Hanle (village)

Village in Ladakh, India

Hanle

Village

Hanle Village

Hanle

Location in Ladakh, India

Show map of Ladakh

Hanle

Hanle (India)

Show map of India

Coordinates: 32°47′N 79°00′E﻿ / ﻿32.79°N 79.00°E﻿ / 32.79; 79.00
Country|  India
Union Territory| Ladakh
District| Leh
Tehsil| Nyoma
Population

(2011)

• Total

| 1,879
Languages

• Official| Hindi and English
Time zone| UTC+5:30 (IST)
Hanle Gompa

Hanle (also spelt Anle) is a large historic village in the Indian union territory of Ladakh. The village of Hanle comprises six hamlets — Bhok, Dhado, Punguk, Khuldo, Naga and Tibetan Refugee habitation —within 1100 sq km Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary in Changthang plateau.[1] It is the site of the 17th-century Hanle Monastery (gompa) of the Drukpa Kagyu branch of Tibetan Buddhism. Hanle is located in the Hanle River valley on an old branch of the ancient Ladakh–Tibet trade route. Hanle is the home of Hanle observatory (ISO - Indian Astronomical Observatory), the tenth (see List of highest astronomical observatories) highest optical telescope in the world in India.

## Geography

[edit]

Hanle is in the valley of the Hanle River, which originates near the Imis La pass [5.290m or 17,355 ft high saddle, south of Ukdungle Indian Military base, Zarsar & Tradole peak] on the India-Tibet border and joins the Indus river near Nowi and Loma north of Hanle village,[2] close to the town of Nyoma. A road running through the Hanle valley from Loma is the quickest way to reach Hanle from Chushul and Pangong Tso side. In 2012, the road terminated near Hanle (see "Transport" section for new road connectivity), the traditional trade and pilgrimage corridor formerly ran up the Hanle valley to Imis La, crossed into the Indus valley via Charding La near Demchok and Dêmqog, and proceeded to Tashigang in Tibet. This traditional trade route to Tibet is now closed.[3]

Hanle is also connected to Koyul river valley to the east via a winding mountain road that passes through the Photi La pass.[4]

## Demographics

[edit]

The valley is home to approximately two thousand people, of whom about 300 people are living in Hanle village.

## History

[edit]

Hanle is mentioned by name in the settlement document of the kingdom of Maryul in c. 930 AD, as forming one of its frontiers: "Wam-le (Hanle), to the top of the pass of the Yi-mig rock (Imis pass)". To the west of this frontier were the highlands of Rupshu and, beyond it, Zanskar.[5][6]

Sengge Namgyal (r. 1616–1642) built the prominent Hanle monastery in association with Tatsang Repa (Stag-tsang-ras-pa), the notable Buddhist priest of the Drukpa ("red hat") sect.[7] Sengge Namgyal died here in 1642 after his return from an expedition against the Mongols who had occupied the Tibetan province of Tsang and were threatening Ladakh's possessions in Tibet.[8][9]

## Hanle Observatory

[edit]

Main article: Indian Astronomical Observatory

Hanle is home to the Indian Astronomical Observatory. The location of the village and the observatory are highly sensitive due to the close proximity of the Tibetan / Chinese border.

India set up the Himalayan Chandra Telescope, a 2m gamma ray telescope at Hanle. The Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope (MACE), which is under construction in Hanle, will be the world's highest Cerenkov telescope and the second largest Cerenkov telescope in the world.[10] It was originally scheduled to become operational by 2016,[11] but plans were pushed back to begin operations in 2020.[12][13]

Stable Auroral Red (SAR) arcs were observed in Hanle in April 2023[14][15] and November 2023,[16][17] as well as during the May 2024 solar storms.[18][19]

## Wildlife

[edit]

Hanle is an important area for wild animals. It harbours the only population of the Tibetan gazelle in Ladakh.[20] The wetlands in the Hanle basin teem with migratory birds including Bar-headed Goose and the Black-necked Crane. One can easily see scores of Tibetan wild ass grazing on the sedge-meadows along the Hanle River.

## Transport

[edit]

See also: India-China Border Roads and Touristic roads in Ladakh

Nyoma Air Base in northwest and Fukche Air Base in east are 74 km and 24 km away, respectively, and Ukdungle town is in South. Hanle is important stopover from mainland India to Ukdungle, Chumar sector and Demchok sector.

