Haruka (citrus)

Citrus fruit

Haruka

Haruka citrus fruits

Genus| Citrus
Species| Citrus tamurana
Hybrid parentage| Hyuganatsu × natsudaidai
Cultivar| Haruka
Origin| Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
Unripe fruit on tree

Haruka (Citrus tamurana × natsudaidai) is a Citrus cultivar grown in Japan and the Korean Peninsula.

## Genetics and origin

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In 1980, Tokuo Ishii of Nijo-machi, Itoshima-gun (now Itoshima City), Fukuoka Prefecture, discovered a natural hybrid seedling of "Hyuganatsu" in his garden, which was grafted in 1982 and bore fruit for the first time in 1986. The variety was registered on October 15, 1996. The name of the variety when it was applied for registration was "Enka".[1] Initially thought to be a natural mutation of the hyuganatsu (Citrus tamurana), it is now inferred that the Haruka is a hybrid between the hyuganatsu and natsudaidai (Citrus natsudaidai), with the hyuganatsu being the seed parent and the natsudaidai being the pollen parent.[2]

The 2009 harvest of the fruit in Japan was approximately 1,258 tons, of which 45% came from Ehime Prefecture, 25% from Nagasaki Prefecture, and 21% from Hiroshima Prefecture.[3]

## Description

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The fruit is small to medium in size (around the size of an orange) and can be round, oblate, or pyriform in shape. It weighs around 200 grams (0.44 pounds). The rind is moderately thick (around the thickness of an orange) and is yellow in color; it is smooth but porous and is fragrant. It is reportedly difficult to peel by hand. The flesh is bright yellow in color and is separated into 10–11 segments by thin membranes. It is moderately seedy. There is a circular protrusion on the non-stem end and there is sometimes a nipple at the stem end. The flavor is said to be very sweet but rather mild. Like the hyuganatsu, the spongy, white pith is sweet and edible. It is most commonly eaten raw and is usually eaten with the pith intact. The sugar content is roughly 13 °Bx and acidity is low. It ripens from late winter to spring and keeps for 1–3 weeks in a refrigerator.[4][1]

## Nutrition

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Haruka is rich in vitamin A and C, and contains smaller amounts of vitamin B1 and beta-carotene.[4]

## Distribution

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It is cultivated in southern Japan, mainly in Ehime, Hiroshima and Nagasaki prefectures. It is sold in markets in Japan and is exported to Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.[4]

## Confectionery products

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A flavor of the Japanese candy Puccho [es; id; ja] is based on the haruka citrus fruit.[5]

## See also

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* Japanese citrus
* List of citrus fruits

## References

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1. ^ a b 農林水産省品種登録データベース「はるか」 Archived 9 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine
2. ^ Shimizu, Tokurou; Kitajima, Akira; Nonaka, Keisuke; Yoshioka, Terutaka; Ohta, Satoshi; Goto, Shingo; Toyoda, Atsushi; Fujiyama, Asao; Mochizuki, Takako; Nagasaki, Hideki; Kaminuma, Eli; Nakamura, Yasukazu (30 November 2016). "Hybrid Origins of Citrus Varieties Inferred from DNA Marker Analysis of Nuclear and Organelle Genomes". PLOS ONE. 11 (11): e0166969. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1166969S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166969. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5130255. PMID 27902727.
3. ^ "ハルカ（はるか）の産地 栽培面積 収穫量 出荷量｜果物統計 グラフ". 果物ナビ (in Japanese). Retrieved 4 April 2024.
4. ^ a b c "Haruka Citrus". specialtyproduce.com. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
5. ^ "Puccho Chewy Candy - Haruka Citrus". Japan Candy Store. Retrieved 20 February 2021.

* v
* t
* e

Citrus

True species|

* Australian and Papuan wild limes group
* Citron
* Ichang papeda
* Kaffir lime
* Kumquats group
* Mandarin orange
* Mangshanyegan
* Mountain citron
* Pomelo
* Ryukyu mandarin

Major hybrids|

* Grapefruit
* Lemon
* Lime
* Orange (sweet orange)

