | March 31, 2002 | 16 | 31 |
Yagur Junction bombing | April 10, 2002 | 8 | 19 |
2002 Rishon LeZion bombing | May 7, 2002 | 16 | 55 |
Netanya Market bombing | May 19, 2002 | 3 | 59 | Carried out with PFLP
Patt Junction Bus Bombing | June 18, 2002 | 19 | 74+ |
Immanuel bus attack | July 16, 2002 | 9 | 20 |
Hebrew University massacre | July 31, 2002 | 9 | 80 |
Meron Junction Bus 361 attack | August 4, 2002 | 9 | 38 |
Allenby Street bus bombing | September 19, 2002 | 6 | 70+ |
Kiryat Menachem bus bombing | November 21, 2002 | 11 | 50+ |
Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing | March 5, 2003 | 17 | 53 |
Mike's Place suicide bombing | April 30, 2003 | 3 | 50+ | Carried out with al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
Jerusalem bus 6 bombing | May 18, 2003 | 7 | 20 |
Davidka Square bus bombing | June 11, 2003 | 17 | 100+ |
Tzrifin bus stop attack | September 9, 2003 | 9 | 30 |
Café Hillel bombing | September 9, 2003 | 7 | 50+ |
Gaza Street bus bombing | January 29, 2004 | 11 | 50+ | carried out with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade
Ashdod Port massacre | March 14, 2004 | 10 | 16 | Carried out with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigade
Beersheba bus bombings | August 31, 2004 | 16 | 100+ |
Karni border crossing attack | January 13, 2005 | 6 | 5 | Carried out with Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades and Popular Resistance Committees

## 2014 Gaza war[edit]

Main article: 2014 Gaza war

### Killing and shooting of Gazan civilians[edit]

Twenty civilians from Shuja'iyya were killed while protesting against Hamas.[30] A few days later, Hamas reportedly killed two Gazans and wounded ten after a scuffle broke out over food handouts.[31]

The IDF stated on 31 July that more than 280 Hamas rockets[32] malfunctioned and fell inside the Gaza strip, hitting sites including Al-Shifa Hospital and the Al-Shati refugee camp, killing at least 11 and wounding dozens.[33] Hamas denied that any of its rockets hit the Gaza Strip.,[32][34][35] but Palestinian sources said numerous rocket launches ended up falling in Gaza communities and that scores of people have been killed or injured. Israeli Military sources said the failed Hamas launches increased amid heavy Israeli air and artillery strikes throughout the Gaza Strip. They said the failed launches reflected poorly assembled rockets as well as the rush to load and fire projectiles before they were spotted by Israeli aircraft.[36] While the Al-Shifa Hospital incident is disputed, early news reports have suggested that the strike was from an Israeli drone missile.[33][37][38] Amnesty International concluded that the explosion at the Shati refugee camp on 28 July in which 13 civilians were killed was caused by a Palestinian rocket, despite Palestinian claims it was an Israeli missile.[39]

### Killing of suspected collaborators[edit]

Shurat HaDin filed a suit with the ICC charging Khaled Mashaal with war crimes for the executions of 38 civilians.[40][41] Hamas co-founder Ayman Taha was found dead; Al-Quds Al-Arabi reported he had been shot by Hamas for maintaining contact with the intelligence services of several Arab countries; Hamas stated he was targeted by an Israeli airstrike.[citation needed]

On 26 May 2015, Amnesty International released a report saying that Hamas carried out extrajudicial killings, abductions and arrests of Palestinians and used the Al-Shifa Hospital to detain, interrogate and torture suspects. It details the executions of at least 23 Palestinians accused of collaborating with Israel and torture of dozens of others, many victims of torture were members of the rival Palestinian movement, Fatah.[42][43]

## 2023 Israel–Hamas war[edit]

Main articles: 2023 Israel–Hamas war and 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2024)

|

Hamas gunman shooting at a civilian vehicle in Israel[44]

On 9 October 2023 Human Rights Watch stated that Hamas's apparent targeting of civilians, indiscriminate attacks, and taking of hostages amounted to war crimes.[45]

On 10 October 2023 the OHCHR stated the taking of hostages and use of human shields were war crimes.[46] United Nations Human Rights chief Volker Türk noted that militant groups' "horrifying mass killings" were violations of international law.[47]

### Re'im music festival massacre[edit]

Main article: Re'im music festival massacre

As one of the first massacres of many in the coordinated attacks on 7 October 2023, militants of the al-Qassam Brigades and other Palestinian factions entered a music festival in Re'im at c. 7 a.m. local time and murdered over 360 people, as well as taking over 40 people hostage. Considering the attack on festival goers as indiscriminate in nature, along with a lack of Israeli military presence during the massacre, it could only be considered an intentional attack against civilians.[48][49][50]

### Be'eri massacre[edit]

Main article: Be'eri massacre

Zaka volunteers assisting in the removal of bodies

At c. 7:10 a.m., on 7 October 2023,[51] around 70 al-Qassam and DFLP militants had entered and attacked the kibbutz of Be'eri, taking over 130 peoples' lives,[52] including women (such as peace activist Vivian Silver),[53] children,[54] toddlers, and one infant,[55][56][57][58] in total claiming the lives of 10% of the farming community's residents. Dozens of homes were also burned down.[59]

## See also[edit]

* Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Human rights in the State of Palestine
* Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip
* Criticism of Hamas
* Israeli war crimes

