Harwich (UK Parliament constituency)

Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1801–2010

Harwich

Former county constituency
for the House of Commons

Boundary of Harwich in Essex in 2005.

Location of Essex within England.

County| Essex
1885–2010
Seats| one
Created from| Harwich (Parliamentary Borough), East Essex
Replaced by| Clacton, Harwich and North Essex
1604–1885
Seats| Two to 1868, one from 1868 to 1885
Type of constituency| Borough constituency
Replaced by| Harwich (County constituency)

Harwich /ˈhærɪtʃ/ was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until its abolition for the 2010 general election.

## History

[edit]

The Parliamentary Borough of Harwich had sent two members to the Parliament of England since it was founded in 1604[1] until 1707, then to the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and to the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801. Under the Reform Act 1867 its representation was reduced to one,[2] and in 1885 the parliamentary borough was abolished and replaced with a division of the County of Essex (later a county constituency) under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.[3] For a long period of time it was known as a "Treasury borough" due to the control the Treasury had over its elections.[4]

The constituency was abolished for the 2010 general election by the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, being succeeded by the new constituency of Clacton and part of the new constituency of Harwich and North Essex.

## Boundaries and boundary changes

[edit]

### 1885–1918

[edit]

* The Municipal Borough of Harwich; and
* Parts of the Sessional Divisions of Lexden and Winstree.

Non-resident freeholders of the Parliamentary Borough of Colchester, which constituted the Municipal Borough thereof, were also entitled to vote.[3]

Formally known as the North Eastern or Harwich Division of Essex, incorporating the abolished Parliamentary Borough of Harwich and extending southwards and westwards to include the towns of Clacton and Brightlingsea and the rural areas surrounding Colchester.

Harwich in Essex, 1918-83

### 1918–1950

[edit]

* The Municipal Borough of Harwich;
* The Urban Districts of Brightlingsea, Clacton, Frinton-on-Sea, Walton-on-the-Naze, and Wivenhoe; and
* The Rural District of Tendring.[5]

Western, rural areas now included in the new Colchester Division of Essex.

### 1950–1983

[edit]

* The Municipal Borough of Harwich;
* The Urban Districts of Brightlingsea, Clacton, Frinton and Walton, and Wivenhoe; and
* The Rural District of Tendring.[5][6]

No changes. (The Urban Districts of Frinton-on-Sea and Walton-on-the-Naze had been merged).

### 1983–1997

[edit]

* The District of Tendring wards of Beaumont and Thorpe, Bockings Elm, Bradfield Wrabness and Wix, Frinton, Golf Green, Great and Little Oakley, Harwich East, Harwich East Central, Harwich West, Harwich West Central, Haven, Holland and Kirby, Little Clacton, Ramsey, Rush Green, Southcliff, St Bartholomew's, St James, St John's, St Mary's, St Osyth, Tendring and Weeley, and Walton.[7]

Western parts, including Brightlingsea and Wivenhoe, included in the new constituency of North Colchester.

### 1997–2010

[edit]

* The District of Tendring wards of Beaumont and Thorpe, Bockings Elm, Frinton, Golf Green, Great and Little Oakley, Harwich East, Harwich East Central, Harwich West, Harwich West Central, Haven, Holland and Kirby, Little Clacton, Ramsey, Rush Green, St Bartholomew's, St James, St John's, St Mary's, Southcliff, and Walton.[8]

A further western slice, including St Osyth, added to the new constituency of North Essex (which had largely succeeded North Colchester).

Following the Boundary Commission's Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, Parliament radically altered some constituencies and created new ones to allow for changes in population. Consequently, the constituency of Harwich was abolished. The majority of the constituency, including Clacton, Frinton and Walton, formed the new constituency of Clacton, and Harwich and surrounding areas were included in the new constituency of Harwich and North Essex.