"Hanle-Kaza-Tabo Road" (HKT Road) is being constructed by the BRO under Indo-China Border Roads (ICBR) scheme. This road connects to and partially overlaps with the 125 km long Kiato-Karzok Road, from Kiato (near Kaza in Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh) through the Takling La Tunnel (5575 m) to Karzok (on shores of Tso Moriri), being constructed by the BRO as fourth alternative route to Ladakh.[21]

"Hanle-Zursar-Imis La Road" (HZI Road) was completed by December 2023.[22]

## See also

[edit]

* Demchok sector
* Geography of Ladakh
* India-China border infrastructure
* Tourism in Ladakh

## References

[edit]

### Citations

[edit]

1. ^ Hanle India's first dark sky reserve, accessed 5 June 2023.
2. ^ Ward, A. E. (1896), The Tourist's and Sportsman's guide to Kashmir and Ladak, Thaker, Spink & Co, pp. 113–114 – via archive.org
3. ^ Bhattacharji, Ladakh (2012), Chapter 10, "Hanle: Star gazing in a Corner of Changthang".
4. ^ Bhattacharji, Ladakh (2012), Chapter 9, "Changthang: The High Plateau".
5. ^ Fisher, Rose & Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground (1963), p. 19.
6. ^ Howard & Howard, Historic Ruins in the Gya Valley (2014), p. 83.
7. ^ Rizvi, Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia (1996), p. 69.
8. ^ Rizvi, Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia (1996), p. 70.
9. ^ Petech, The Kingdom of Ladakh (1977), pp. 47–48.
10. ^ Sharma, Ravi (29 September 2001). "A stellar acquisition". Frontline. Vol. 18, no. 20\. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012.
11. ^ Mallikarjun, Y. (28 June 2014). "Gamma ray telescope to be flagged off to Ladakh". The Hindu.
12. ^ "The Clear Night Sky over India and China's Hostile Border". The New Yorker. 19 September 2020.
13. ^ "World's highest and India's largest gamma-ray telescope to go live in Ladakh this year". ThePrint. 23 January 2020.
14. ^ IIAstrophysics [@IIABengaluru] (29 April 2023). "#Aurora from #Ladakh! This is a time-lapse of the sky taken by a 360 deg camera at from #Hanle on 22/23 April night. You can see the aurora lights due to an intense geomagnetic storm that hit the Earth. It is extremely rare to see aurora at such a low latitude! @dstindia (1/n)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
15. ^ Vichare, Geeta; Bhaskar, Ankush; Rawat, Rahul; Yadav, Virendra; Mishra, Wageesh; Angchuk, Dorje; Anand Kumar Singh (2024). "Low-Latitude Auroras: Insights from 23 April 2023 Solar Storm". arXiv:2405.08821 [physics.space-ph].
16. ^ IIAstrophysics [@IIABengaluru] (9 November 2023). "Red auroral activity, attributed to a SAR event, was seen on 5 November from our observatories in Hanle and Merak in Ladakh! This was due to a geomagnetic storm caused by a solar storm #Aurora #RedAurora" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
17. ^ Khanna, Bosky (9 November 2023). "IIA researchers record the rare auroral activity at Hanle in Ladakh". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
18. ^ IIAstrophysics [@IIABengaluru] (11 May 2024). "Intense aurorae were seen at latitudes as low as Ladakh this morning due to the strongest solar storm in 2 decades. And our cameras captured its glory! See the timelapse from all-sky camera at #Hanle #Ladakh #HDSR @IndiaDST @asipoec @dorje1974 @utladakhtourism @fiddlingstars" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
19. ^ PTI (11 May 2024). "Northern Lights: Severe solar storm triggers rare auroral arc in Ladakh sky". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
20. ^ Namgail, T; Bagchi, S; Mishra, C; Bhatnagar, YV (2008). "Distributional correlates of the Tibetan gazelle in northern India: Towards a recovery programme" (PDF). Oryx. 42: 107–112\. doi:10.1017/S0030605308000768. S2CID 55919494.
21. ^ "Kyato-Korzok road will connect Himachal to Ladakh, army will have easy access to China border". Amar Ujala. 21 April 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
22. ^ YEAR-END DEADLINE SET FOR BRO TO COMPLETE 20 ROADS ALONG LAC AS STANDOFF WITH CHINA LOOKS INCREASINGLY IRREVERSIBLE, INDIAN DEFENCE NEWS, AUGUST 03, 2023.