## References[edit]

1. ^ Efrati, Ido (2023-11-01). "Direct Rocket Hits, Partial Protection: How a Hospital Operates in Israel's Most Bombarded City". Haaretz. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
2. ^ "Reasonable Grounds to Believe Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Occurred in Israel During 7 October Attacks, Senior UN Official Tells Security Council | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". press.un.org. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
3. ^ "War and terrorism". Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
4. ^ Thynne, Kelisiana (18 February 2022). "Better a war criminal or a terrorist? A comparative study of war crimes and counterterrorism legislation". International Review of the Red Cross. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
5. ^ Marks, Monica (30 October 2023). "What the World Gets Wrong About Hamas". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
6. ^ "What is Hamas? The group that rules the Gaza Strip has fought several rounds of war with Israel". AP News. 2023-10-09. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
7. ^ "War and terrorism - Manual for Human Rights Education with Young people - www.coe.int". Manual for Human Rights Education with Young people. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
8. ^ "Hamas Terror Attacks and International Law". www.jurist.org. 2023-10-09. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
9. ^ "Questions and Answers: October 2023 Hostilities between Israel and Palestinian Armed Groups | Human Rights Watch". 2023-10-09. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
10. ^ "Israel versus Hamas: Proportionality, Perfidy and the Law of War". www.jurist.org. 2021-05-20. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
11. ^ "Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians". www.hrw.org. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
12. ^ "Palestinian Authority: Hamas must stop targeting of civilians" (PDF). amnesty.org. Amnesty International. January 31, 2006. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
13. ^ "I. SUMMARY". www.hrw.org. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
14. ^ "Palestinian Authority: Hamas must stop targeting of civilians" (PDF). amnesty.org. Amnesty International. January 31, 2006. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
15. ^ "Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians". www.hrw.org. Human Rights Watch. October 2002. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
16. ^ Schweitzer, Yoram (October 2010). "The Rise and Fall of Suicide Bombings in the Second Intifada" (PDF). Strategic Assessment. 13 (3). The Institute for National Security Studies, Tel Aviv University: 39.
17. ^ Human Capital and the Productivity of Suicide Bombers pdf Journal of Economic Perspectives Volume 21, Number 3, Summer 2007. Pages 223–238 Archived January 27, 2013(Date mismatch), at the Wayback Machine
18. ^ Marsi, Federica (November 13, 2023). "What is a 'human shield' and why is Israel using the term in Gaza?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
19. ^ Worrall, Patrick (24 July 2014). "Does Hamas use civilians as human shields?". Channel 4 News. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023.
20. ^ "Hamas' use of human shields in Gaza" (PDF). NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence.
21. ^ "Secretary-General's press conference on the Middle East | United Nations Secretary-General". www.un.org. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
22. ^ "EU nations condemn Hamas for what they describe as use of hospitals, civilians as 'human shields'". AP News. 13 November 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
23. ^ "Gaza: Unlawful Israeli Hospital Strikes Worsen Health Crisis". Human Rights Watch. 14 November 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
24. ^ Pinfold, Rob (2022). "Security, Terrorism, and Territorial Withdrawal: Critically Reassessing the Lessons of Israel's "Unilateral Disengagement" from the Gaza Strip". International Studies Perspectives: 10.
25. ^ "Gaza: Palestinian Rockets Unlawfully Targeted Israeli Civilians | Human Rights Watch". 2012-12-24. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
26. ^ Ban Ki-moon 'appalled' by Gaza destruction Archived 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The Independent 20 January 2009
27. ^ "Palestinian UN rep says every missile fired from Gaza at Israel is 'a crime against humanity'". timesofisrael.com. The Times of Israel. July 14, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
28. ^ Manekin, Devorah (October 2013). "Violence Against Civilians in the Second Intifada The Moderating Effect of Armed Group Structure on Opportunistic Violence". Comparative Political Studies. 46 (10). Sage Journals: 1285. doi:10.1177/0010414013489382.
29. ^ Milton-Edwards, Beverley (2021). "MANAGING VIOLENT CONFLICT: HUDNA AND TAHDIʾA, BEYOND A STRATEGIC PAUSE". Violence in Islamic Thought from European Imperialism to the Post-Colonial Era. Edinburgh University Press. p. 321\. ISBN 978-1-4744-8550-0. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctv1ns7mwk.18.
30. ^ Solomon, Ariel Ben (29 July 2014). "Report: Hamas executes alleged spies, shoots protesters in Gaza". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
31. ^ "Hamas Police Shoot, Kill Starving Gazans a Day After Executing Protesters". Algemeiner.com. 29 July 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
32. ^ a b "Hamas Launches Rockets on Civilians in Gaza". Idfblog.com. 31 July 2014. Archived from the original on 22 August 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
33. ^ a b Mohyeldin, Ayman; Nassar, Paul Ziad; Smith, Alexander (28 July 2014). "Strikes Near Gaza's Shifa Hospital, Refugee Camp Kill at Least 10". NBC News.
34. ^ "Israel: 10 percent of Hamas rockets misfired, landed in Gaza Strip". World Tribune. 30 July 2014. Archived from the original on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
35. ^ "10 Palestinians killed in failed Gazan rocket attack on Israel, IDF says". JPost. 28 July 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
36. ^ "Israel: 10 percent of Hamas rockets misfired, landed in Gaza Strip". World Tribune. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014.
37. ^ Makarechi, Kia (28 July 2014). "Who's Responsible for Bombing Near Gaza's Al-Shifa Hospital?". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
38. ^ Westcott, Lucy (30 July 2014). "Who Fired on Gaza's Shifa Hospital?". Newsweek. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
39. ^ Isabel Kershner, Amnesty International Sees Evidence of Palestinian War Crimes in '14 Gaza Conflict, The New York Times (25 March 2015)
40. ^ Paul Alster (7 September 2014). "Israeli group wants Hamas leader to face war crimes charges for Gaza executions". Fox News. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
41. ^ "NGO asks ICC to indict Hamas leader Khaled Mashaal on war crimes charges". 3 September 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
42. ^ "Palestine (State of): 'Strangling Necks' Abductions, torture and summary killings of Palestinians by Hamas forces during the 2014 Gaza/Israel conflict" (PDF). amnesty.org. United Kingdom: Amnesty International. 26 May 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2024.[dead link]
43. ^ "Gaza Palestinians tortured, summarily killed by Hamas forces during 2014 conflict". Amnesty International. 27 May 2015. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
44. ^ "Seventeen hours of terror: how Hamas invaded one Israeli community". The Financial Times. 21 December 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2024. "Security footage shows the two gunmen ambushing a Mazda and firing multiple shots into the vehicle. The bullet-ridden car rolls forward, the gate opens, and the men enter the kibbutz."
45. ^ "Israel/Palestine: Devastating Civilian Toll as Parties Flout Legal Obligations". Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
46. ^ "Commission of Inquiry collecting evidence of war crimes committed by all sides in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories since 7 October 2023". OHCHR. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
47. ^ Farge, Emma (10 October 2023). "UN rights chief condemns Israeli 'siege' of Gaza, militants' taking of hostages". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
48. ^ "Death count from Re'im music festival massacre reportedly updated to 364 – a third of Oct. 7 fatalities". timesofisrael.com. The Times of Israel. 17 November 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
49. ^ "Israeli music festival: 260 bodies recovered from site where people fled in hail of bullets". bbc.com. British Broadcasting Corporation. 9 October 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
50. ^ Browne, David; Dillon, Nancy; Grow, Kory (15 October 2023). "They Wanted to Dance in Peace. And They Got Slaughtered". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
51. ^ Margalit, Ruth (9 October 2023). "The Devastation of Be'eri". The New Yorker. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
52. ^ Shaulov, Roni; Zitun, Yoav (18 October 2023). "Charred remains of mother, son recovered 11 days after Hamas massacre". Ynetnews. Ynet. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
53. ^ "Canadian Israeli peace activist Vivian Silver, feared to be held hostage, confirmed killed in Hamas attacks". CBC News. 2023-11-13. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
54. ^ Kelly, Meg; Cahlan, Sarah (9 October 2023). "Video shows apparent death of Israeli hostages in Hamas custody". Washington Post. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
55. ^ "Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths". 15 December 2023.
56. ^ "עדויות תושבי העוטף ממתקפת הפתע על ישראל: "טובחים כאן בתינוקות"". Israel Hayom (in Hebrew). 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
57. ^ "המספרים נחשפים: נרצחו 13 ילדים, 31 נערים ו-25 מעל גיל 80 מתחילת המלחמה - וואלה! חדשות". וואלה! (in Hebrew). 2023-11-15. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
58. ^ "ynet - מלחמת 7 באוקטובר: פרטי החללים והנרצחים". ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2024-04-09.
59. ^ Tzuri, Matan; Green Shaulov, Roni; Kutub, Adam (9 October 2023). "'After a minute, my friend was murdered in front of me'". Ynet. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2024.