## Members of Parliament

[edit]

Constituency founded 1604

### 1604 to 1660

[edit]

Parliament | First member | Second member

|
|

1604 | Richard Browne | Thomas Trevor
1605 | John Panton
1614 | Sir Harbottle Grimston | Sir Robert Mansell
1614 (Apr) | Sir Charles Montagu
1620 | Sir Thomas Cheek | Edward Grimston
1624 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys
1625 | Sir Edmund Sawyer | Christopher Herrys
1626 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys
1628–1629 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys
1629–1640 | No Parliaments convened
1640 (Apr) | Sir Thomas Cheek | Sir John Jacob, 1st Baronet
1640 (Nov) | Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet | Sir Thomas Cheek
1645 | Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet, died
replaced 1647 by Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet
who was secluded Dec 1648 in Pride's Purge | Sir Thomas Cheek
1648 | Sir Thomas Cheek | Capel Luckyn
1653 | Harwich not represented in Barebone's Parliament
1654 | Harwich not represented in First Protectorate Parliament
1656 | Harwich not represented in Second Protectorate Parliament
1659 | John Sicklemore | Thomas King

### 1660–1868

[edit]

Year |  | First member[9] | First party |  | Second member[9] | Second party

|
|
|
|
|
|

1660  |  | Sir Capel Luckyn, Bt |  |  | Sir Henry Wright, Bt |
1661  |  | Thomas King |
1664  |  | Sir Capel Luckyn, Bt |
February 1679  |  | Sir Anthony Dean |  |  | Samuel Pepys |
August 1679  |  | Sir Philip Parker, Bt |  |  | Sir Thomas Middleton |
1685  |  | Sir Anthony Dean |  |  | Samuel Pepys |
1689  |  | Sir Thomas Middleton |  |  | John Eldred |
1690  |  | The Viscount Newhaven |
1695  |  | Sir Thomas Davall |
1698  |  | Samuel Atkinson |
1699  |  | Sir Thomas Middleton |
1701  |  | Dennis Lydell |
1702  |  | John Ellis |
May 1708  |  | Sir John Leake |  |  | Thomas Frankland |
December 1708  |  | Kenrick Edisbury |
1713  |  | Carew Hervey Mildmay |  |  | Sir Thomas Davall |
May 1714  |  | Thomas Heath |
June 1714  |  | Benedict Calvert |
1715  |  | Sir Philip Parker-a-Morley-Long, Bt |  |  | Thomas Heath |
1722  |  | Humphrey Parsons |
1727  |  | John Perceval |
1734  |  | Carteret Leathes |  |  | Charles Stanhope |
1741  |  | John Phillipson |  |  | Hill Mussenden |
1747  |  | Edward Coke |
1753  |  | Wenman Coke |
1756  |  | William Ponsonby |
1758  |  | Thomas Sewell |
1761  |  | Charles Townshend |  |  | John Roberts |
1767  |  | Thomas Bradshaw |
1768  |  | Edward Harvey |
1772  |  | Charles Jenkinson |
1774  |  | John Robinson |
1778  |  | George North |
1784  |  | Thomas Orde | Tory
1796  |  | Richard Hopkins |
1799  |  | Henry Dillon-Lee |
1802  |  | Thomas Myers |
January 1803  |  | John Hiley Addington | Tory[10]
April 1803  |  | James Adams |
1806  |  | William Fremantle | Tory[10]
March 1807  |  | James Adams |
May 1807  |  | William Huskisson | Tory[10]
1812  |  | Nicholas Vansittart | Tory[10]
1818  |  | Charles Bathurst | Tory[10]
1823  |  | George Canning | Tory[10] |  | John Charles Herries | Tory[10]
1826  |  | Nicholas Conyngham Tindal | Tory[10]
1827  |  | Sir William Rae, Bt | Tory[10]
1830  |  | George Robert Dawson | Tory[10]
1832  |  | Christopher Thomas Tower | Whig[10]
1834 |  | Conservative
1835 |  | Francis Robert Bonham | Conservative
1837 |  | Alexander Ellice | Whig[10][11][12][13]
1841 |  | John Attwood | Conservative[10] |  | William Beresford | Conservative[10]
1847 |  | Peelite[14][15] |  | John Bagshaw | Whig[16][17][18][19][20]
1848 by-election |  | Sir John Hobhouse, Bt | Radical[21][22][23][24][25]
March 1851 by-election |  | Henry Thoby Prinsep | Conservative
May 1851 by-election |  | Robert Wigram Crawford | Whig[26][27]
July 1851  |  | Writ suspended[28]
April 1852 by-election |  | Sir Fitzroy Kelly | Conservative
May 1852 by-election |  | Isaac Butt | Conservative
July 1852 |  | George Peacocke | Conservative |  | David Waddington | Conservative
1853 by-election |  | John Bagshaw | Whig[16][17][18][19][20]
March 1857 |  | George Drought Warburton | Independent Whig[29][30]
December 1857 by-election |  | Robert John Bagshaw | Whig
March 1859 by-election |  | Henry Jervis-White-Jervis | Conservative
May 1859 |  | Hon. William Campbell | Liberal
1860 by-election |  | Richard Rowley | Conservative
1865 |  | John Kelk | Conservative
1868 | Constituency reduced to one member