True and hybrid
cultivars|

* Alemow
* Amanatsu
* Assam lemon
* Bergamot orange
* Bizzarria
* Bitter orange
* Blood lime
* Blood orange
* Byeonggyul
* Biasong
* Cam sành
* Cara Cara navel orange
* Citrange
* Citrumelo
* Clementine
* Coorg orange
* Daidai
* Dekopon
* Encore
* Fairchild tangerine
* Florentine citron
* Forbidden fruit
* Ginger lime
* Haruka
* Hassaku
* Hebesu
* Heen naran
* Hyuganatsu
* Imperial lemon
* Indian wild orange
* Iyokan
* Jabara
* Jaffa orange
* Jamaican tangelo
* Kabbad
* Kabosu
* Kaji Nemu
* Kakadu lime
* Kalpi
* Kanpei
* Kawachi bankan
* Key lime
* Khasi papeda
* Kinkoji unshiu
* Kinnow
* Kishu mikan
* Kiyomi
* Kobayashi mikan
* Koji
* Komikan
* Laraha
* Lemonade fruit
* Limón de Pica
* Lumia
* Mandelo
* Mandora
* Melanesian papeda
* Melogold
* Meyer lemon
* Micrantha
* Midknight Valencia Orange
* Murcott
* Myrtle-leaved orange tree
* Nagpur orange
* Nasnaran
* New Zealand grapefruit
* Ōgonkan
* Orangelo/Chironja
* Oroblanco
* Palestinian sweet lime
* Persian lime
* Pixie mandarin
* Pompia
* Ponderosa lemon
* Ponkan
* Rangpur
* Reikou
* Rhobs el Arsa
* Rough lemon
* Samuyao
* Sanbokan
* Satsuma mandarin
* Setoka
* Shangjuan
* Shonan Gold
* Smith Red Valencia
* Sudachi
* Suruga yuko
* Sweet lemon
* Sweet limetta
* Tangelo
* Tangerine
* Tangor
* Tsunonozomi
* Valencia orange
* Variegated pink lemon
* Volkamer lemon
* Winged lime
* Xã Đoài orange
* Yūkō
* Yuzu

Citrons|

* Balady citron
* Corsican citron
* Diamante citron
* Fingered citron/Buddha's hand
* Greek citron
* Moroccan citron
* Yemenite citron

Mandarin oranges|

* Cleopatra mandarin
* Shīkwāsā
* Nanfengmiju
* Tachibana
* Willowleaf orange

Papedas|

* Celebes papeda
* Mountain "citron"
* Ichang papeda

Pomelos|

* Banpeiyu
* Dangyuja

Kumquats group|

| Kumquat species|

* Hong Kong kumquat
* Meiwa kumquat
* Oval kumquat
* Round kumquat
* Jiangsu kumquat
* Malayan kumquat

|

Kumquat hybrids
(× Citrofortunella)|

* Calamansi
* Citrangequat
* Limequat
* Mandarinquat
* Procimequat
* Sunquat
* Yuzuquat

Australian
and Papuan
wild limes group|

| Eromocitrus
(former genera)|

* Desert lime

|

Microcitrus
(former genera)|

* New Guinea wild lime
* Australian round lime
* Russell River lime
* Maiden's wild lime
* Mount White lime
* Australian finger lime
* Brown River finger lime

Clymenia
(former genera)|

* Clymenia platypoda
* Clymenia polyandra

Oxanthera
(former genera)|

* Orange-flowered oxanthera
* Large-leaf oxanthera
* Wavy-leaf oxanthera
* Oxanthera brevipes

Related genera
(perhaps
properly Citrus)|

* Poncirus/Trifoliate orange

Drinks|

* Calamansi juice
* Chūhai
* Curaçao
* Dried lime tea (noomi basra)
* Grapefruit juice
* Lemonade
* Limeade
* Orange juice
* Yuja-hwachae
* Yuja tea

Products|

* Calcium citrate
* Citric acid
* Lemonene
* Limonene
* Neroli
* Orange flower water
* Orange oil
* Orangeat
* Succade
* Zest

Diseases|

* Black spot
* Canker
* CTV/Tristeza
* Exocortis
* Greening
* Mal secco
* Phytophthora
* citricola

Citrus botanists|

* Clara H. Hasse
* Robert Willard Hodgson
* Lena B. Smithers Hughes
* David Mabberley
* Clément Rodier
* Robert Soost
* Walter Tennyson Swingle
* Chōzaburō Tanaka
* Ikuro Takahashi
* Johann Christoph Volkamer
* Herbert John Webber

Related topics|

* The Citrus Industry
* Citrus production
* Citrus rootstock
* Citrus taxonomy
* Cold-hardy citrus
* Hesperidium
* Japanese citrus
* List of citrus fruits
* Mother Orange Tree
* Orangery
* University of California Citrus Experiment Station
* University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection

* Category
* Production
* Commons

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