* v
* t
* e

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Participants

| Israelis|

* Israel Defense Forces
* Israel Police
* Mossad
* Shabak (Shin Bet)

|

Palestinians|

| Principals|

* All-Palestine Protectorate
* Palestine Liberation Organization
* Fatah
* Hamas
* Palestinian Authority

|

Other groups|

* al-Aqsa Brigades
* DFLP
* Jenin Brigades
* Lions' Den
* PIJ
* PLF
* PPSF
* PFLP
* PFLP-GC
* PRC
* Sabireen Movement
* Sons of Zouari

Third-party groups|

* Arab League
* Hezbollah

Individuals

| Israelis|

* Moshe Arens
* Ami Ayalon
* Ehud Barak
* David Ben-Gurion
* Naftali Bennett
* Menachem Begin
* Meir Dagan
* Moshe Dayan
* Avi Dichter
* Yuval Diskin
* Benny Gantz
* Efraim Halevy
* Dan Halutz
* Tzipi Livni
* Golda Meir
* Shaul Mofaz
* Yitzhak Mordechai
* Benjamin Netanyahu
* Ehud Olmert
* Shimon Peres
* Yaakov Peri
* Yitzhak Rabin
* Amnon Lipkin-Shahak
* Yitzhak Shamir
* Ariel Sharon
* Shabtai Shavit
* Moshe Ya'alon
* Danny Yatom
* Zvi Zamir

|

Palestinians|

* Abu Abbas
* Mahmoud Abbas
* Moussa Arafat
* Yasser Arafat
* Yahya Ayyash
* Marwan Barghouti
* Mohammed Dahlan
* Mohammed Deif
* George Habash
* Wadie Haddad
* Ismail Haniyeh
* Nayef Hawatmeh
* Amin al-Husayni
* Ghazi Jabali
* Ahmed Jibril
* Abu Jihad
* Salah Khalaf
* Leila Khaled
* Sheikh Khalil
* Khaled Mashal
* Zuheir Mohsen
* Abu Ali Mustafa
* Abu Nidal
* Izz ad-Din al-Qassam
* Jibril Rajoub
* Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi
* Ali Hassan Salameh
* Salah Shehade
* Ramadan Shalah
* Fathi Shaqaqi
* Ahlam Tamimi
* Ahmed Yassin

* Timeline
* military operations

| Background|

| 1920–1948|

* 1920
* Nebi Musa riots
* Battle of Tel Hai
* 1921 Jaffa riots
* 1929 Palestine riots
* Hebron massacre
* 1936–1939 Arab revolt
* 1944–1947 Jewish insurgency
* 1947–1948 Civil War

|

| 1948–1970|

* 1948 Arab–Israeli War
* massacres
* 1948–present Fedayeen insurgency
* 1951–1967 Attacks against Israeli civilians
* 1950s–1960s Reprisal operations
* 1953 Qibya massacre
* 1956 Kafr Qasim / Khan Yunis / Rafah massacres
* 1967 Six-Day War
* 1967–1970 War of Attrition
* 1968 Battle of Karameh

|

Palestinian
insurgency

| 1968–1982|

* 1970 Avivim school bus bombing
* 1972 Sabena Flight 571 / Munich massacre / "Bayonet" (1973 Lillehammer affair)
* 1974 Kiryat Shmona massacre / Ma'alot massacre
* 1975 Savoy Hotel attack
* 1976 Entebbe raid
* 1978 Coastal Road massacre / South Lebanon conflict
* 1980 Misgav Am hostage crisis

|

| 1973–1987|

* 1973 Yom Kippur War
* 1975 Zion Square bombing
* 1982 Lebanon War
* Siege of Beirut
* 1983 1983 West Bank fainting epidemic
* 1984 Bus 300 affair
* 1985 Achille Lauro hijacking / "Wooden Leg"
* 1987 Night of the Gliders

|

First Intifada|

| 1987–1991|

* 1988 Tunis raid
* 1989 Bus 405 attack
* 1990 Temple Mount killings
* 1990s Palestinian suicide attacks
* 1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre

|

Second Intifada|

| 2000–2005|

* Palestinian rocket attacks
* lists
* Palestinian suicide attacks
* Israeli assassinations
* 2000 October events
* 2001 Santorini
* 2002 Karine A / "Defensive Shield" / Battle of Jenin / Battle of Nablus / "Determined Path"
* 2003 Ain es Saheb airstrike
* 2004 "Rainbow" / Beit Hanoun raid / "Days of Penitence"