### Sources

[edit]

* Bhattacharji, Romesh (2012), Ladakh: Changing, Yet Unchanged, New Delhi: Rupa Publications – via Academia.edu
* Fisher, Margaret W.; Rose, Leo E.; Huttenback, Robert A. (1963), Himalayan Battleground: Sino-Indian Rivalry in Ladakh, Praeger, archived from the original on 28 July 2023, retrieved 31 October 2019
* Lo Bue, Erberto; Bray, John, eds. (2014), "Introduction", Art and Architecture in Ladakh: Cross-cultural Transmissions in the Himalayas and Karakoram, BRILL, ISBN 978-90-04-27180-7
* Howard, Neil; Howard, Kath (2014), "Historic Ruins in the Gya Valley, Eastern Ladakh, and a Consideration of Their Relationship to the History of Ladakh and Maryul", Ibid, pp. 68–99, ISBN 9789004271807
* Petech, Luciano (1977), The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. (PDF), Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente – via academia.edu[dead link]
* Rizvi, Janet (1996), Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-564016-8

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hanle.

* Hanle Travel Info

* v
* t
* e

Union Territory of Ladakh

Capital: Kargil; Leh

State symbols|

* Animal: Snow leopard
* Bird: Black-necked crane

History|

| Pre-Independent India|

* Maryul
* Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh
* Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
* Treaty of Tingmosgang
* Dogra–Tibetan War
* Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir

|

Post-Independent India|

* 1947–1948 India-Pakistan War
* 1948 military operations in Ladakh
* 1971 battle of Turtuk
* 2010 Ladakh floods
* 2019 Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh reorganisation

Conflicts|

* Demchok conflict
* India–China conflict
* India–Pakistan conflict
* Kashmir conflict
* Siachen conflict

Administration|

* Districts
* Politics of Ladakh
* Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Kargil
* Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh
* Ladakh Police
* Ladakh Renewable Energy Development Agency
* Jammu and Kashmir High Court
* Lieutenant Governors
* Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency)

Geography|

| General|

* Four types of Himalayan ranges
* Geology of the Himalaya

|

Ranges|

* Baltoro Muztagh
* Ladakh Range
* Saltoro Mountains
* Zanskar Range
* Kailash Range

Plateau|

* Depsang Plains
* More plains
* Sirijap
* Teram Shehr Plateau

Valleys|

* Leh
* Rupshu
* Salt Valley
* Mushkoh Valley
* Padum
* Shyok
* Suru Valley
* Nubra
* Zanskar
* Aryan valley

Glaciers|

* Chumik Glacier
* Drang-Drung Glacier
* Machoi Glacier
* Parkachik Glacier
* Shafat Glacier
* Siachen Glacier

Lakes|

* Tso Moriri
* Pangong Tso

Rivers|

* Sutlej
* Beas
* Ravi
* Shyok
* Chenab
* Drass River
* Indus
* Zanskar
* Tsarap
* Doda
* Yapola
* Suru River
* Markha
* Galwan
* Chip Chap

Passes|

* Bilafond La
* Chang la
* Fotu La
* Gyong La
* Indira Col
* Karakoram Pass
* Khardung La
* Kongka Pass
* Lachulung La
* Taglang La
* Marsimik La
* Namika La
* Pensi La
* Rezang La
* Rimo
* Sasser Pass
* Sia La
* Shingo La
* Spanggur Gap
* Zoji La

Mountain peaks|

* Bana Top
* Chumik Kangri
* Ghent Kangri
* Gurung Hill
* India Saddle
* K12
* Saltoro Kangri
* Sherpi Kangri
* Tiger Saddle

Human
settlements|

* Meenamarg
* Burtse
* Chalunka
* Chemrey
* Chushul
* Daulat Beg Oldi
* Demchok
* Diskit
* Dras
* Dzingrulma
* Fukche
* Hemis
* Hanle
* Kargil
* Khalatse
* Leh
* Likir
* Murgo
* Nimo
* Nyoma
* Padum
* Panamik
* Purne
* Rangdum
* Sankoo
* Sasoma
* Shey
* Shyok
* Thiksey
* Thoise
* Turtuk
* Ukdungle
* Upshi
* Zangla