### 1868–2010

[edit]

Election | Member[9] | Party

|
|

1868 | Representation reduced to one member
| 1868 | Henry Jervis-White-Jervis | Conservative
| 1880 | Henry Tyler | Conservative
| 1885 | James Round | Conservative
| 1906 | Arthur Lever | Liberal
| 1910 | Harry Newton | Conservative
| 1922 | Albert Hillary | Liberal
| 1924 | Sir Frederick Rice | Conservative
| 1929 | Sir John Pybus | Liberal
| 1931 | Liberal National
| 1935 | Sir Stanley Holmes | Liberal National
| 1954 by-election | Julian Ridsdale | National Liberal
| 1968 | Conservative
| 1992 | Iain Sproat | Conservative
| 1997 | Ivan Henderson | Labour
| 2005 | Douglas Carswell | Conservative
| 2010 | Constituency abolished: see Clacton and Harwich and North Essex

## Elections

[edit]

### Elections in the 1830s

[edit]

Herries was appointed Secretary at War, requiring a by-election.[31]

By-election, 10 February 1830: Harwich[10][32] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Tory | John Charles Herries | Unopposed
Registered electors | 32  |
| Tory hold
1830 general election: Harwich[10][32] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Tory | John Charles Herries | Unopposed
| Tory | George Robert Dawson | Unopposed
Registered electors | 32  |
| Tory hold
| Tory hold
1831 general election: Harwich[10][32] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Tory | John Charles Herries | Unopposed
| Tory | George Robert Dawson | Unopposed
Registered electors | 32  |
| Tory hold
| Tory hold
1832 general election: Harwich[10][33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %

|
|
|

| Tory | John Charles Herries | 97  | 26.3
| Whig | Christopher Thomas Tower | 93  | 25.2
| Tory | Nicholas Leader | 90  | 24.4
| Whig | John Disney | 89  | 24.1
Turnout | 186  | 86.9
Registered electors | 214  |
Majority  | 4  | 1.1
| Tory hold
Majority  | 3  | 0.8
| Whig gain from Tory
1835 general election: Harwich[10][33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | John Charles Herries | 97  | 46.2  | +19.9
| Conservative | Francis Robert Bonham | 78  | 37.1  | +12.7
| Whig | Robert Norris Verner  | 35  | 16.7  | −32.6
Majority | 43  | 20.4  | N/A
Turnout | 123  | 78.8  | −8.1
Registered electors | 156  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | +18.1  |
| Conservative gain from Whig | Swing | +14.5  |
1837 general election: Harwich[10][33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | John Charles Herries | 75  | 25.9  | −20.3
| Whig | Alexander Ellice | 75  | 25.9  | +17.6
| Whig | Christopher Thomas Tower | 74  | 25.5  | +17.2
| Conservative | Francis Robert Bonham | 66  | 22.8  | −14.3
Turnout | 146  | 90.1  | +11.3
Registered electors | 162  |  |
Majority | 0  | 0.0  | −20.4
| Conservative hold | Swing | −18.9  |
Majority | 9  | 3.1  | N/A
| Whig gain from Conservative | Swing | +17.5  |

### Elections in the 1840s

[edit]