|

Palestinian dissident
campaigns

| 2006–present|

* 2006 "Bringing Home the Goods"
* 2008 Jerusalem yeshiva attack / Jerusalem bulldozer attack
* 2009 Al-Aqsa clashes
* 2010 Palestinian militancy campaign
* 2015–2016 violence
* 2017 Temple Mount crisis
* 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis
* 2022 Al-Aqsa clashes

|

Gaza–Israel
conflict

| 2006–present|

* 2006 Gaza beach explosion / Gaza cross-border raid / "Summer Rains" / "Autumn Clouds" / Beit Hanoun shelling
* 2008 Egypt–Gaza border breach / "Hot Winter"
* 2008–2009 Gaza War
* 2010 Gaza flotilla raid
* 2012 "Returning Echo" / "Pillar of Defense"
* 2014 "Protective Edge"
* 2015 Freedom Flotilla III
* 2018 Gaza border protests / November clashes
* 2019 May clashes / "Black Belt"
* 2021 "Guardian of the Walls"
* 2022 "Breaking Dawn"
* 2023 "Shield and Arrow" / Israel–Hamas war

|

Diplomacy

| Timeline|

| 1948–1991|

* 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
* depopulated towns and villages
* 1949 Lausanne Conference
* 1967–present Israeli settlement
* settler violence
* international law

|

1990s|

* 1981–1982 Fahd Plan
* 1991 Madrid Conference
* 1993–1995 Oslo Accords
* 1994 Paris Protocol
* 1994 Gaza–Jericho Agreement
* 1994–present US security assistance to the PA
* 1997 Hebron Agreement
* 1998 Wye River Memorandum
* 1999 Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum

2000s|

* 2000 Camp David Summit / Clinton Parameters
* 2001 Taba Summit
* 2002 Quartet established
* 2003 Road Map
* 2005 Israeli disengagement from Gaza
* 2005 Agreement on Movement and Access
* 2006 Valley of Peace initiative
* 2007 Annapolis Conference
* 2009 Aftonbladet Israel controversy

2010s|

* 2010–11 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
* 2011 Palestine Papers
* 2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks

United Nations|

* Israel and the UN
* Palestine and the UN
* 1947 UN Resolution 181
* 1948 UN Resolution 194
* 1967 UN Resolution 242

* v
* t
* e

War crimes

* List of war crimes

International
humanitarian law|

| Sources|

* Lieber Code
* Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
* Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
* Geneva Protocol
* Geneva Conventions
* 1864
* First (1949)
* Second (1949)
* Third (1949)
* Fourth (1949)
* Protocol I (1977)
* Protocol II (1977)
* Rome Statute
* International Criminal Court

|

Topics|

* Civilians and non-combatants
* Civilian casualties
* Command responsibility / Superior orders
* Distinction
* Hors de combat
* Intent
* Joint criminal enterprise
* Medical neutrality
* Military necessity
* Prisoners of war
* Proportionality
* Protected persons
* Ruse de guerre
* Safe conduct

War crimes by type|

* Attacks on humanitarian workers / parachutists‡
* Child soldiers
* Collective punishment
* Criminal orders
* Death flights
* Death marches
* Desecration of graves
* Enforced disappearances
* Extrajudicial killings
* Hostage-taking
* Human trophy collecting
* Indiscriminate attacks
* Looting
* Massacres
* Mass killings
* No quarter
* Perfidy
* Starvation
* Torture
* Use of human shields
* Wartime sexual violence

War crimes
committed by...|

* Croatia
* Germany
* Israel
* Italy
* Japan
* Palestine
* Hamas
* Russia
* Soviet Union
* Serbia
* Turkey
* United Kingdom
* United States

War crimes by war|

* Afghanistan wars
* Gaza–Israel conflict
* 2008–2009
* 2023–present
* Iraq War
* Korean War
* 2006 Lebanon War
* Libyan civil war (2011)
* Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
* Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
* First war
* Second war
* Russo-Ukrainian War
* War in Donbas
* Russian invasion of Ukraine
* Second Chechen War
* Sri Lankan Civil War
* Syrian civil war
* Tigray War‎
* Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
* World War I
* World War II
* Allied
* Axis / Wehrmacht
* Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
* Yugoslav Wars
* Kosovo War

Related topics|

* War crimes trials
* War crime apologia
* List of global issues
* Post-conflict reception of war criminals

| Other international crimes|

* Atrocity crimes
* Crimes against humanity
* Crimes of aggression
* Genocide

|

‡ Does not apply to airborne forces (i.e. paratroopers)

* Category

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

Hamas

History|

* Hamas Charter (revised)
* Emblem
* Flag
* Fatah–Hamas conflict
* Takeover of the Gaza Strip
* 25th anniversary of Hamas (2012)

Political wing|

* Islamic Salvation Party
* Khaled Mashal
* Ismail Haniyeh
* Yahya Sinwar
* Ali Baraka
* Mousa Abu Marzook
* Hamas government in the Gaza Strip

| Elections|

* 2005 presidential
* 2006 legislative

|

Military wing|

* Palestinian Joint Operations Room
* Al-Qassam Brigades
* Nukbha
* al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards unit

| People|

* Mohammed Deif
* Ali Deif
* Abu Obaida
* Mahmoud Eshtewi

|

Operations|

* Murder of Yaron and Efrat Ungar
* Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
* 2001 Immanuel bus attack
* 2004 Ashdod Port bombings
* IDF outpost bombing
* 2006 Gaza cross-border raid
* Gaza War (2008–2009)
* August 2010 West Bank shooting attack
* 2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip
* 2014 Gaza War
* 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis
* 2023 attack on Israel
* Israel–Hamas war

|

Weapons|

* Al-Bana
* Batar
* Qassam rocket
* Yasin (RPG)

|

Social services|

* Islamic University of Gaza
* Mujama al-Islamiya
* Palestinian Authority Martyrs Fund

Media|

* Al-Aqsa TV
* Tomorrow's Pioneers
* Al-Aqsa Voice Radio
* Al-Quds TV
* Shehab News Agency
* Al-Watan (defunct)

Foreign relations|

* Support from (Iran
* Israel
* Qatar
* Turkey)
* Russia
* Lebanon

Related articles|

* Criticism of Hamas
* Hamas war crimes
* Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip
* Extrajudicial killings in the Gaza Strip