Culture|

| General|

* Music of Ladakh

|

Languages|

* Ladakhi
* Purgi
* Balti
* Zangskari
* Changthang
* Brokskat

Festivals|

* Bono-na festival

Tourism and
wildlife|

| Wildlife|

* Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary
* Hemis National Park
* Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary

|

Tourism|

* Khurnak Fort
* Ladakh Marathon
* Shanti Stupa, Ladakh
* Siachen Base Camp

Indo-Tibetan
Buddhist monasteries|

* Alchi
* Bardan
* Basgo
* Chemrey
* Diskit
* Hanle
* Hemis
* Hundur
* Korzok
* Karsha
* Lamayuru
* Likir
* Lingshed
* Mashro/Matho Monastery
* Mulbekh
* Namgyal Tsemo
* Phugtal
* Phyang
* Rangdum
* Rizong
* Sani
* Sankar
* Saspul
* Shey Monastery
* Spituk
* Stakna
* Stok
* Stongdey
* Takthok
* Thikse
* Tserkarmo
* Tonde
* Wanla
* Zangla
* Zongkul

Transport|

| Airports|

* Kargil Airport
* Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport (Leh)
* Military AGLs

|

Roads|

* Darbuk–Shyok–DBO Road
* India-China Border Roads
* Leh–Manali Highway
* NH1 Leh–Kargil–Srinagar Highway
* Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road (under construction)
* Sasoma–Saser La Road

Railway|

* Bhanupli–Leh line (Planned)
* Srinagar–Leh line (Planned)

Infrastructure|

| General|

* Indian Astronomical Observatory

|

Dams
and hydroelectric project|

* Chutak
* Dumkhar
* Salal

Education|

* Central Institute of Buddhist Studies
* Defence Institute of High Altitude Research
* Druk White Lotus School
* Eliezer Joldan Memorial College Leh, Ladakh
* Government Degree College, Kargil
* Phuktal Monastic School
* Students' Educational and Cultural Movement of Ladakh
* University of Ladakh

See also|

| Borders|

* Line of Actual Control
* Line of Control
* Actual Ground Position Line

|

Other|

* Curious BRO roadsigns

* v
* t
* e

Leh district

Cities and Towns|

* Leh (Municipal Committee)
* Choglamsar (Census Town)
* Spituk (Census Town)

Tehsils
and
villages|

| Durbuk|

* Chushul
* Durbok
* Kargyam
* Man Pangong
* Shachokol
* Tangtse

|

Khalsi
(Khaltsi)|

* Dah
* Dah Hanu
* Damkhar
* Fotoksar
* Hanu
* Kanji
* Khalatse
* Lamayuru
* Leido
* Lingshet
* Nurla
* Skinlingyong
* Skur Buchan
* Takmachik
* Temisgam
* Tia
* Wanla
* Youl Chung

Kharu|

* Changa
* Chemrey
* Gia
* Hemis
* Igoo
* Khargu
* Kharoo
* Langokor
* Matselang
* Meroo
* Phuktse
* Serthi
* Shang
* Shara
* Sharnose
* Upshi

Leh|

* Chuchat Yakma
* Chuchot Gongma
* Chuchot Shama
* Fiang
* Mathoo
* Nang
* Phey
* Rambir Por
* Saboo
* Sakti
* Shey
* Stakna
* Stok
* Thiksey

Likir|

* Alchi
* Bazgoo
* Chiling Sumda
* Giramangu
* Hemis Shukpachan
* Likir
* Ney
* Nimo
* Rumbak
* Saspochey
* Skiumarkha
* Suspol
* Tarhipti
* Taroo
* Umla

Nyoma|

* Anlay
* Chumar
* Chumathang
* Demchok
* Hanle
* Himya
* Karzok
* Kerey
* Kharnak
* Koyul
* Kumgyam
* Liktse
* Mood
* Nyoma
* Samad Rakchan
* Skitmang
* Tarchit
* Teri
* Tukla
* Ukdungle

Sumur
(Nubra)|

* Bogdang
* Chalunkha
* Chamshan Charasa
* Digger
* Diskit
* Hundar
* Hundar Dok
* Hundri
* Khalsar
* Khardong
* Khemakhungiu
* Khemi
* Kubed
* Lakjung
* Largiab
* Murgo
* Panamic
* Partap Pore
* Skanpuk
* Skuru
* Sumoor
* Takshi
* Tangyar
* Tegar
* Terchey
* Thang
* Thoise
* Turtuk
* Udmaru
* Warisfistan

*[c.]: circa
*[r.]: reigned
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