1841 general election: Harwich[10][33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | John Attwood | 94  | 27.2  | +1.3
| Conservative | William Beresford | 94  | 27.2  | +4.4
| Whig | John Bagshaw | 84  | 24.3  | −1.6
| Whig | Denis Le Marchant | 73  | 21.2  | −4.3
Majority | 10  | 2.9  | +2.9
Turnout | 174  | 93.5  | +3.4
Registered electors | 186  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | +2.1  |
| Conservative gain from Whig | Swing | +3.7  |
1847 general election: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | John Bagshaw | 213  | 45.9  | +0.4
| Peelite | John Attwood | 184  | 39.7  | +12.5
| Conservative | William Knight[34] | 65  | 14.0  | −13.2
| Conservative | Dudley St Leger Hill[35] | 2  | 0.4  | −26.8
Turnout | 232 (est)  | 78.6 (est)  | −14.9
Registered electors | 295  |  |
Majority | 148  | 31.9  | N/A
| Whig gain from Conservative | Swing | +10.2  |
Majority | 182  | 39.3  | N/A
| Peelite gain from Conservative | Swing | +16.3  |

Attwood's election was declared void on petition due to bribery by his agents, causing a by-election.[36]

By-election, 1 April 1848: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Radical | John Hobhouse | 131  | 50.8  | N/A
| Conservative | John Manners-Sutton[37] | 127  | 49.2  | +34.8
Majority | 4  | 1.6  | N/A
Turnout | 258  | 87.8  | +10.2
Registered electors | 294  |  |
| Radical gain from Peelite | Swing |  |

### Elections in the 1850s

[edit]

Hobhouse was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Broughton and causing a by-election.

By-election, 5 March 1851: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Henry Thoby Prinsep | 135  | 50.9  | +36.5
| Whig | Robert Wigram Crawford | 130  | 49.1  | +3.2
Majority | 5  | 1.8  | N/A
Turnout | 265  | 91.7  | +13.1
Registered electors | 289  |  |
| Conservative gain from Radical | Swing | +16.7  |

Prinsep's election was declared void on petition due to bribery, causing a by-election.[38]

By-election, 28 May 1851: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Robert Wigram Crawford | 133  | 51.2  | +5.3
| Conservative | Henry Thoby Prinsep | 127  | 48.8  | +34.4
Majority | 6  | 2.4  | N/A
Turnout | 260  | 90.0  | +11.4
Registered electors | 289  |  |
| Whig gain from Conservative | Swing | −14.6  |

Crawford's election was declared void, due to polling being closed prematurely, and the seat's writ was suspended in July 1851.[28] A by-election was called the next year.

By-election, 10 April 1852: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Fitzroy Kelly | Unopposed
| Conservative gain from Whig

Kelly resigned to contest a by-election in East Suffolk, causing a by-election.

By-election, 8 May 1852: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Isaac Butt | Unopposed
| Conservative hold
1852 general election: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | George Peacocke | 135  | 26.8  | +12.8
| Conservative | David Waddington | 134  | 26.6  | +26.2
| Whig | John Bagshaw | 125  | 24.8  | −21.1
| Independent Whig  | George Drought Warburton | 110  | 21.8  | New
Majority | 9  | 1.8  | N/A
Turnout | 252 (est)  | 92.6 (est)  | +14.0
Registered electors | 272  |  |
| Conservative gain from Peelite | Swing | +11.7  |
| Conservative gain from Whig | Swing | +18.4  |

Peacocke's election was declared void on petition, due to corrupt practices, causing a by-election.[39]

By-election, 21 June 1853: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | John Bagshaw | 140  | 54.9  | +30.1
| Conservative | William Fraser | 115  | 45.1  | −8.3
Majority | 25  | 9.8  | N/A
Turnout | 255  | 85.3  | −7.3
Registered electors | 299  |  |
| Whig gain from Conservative | Swing | +19.2  |
1857 general election: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | John Bagshaw | 173  | 32.6  | +7.8
| Independent Whig  | George Drought Warburton | 147  | 27.7  | +5.9
| Conservative | Henry Jervis-White-Jervis | 113  | 21.3  | −5.5
| Conservative | Benjamin Buck Greene[40] | 98  | 18.5  | −8.1
Turnout | 266 (est)  | 84.8 (est)  | −7.8
Registered electors | 313  |  |
Majority | 60  | 11.3  | N/A
| Whig gain from Conservative | Swing | +7.3  |
Majority | 49  | 9.2  | N/A
| Ind. Whig gain from Conservative  | Swing  | +6.4  |

Warburton's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 9 December 1857: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Whig | Robert John Bagshaw | 162  | 70.1  | +37.5
| Independent Whig  | Andrew Arcedeckne[41][42] | 69  | 29.9  | +2.2
Majority | 93  | 40.2  | N/A
Turnout | 231  | 73.8  | −11.0
Registered electors | 313  |  |
| Whig gain from Ind. Whig  |  |  |

Bagshaw's resignation caused a by-election.