Category:Hamas

* v
* t
* e

Ongoing armed conflicts

Africa|

| Central|

* Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
* Anglophone Crisis
* Cabinda War
* Central African Republic Civil War
* Insurgency in Chad
* Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Ituri conflict
* Western DR Congo clashes
* Kivu conflict
* M23 offensive
* Lord's Resistance Army insurgency

|

East|

* ADF insurgency
* Ethiopian civil conflict
* Afar–Somali clashes
* OLA insurgency
* Oromo conflict
* War in Amhara
* Ethnic violence in South Sudan
* Insurgency in Mozambique
* Somali Civil War
* Operation Atalanta

North|

* Insurgency in Egypt
* Insurgency in the Maghreb
* Insurgency in the Sahel
* Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso
* Jihadist insurgency in Niger
* Libyan Crisis
* Sinai insurgency
* Sudanese nomadic conflicts
* Ethnic violence in South Sudan
* War in Darfur
* Western Sahara conflict
* Western Saharan clashes

West|

* Communal conflicts in Nigeria
* Boko Haram insurgency
* Herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria
* Nigerian bandit conflict
* Religious violence in Nigeria
* Conflict in the Niger Delta
* Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria
* Mali War
* Azawad conflict
* Western Togoland Rebellion

Americas|

| North|

* Jamaican political conflict
* Mexican drug war
* Salvadoran gang crackdown
* Honduran gang crackdown
* Gang war in Haiti

|

South|

* Colombian conflict
* Ecuadorian security crisis
* Insurgency in Paraguay
* Peruvian conflict
* Mapuche conflict

Asia|

| East|

* Korean conflict

|

Central|

* Xinjiang conflict

South|

* Afghan conflict
* Islamic State–Taliban conflict
* Republican insurgency

* Internal conflict in Bangladesh
* Drugs

* Insurgency in Northeast India
* Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
* Naxalite–Maoist insurgency

* Insurgency in Pakistan
* Insurgency in Sindh
* Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
* Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
* Insurgency in Sindh
* Sectarian violence in Pakistan

South-
east|

* Myanmar conflict
* Myanmar civil war
* Kachin conflict
* Kalay clashes
* Karen conflict
* Karen–Mon conflict
* Conflict in Rakhine State
* Rohingya conflict
* Conflicts in the Philippines
* Communist
* Drug war
* Papua conflict
* South Thailand insurgency

West|

* Abkhazia conflict
* Georgian–Ossetian conflict
* Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
* Iraq conflict
* Islamic State insurgency in Iraq
* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
* Qatif conflict
* Yemeni crisis
* Saudi–led intervention
* Yemeni Civil war
* Iran–Israel proxy conflict
* Gaza–Israel conflict
* Hezbollah–Israel conflict
* Iran–Israel conflict in Syria
* Kurdish separatism in Iran
* Iran–PJAK conflict
* Western Iran clashes
* Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency
* 2015–present
* Maoist insurgency in Turkey
* DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey
* Syrian civil war
* Daraa insurgency
* Desert campaign
* Inter-rebel conflict
* Rojava conflict
* Russian intervention
* Syrian–Turkish border clashes
* Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor

Europe|

| East|

* Abkhazia conflict
* Georgian–Ossetian conflict
* Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus
* Russo-Ukrainian War
* Russian invasion of Ukraine

|

West|

* Dissident Irish republican campaign
* Loyalist feud

* v
* t
* e

Israel–Hamas war

* Timeline
* Outline

Engage-
ments|

| Hamas-led
attack on Israel|

| Attacks on civilians|

* Netiv HaAsara
* Alumim
* Be'eri
* Elhanan Team
* Holit
* Kfar Aza
* Kissufim
* Nir Oz
* Nir Yitzhak
* Nahal Oz
* Nirim
* Nova music festival
* Psyduck music festival

|

Battles|

* Re'im
* Sderot
* Sufa
* Zikim
* Israeli female tank crew fight

General topics|

* Allegations of genocide
* Allegations of involvement of UNRWA employees
* Denial
* Sexual and gender-based violence
* Screams Before Silence

Israeli invasion
of Gaza|

* Beit Hanoun
* Gaza City
* Khan Yunis
* Rafah
* Background

| Attacks on refugee camps|

* Jabalia
* 31 October
* Al-Shati
* Al-Maghazi
* Tel al-Sultan massacre
* Al-Mawasi
* Nuseirat refugee camp massacre

|

Attacks on schools|

* Al-Fakhoora
* Al-Falah
* Shadia Abu Ghazala School
* Al-Sardi

Attacks on health facilities|

* Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion
* Al-Shifa Hospital siege
* alleged military use
* ambulance airstrike
* Gaza Strip mass graves
* Kamal Adwan Hospital siege
* Killing of health workers
* Nasser Hospital siege
* Nasser Hospital mass graves

Other attacks|

* Airstrikes on municipal services in Gaza
* Church of Saint Porphyrius
* Engineer's Building airstrike
* Super Bowl massacre
* Flour massacre
* Palestinians evacuating Gaza City
* World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack

General topics|

* AI-assisted targeting
* Bombing of the Gaza Strip
* Destruction of cultural heritage during the 2023 Israeli invasion of Gaza
* Environmental damage caused by the Israel–Hamas war
* Gaza genocide allegations
* Torture

Other theaters|

* Israel–Lebanon border clashes
* Attacks on journalists
* Israeli incursions in the West Bank
* Killing of Benjamin Achimeir
* April 2024 Israeli settler rampages
* Givat Shaul shooting
* Tower 22 drone attack

| Iran–Israel conflict|

* Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
* Iranian strikes in Israel
* Israeli strikes on Iran

|

Red Sea crisis|

* Operation Prosperity Guardian
* Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou
* 2024 missile strikes in Yemen
* Marlin Luanda missile strike

Hostage
crisis|

* 2023 hostage–prisoner exchange
* Kidnapped from Israel
* Hostages and Missing Families Forum
* Hostages Square

| Hostages|

* Bibas family
* Alex Dancyg
* Oded Lifshitz
* Hersh Goldberg-Polin
* Naama Levy

|

Rescued hostages|

* Operation Golden Hand
* Ori Megidish
* Nuseirat operation
* Noa Argamani

Released hostages|

* Rachel Edry
* Yarden Roman-Gat
* Mia Schem

Deceased hostages|

* Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka

General
topics|

* 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip
* Ceasefire
* COGAT
* Effect on children in Gaza
* Humanitarian aid
* International recognition of the State of Palestine
* Israeli interrogations
* Women
* Wikipedia

| Historical context|

* Arab–Israeli conflict
* Blockade of the Gaza Strip
* Palestinian freedom of movement
* Israel and apartheid
* Children
* Gaza–Israel conflict
* Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip
* Human shields
* Israeli settlement
* Israeli outpost
* Israeli settler violence
* Israeli disengagement from Gaza
* Palestinian rocket attacks
* Palestinian tunnel warfare
* anti-tunnel barrier
* Women

|

Effects|

* Calls for the destruction of Israel
* Israeli government response
* Israeli war cabinet
* Mass detentions
* Economic impact
* Environment impact in Gaza
* Evacuations
* Gaza Strip evacuations
* Humanitarian crisis
* Gaza floating pier
* Healthcare collapse
* Premature baby crisis
* Famine
* Media coverage
* Violence against journalists
* Misinformation
* Pallywood
* Palestinian genocide accusation
* Accusations of United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war
* Sexual violence against Palestinians
* War crimes
* Hamas
* Israeli
* Cemetery destruction and necroviolence
* Israeli torture in the occupied territories
* Proposed Israeli resettlement of Gaza

| Reactions|

* International reactions
* Calls for a ceasefire
* Three-phase proposal
* Diplomatic impact
* University donors
* European Union
* US support for Israel
* UK support for Israel
* Islamic Summit Conference
* Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit
* Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference
* Cancellation of the 2023 MTV EMA
* Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip

| Discrimination|

* Antisemitism
* Riots in the North Caucasus
* Anti-Palestinianism
* Islamophobia
* Violent incidents
* 2023 Nicosia Israeli embassy bombing
* Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume
* Death of Paul Kessler
* Vermont student shooting
* Zürich stabbing attack
* University of Texas at Austin stabbing

|

Protests|

* University campuses
* Columbia
* Sciences Po
* UCLA
* France
* March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism
* Indonesia
* 2023 Bitung clashes
* Israel
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Artists4Ceasefire
* DNC protests
* March on Washington for Gaza
* March for Israel
* National March on Washington: Free Palestine
* Protest votes
* Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell
* Pakistan
* D-Chowk Dharna

UN resolutions|

* A/RES/ES-10/21
* S/RES/2712
* A/RES/ES-10/22
* S/RES/2720
* S/RES/2728
* S/RES/2735

UN inquiry|

* Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory

Global courts|

* South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)
* Nicaragua v. Germany
* Legal Consequences of Israeli Policies and Practices
* Arrest warrants

Courts|

* Defense for Children International-Palestine v. Biden

Casualties|

| Israel|

| Security
forces|

* Alim Abdallah
* Yitzhak Ben-Bashat
* Jayar Davidov
* Eli Ginsberg
* Salman Habaka
* Asaf Hamami
* Yitzhar Hofman
* Roi Levy
* Izhar Peled
* Yonatan Steinberg

|

Civilians|

* Lior Asulin
* Yuval Castleman
* Hayim Katsman
* Ofir Libstein
* Shani Louk
* Aner Shapira
* Vivian Silver
* Yahav Winner

Palestine|

| Hamas|

* Saleh al-Arouri
* Abdul Fatah Dukhan
* Mohammed Dababish
* Wissam Farhat
* Ahmed Ghandour
* Marwan Issa
* Fursan Khalifa
* Osama Mazini
* Ayman Nofal
* Jamila al-Shanti
* Ali Al Qadi
* Alaa Shreiteh [ar]
* Faiq Al-Mabhouh

|

Other
militants|

* Fouad Abu Butihan
* Jihad Shehadeh

Civilians|

* Tawfic Abdel Jabbar
* Refaat Alareer
* Hammam Alloh
* Nahida and Samar Anton
* Yazan al-Kafarneh
* Ibrahim al-Astal
* Ahmad Bahar
* Mohammed Barakat
* Rashid Dabour [ar]
* Mohamed al-Dalou
* Awni El-Dous
* Omar Ferwana
* Hiba Abu Nada
* Ibrahim Qusaya
* Hind Rajab
* Mohammed Shabir
* Omar Abu Shawish
* Sufian Tayeh
* Wael Al Zard
* Sidra Hassouna

Spillover|

* Saleh al-Arouri
* Ali Hussein Barji
* Razi Mousavi
* Wissam al-Tawil
* Sadegh Omidzadeh
* Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi
* Mohammad Reza Zahedi

Journalists|

* Issam Abdallah
* Samer Abu Daqqa
* Roee Edan
* Belal Jadallah

General topics|

* Friendly fire

Related
people|

| Israelis|

* Nimrod Aloni
* Rachel Goldberg-Polin
* Eitan Okun
* Yagel Oshri
* Inbal Rabin-Lieberman
* Amir Tibon

|

Palestinians|

* Wael Al-Dahdouh
* Plestia Alaqad
* Motaz Azaiza
* Bisan Owda
* Mustafa Moien Ayyash

Other
topics|

* Al-Saqqa House
* Al Qarara Cultural Museum
* Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war
* Central Archives of Gaza City
* Bearing Witness
* From the river to the sea
* Gaza Daily
* "Harbu Darbu"
* "Hind's Hall"
* Israeli demolition of Palestinian property
* "Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population"
* Project Nimbus
* "Rajieen"
* Blockout 2024
* Ahmed Abdel Khalek
* All Eyes on Rafah

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Arab–Israeli conflict

* v
* t
* e

* Countries
* Authorities
* Organizations

Primary countries
and authorities|

* All-Palestine
* Egyptian Kingdom and Republic
* Hamas Gaza
* Iraqi Kingdom and Ba'athist Iraq
* Israel
* Jordan
* Palestinian Authority
* Saudi Arabia
* Syrian Republic and Ba'athist Syria

Organizations|

| Active|

* Abu Nidal
* Amal
* al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
* Arab League
* Arab Liberation Front
* Army of Islam
* DFLP
* Fatah
* Guardians of the Cedars
* Hamas
* Hezbollah
* Kataeb
* Lebanese Forces
* al-Mourabitoun
* Muslim Brotherhood
* PIJ
* PLF
* PLO
* Palestinian Popular Struggle Front
* PFLP
* PFLP-GC
* Popular Resistance Committees
* as-Sa'iqa
* Syrian Social Nationalist Party

|

Former|

* Arab Higher Committee
* Arab Liberation Army
* Black September
* Haganah
* Holy War Army
* Irgun
* Japanese Red Army
* Lehi
* Palmach
* Revolutionary Cells
* South Lebanon Army

Other countries|

* France
* Kuwait
* Libya
* Morocco
* North Korea
* United Arab Emirates
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Yemen

Transnational|

* European Union
* United Nations

Former states|

* Soviet Union
* United Arab Republic

* v
* t
* e

Armed engagements

1947–1959|

* 1948 Palestine war
* Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949)
* Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency (1949–1956)
* Suez Crisis (1956)

1960–1979|

* Samu incident (1966)
* Six-Day War (1967)
* War of Attrition (1967–1970)
* Battle of Karameh (1968)
* Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon (1968–1982)
* Gift (1968)
* Yom Kippur War (1973)
* Sabena Flight 571 (1972)
* Lod Airport massacre (1972)
* Munich massacre (1972)
* Bayonet (1972–1979)
* Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 (1973)
* Ma'alot massacre (1974)
* Savoy Hotel attack (1975)
* Entebbe (1976)
* Coastal Road massacre (1978)
* Litani (1978)

1980–1999|

* Misgav Am hostage crisis (1980)
* Opera (1981)
* Lebanon War (1982)
* Bus 300 affair (1984)
* South Lebanon conflict (1985)
* Wooden Leg (1985)
* First Intifada (1987–1993)
* Mothers' Bus attack (1988)
* Tunis raid (1988)
* Iraqi missile attacks against Israel (1991)
* Bramble Bush (1992)
* Palestinian suicide attacks (1993–2008)
* Accountability (1993)
* Grapes of Wrath (1996)

2000–2021|

* Second Intifada (2000–2005)
* Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel (2001–)
* Ain es Saheb airstrike (2003)
* Bringing Home the Goods (2006)
* Summer Rains (2006)
* Autumn Clouds (2006)
* Lebanon War (2006)
* Gaza–Israel conflict (2006–)
* Hot Winter (2007–2008)
* Gaza War (2008–2009)
* Palestinian militancy campaign (2010)
* Southern Israel cross-border attacks (2011)
* Returning Echo (2012)
* Pillar of Defense (2012)
* Gaza War (2014)
* Wave of violence (2015–2016)
* Gaza border protests (2018)
* Gaza–Israel clashes (2018)
* Gaza–Israel clashes (2019)
* Black Belt (2019)
* Israel–Palestine crisis (2021)
* Breaking Dawn (2022)
* Shield and Arrow (2023)
* Israel–Hamas war (2023–2024)

* v
* t
* e

Diplomacy and peace proposals

Background|

* 1914 Damascus Protocol
* 1915 McMahon–Hussein Correspondence
* 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement
* 1917 Balfour Declaration
* 1918 Declaration to the Seven / Anglo-French Declaration
* 1919 Faisal–Weizmann agreement
* 1920 San Remo conference
* 1922 Churchill White Paper
* 1937 Peel Commission
* 1939 White Paper
* 1939 London Conference
* 1946 Morrison–Grady Plan
* 1947 Bevin Plan
* 1946–47 London Conference
* 1947 UN Partition Plan
* 1948 American trusteeship proposal

1948–1983|

* 1948 UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
* 1949 Armistice agreements / Lausanne Conference
* 1950 Tripartite Declaration
* 1967 Khartoum Resolution / UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
* 1973 UNSC Resolution 338 / UNSC Resolution 339
* 1974 Israel–Syria disengagement agreement / UNSC Resolution 350
* 1978 UNSC Resolution 425 / Camp David Accords
* 1979 UNSC Resolution 446 / Egypt–Israel peace treaty Palestinian autonomy talks / UNSC Resolution 452
* 1980 UNSC Resolution 478
* 1981 UNSC Resolution 497
* 1981–1982 Fahd Plan
* 1982 Reagan peace plan
* 1983 Israel–Lebanon agreement

1991–2016|

* 1991 Madrid Conference
* 1993 Oslo Accords
* 1994 Gaza–Jericho Agreement / Israel–Jordan peace treaty
* 1995 Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement
* 1998 Wye River Memorandum
* 1999 Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
* 2000 Camp David Summit / Clinton Parameters
* 2000 Isratin
* 2001 Taba Summit
* 2002 Beirut Summit and peace initiative / Road map
* 2003 Geneva Initiative
* 2004 UNSC Resolution 1559 / UNSC Resolution 1566
* 2005 UNSC Resolution 1583 / Sharm El Sheikh Summit / Israeli disengagement from Gaza / Agreement on Movement and Access
* 2006 UNSC Resolution 1850 / Quartet Principles
* 2006 UNSC Resolution 1701
* 2007 Annapolis Conference
* 2010 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
* 2013 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
* 2016 John Kerry Parameters

2019–present|

* 2019 Trump peace plan
* 2020 Abraham Accords
* Israel–UAE normalization agreement
* Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement
* Israel–Sudan normalization agreement
* Israel–Morocco normalization agreement
* 2022 Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement

* v
* t
* e

Palestinian nationalism and the region of Palestine

| Palestine (British Mandate borders)| State of Palestine| Palestinian Authority

|
|

* Name
* Timeline of the name "Palestine"

* History
* Time periods
* Demographics
* Nakba
* Israeli–Palestinian conflict

* Palestinians
* Culture
*     * Refugees
* Diaspora

* Right of return

* Political status
* History
* Palestine Liberation Organization
* Green Line

* Palestinian territories

* West Bank
*     * Enclaves

* Gaza Strip

* East Jerusalem
* Status of Jerusalem
* Jerusalem Governorate

* Oslo Accords
* Oslo II Accord

* Politics
* Cities (PNA-administered)
* Governorates
* Foreign relations
* Law
* Legislative Council

* Political parties
*     * Fatah
* Hamas

* v
* t
* e

Zionism and the Land of Israel

| Land of Israel| Independent Israel| Modern Israel

|
|

History

* * *

* Prehistory / History of the Levant
* History of ancient Israel and Judah
* Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism

The Jewish people

* * *

* Timeline of Jewish history
* History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel (leaders)
* Modern Jewish settlement
* History of Israel, Israeli Jews, Culture of Israel, Law of Return

|

History to 1948

* * *

Zionism (history, timeline), Aliyah, Balfour Declaration, Mandate document, Mandatory Palestine

History

* * *

UN Partition Plan, Declaration of Independence

Politics

* * *

Arab–Israeli conflict, Israeli–Palestinian conflict (Peace process, Iran–Israel conflict, Arab–Israeli alliance

Society and economy

* * *

Kibbutzim and Moshavim, Exodus from the Muslim world, Development towns, Austerity, Agriculture technology

|

Green Line

Israeli settlements
Timeline, International law

West Bank
Judea and Samaria Area

Gaza Strip
Hof Aza Regional Council

East Jerusalem
Status of Jerusalem

|

* v
* t
* e

Foreign relations of the State of Palestine

Africa|

* Algeria
* Burkina Faso
* Comoros
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Ethiopia
* Kenya
* Libya
* Morocco
* Namibia
* Nigeria
* Sahrawi Republic
* Somalia
* South Africa
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Tunisia
* Zimbabwe

Americas|

* Argentina
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* Chile
* Cuba
* El Salvador
* Ecuador
* Honduras
* Mexico
* Peru
* United States
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bangladesh
* Bahrain
* Brunei
* China
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Kurdistan Region
* Kuwait
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Lebanon
* Kazakhstan
* Kyrgyzstan
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* North Korea
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Thailand
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates
* Vietnam
* Yemen

Europe|

* Albania
* Austria
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Cyprus
* Denmark
* East Germany
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Holy See
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Montenegro
* Norway
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

Oceania|

* Australia
* New Zealand

Disputes|

* Israeli–Palestinian conflict
* Palestinian political violence
* Fatah–Hamas conflict

Multilateral relations|

* Arab League
* European Union
* Non-Aligned Movement
* United Nations (Security Council resolutions)

Related topics|

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates
* Diplomatic missions of / in Palestine
* Recognition of statehood
* Legal status
* Palestine 194
* Foreign relations of Hamas

* v
* t
* e

Foreign relations of Israel

Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Botswana
* Cameroon
* Chad
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Ethiopia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Kenya
* Liberia
* Libya
* Malawi
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somaliland
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zimbabwe

Americas|

* Argentina
* Barbados
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* Chile
* Colombia
* Cuba
* Haiti
* Mexico
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* United States
* military
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Cambodia
* China
* Hong Kong
* East Timor
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Kurdistan Region
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kuwait
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* North Korea
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Palestine
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates
* Vietnam
* Yemen

Europe|

* Albania
* Austria
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Holy See
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Kosovo
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Monaco
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* Marshall Islands
* Micronesia
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Tonga

Former|

* East Germany
* Soviet Union
* Yugoslavia

Multilateral relations|

* Arab world
* Arab League
* Arab–Israeli conflict
* Arab–Israeli alliance
* European Union
* United Nations

Diplomacy|

* Alliance of the periphery
* Camp David Accords
* Egypt
* Jordan
* Palestine
* Abraham Accords
* United Arab Emirates
* Bahrain
* Sudan
* Morocco
* Diplomatic missions of Israel / in Israel
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* International recognition
* Legitimacy / Right to exist

* v
* t
* e

Iran–Israel proxy conflict

Background|

* Iranian Revolution
* Iran–Iraq war
* 1999 arrest of Iranian Jews

2024 Iran–Israel conflict|

* Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus
* reactions
* Iranian seizure of the MSC Aries
* Iranian strikes in Israel
* Israeli strikes on Iran

Hezbollah–Israel conflict|

* Israeli–Lebanese conflict
* South Lebanon conflict
* 1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats
* 1992 Buenos Aires Israeli embassy bombing
* AMIA bombing
* 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict
* 2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid
* 2005 Hezbollah cross-border raid
* 2006 Lebanon War
* 2008 Israel–Hezbollah prisoner exchange
* 2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt
* Francop Affair
* January 2015 Shebaa Farms incident
* Operation Northern Shield
* 2019 Beirut drone crash
* 2023 Israel–Lebanon shellings
* Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
* Projectile attacks from Lebanon

Israeli–Palestinian conflict|

* Karine A affair
* Victoria Affair
* Operation Full Disclosure

Gaza–Israel conflict|

* Gaza War (2008–2009)
* 2014 Gaza War
* Israel–Hamas war

Syrian civil war|

* January 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrike
* May 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrikes
* December 2014 Rif Dimashq airstrikes
* January 2015 Mazraat Amal incident
* April 2015 Qalamoun incident
* March 2017 Israel–Syria incident
* February 2018 Israel–Syria incident
* Operation House of Cards
* September 2018 Syria missile strikes
* August 2019 Syria missile strikes
* November 2019 Syria missile strikes
* January 2021 Syria airstrikes
* July 2022 Damascus airstrikes
* 2023 Damascus airstrike
* Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents
* Hezbollah involvement

International incidents|

* Operation Outside the Box
* 2009 Sudan airstrikes
* 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
* 2012 attacks on Israeli diplomats
* 2012 Bangkok bombings
* 2012 Cyprus terrorist plot
* 2012 Burgas bus bombing
* Yarmouk munitions factory explosion
* 2019 Israeli airstrikes in Iraq
* 2022 Erbil missile attacks
* 2022 Istanbul terror plot
* 2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria

Nuclear program of Iran|

* Assassination of Iranian nuclear scientists
* Ardeshir Hosseinpour
* Massoud Ali-Mohammadi
* Majid Shahriari
* Fereydoon Abbasi
* Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan
* Mohsen Fakhrizadeh
* AMAD Project
* Bid Kaneh explosion
* Stuxnet
* 2020 Iran explosions
* 2021 Natanz incident
* 2023 Iran drone attacks

Related|

* Russia and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict
* Russia–Hamas relations
* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
* Ahmad Reza Djalali
* Axis of Resistance
* Arab–Israeli alliance
* Abraham Accords
* Warsaw Middle East conference
* People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
* Little Satan
* Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel
* Views on military action against Iran
* Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
* Iranian support for Hamas
* Israel and state-sponsored terrorism
* Quds Day
* Prisoner X2
* Tehran

Category:Iran–Israel proxy conflict

Portals:

* Palestine
* Israel

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[c.]: circa