By-election, 18 March 1859: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Henry Jervis-White-Jervis | 145  | 52.0  | +12.2
| Whig | William Campbell | 134  | 48.0  | +15.4
Majority | 11  | 4.0  | N/A
Turnout | 279  | 83.5  | −1.3
Registered electors | 334  |  |
| Conservative gain from Whig | Swing | −1.6  |
1859 general election: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Henry Jervis-White-Jervis | 156  | 25.7  | +4.4
| Liberal | William Campbell | 155  | 25.5  | −7.1
| Conservative | Richard Rowley | 152  | 25.0  | +6.5
| Liberal | John Clark Marshman | 144  | 23.7  | −4.0
Turnout | 304 (est)  | 90.9 (est)  | +6.1
Registered electors | 334  |  |
Majority | 12  | 2.0  | N/A
| Conservative gain from Ind. Whig  | Swing  | N/A |
Majority | 3  | 0.5  | −4.4
| Liberal hold | Swing | −6.3  |

### Elections in the 1860s

[edit]

Campbell succeeded to the peerage, becoming Lord Stratheden and Campbell, and causing a by-election.

By-election, 24 April 1860: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Richard Rowley | 146  | 55.7  | +5.0
| Liberal | Stuart Donaldson[43] | 116  | 44.3  | −4.9
Majority | 30  | 11.4  | +9.2
Turnout | 262  | 82.6  | −8.3
Registered electors | 317  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | +5.0  |
General election 1865: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Henry Jervis-White-Jervis | 209  | 35.0  | +9.3
| Conservative | John Kelk | 194  | 32.5  | +7.5
| Liberal | Michael Wills[44] | 117  | 19.6  | −5.9
| Liberal | James Fitzjames Stephen[45] | 77  | 12.9  | −10.8
Majority | 77  | 12.9  | N/A
Turnout | 299 (est)  | 77.3 (est)  | −13.6
Registered electors | 386  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | +8.8  |
| Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +7.9  |

Seat reduced to one member

General election 1868: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Henry Jervis-White-Jervis | 328  | 69.9  | −2.4
| Liberal | David James Jenkins | 141  | 30.1  | −2.4
Majority | 187  | 39.8  | +26.9
Turnout | 469  | 75.4  | −1.9
Registered electors | 622  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | +2.4  |

### Elections in the 1870s

[edit]

General election 1874: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Henry Jervis-White-Jervis | Unopposed
Registered electors | 712  |  |
| Conservative hold

### Elections in the 1880s

[edit]

General election 1880: Harwich[33] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Henry Tyler | 368  | 54.3  | N/A
| Liberal | George Tomline[46] | 310  | 45.7  | New
Majority | 58  | 8.6  | N/A
Turnout | 678  | 89.3  | N/A
Registered electors | 759  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing |  |
General election 1885: Harwich[47][48][49] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | James Round | 4,584  | 54.5  | +0.2
| Liberal | James Jackson  | 3,824  | 45.5  | −0.2
Majority | 760  | 9.0  | +0.4
Turnout | 8,408  | 82.9  | −6.4
Registered electors | 10,141  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | +0.2  |
General election 1886: Harwich[47][48] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | James Round | 4,623  | 66.6  | +12.1
| Liberal | James Wicks  | 2,322  | 33.4  | −12.1
Majority | 2,301  | 33.2  | +24.2
Turnout | 6,945  | 68.5  | −14.4
Registered electors | 10,141  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | +12.1  |

### Elections in the 1890s

[edit]

Round General election 1892: Harwich[47][48][50] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | James Round | 4,113  | 51.9  | −14.7
| Liberal | Robert Varty  | 3,808  | 48.1  | +14.7
Majority | 305  | 3.8  | −29.4
Turnout | 7,921  | 72.5  | +4.0
Registered electors | 10,924  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | −14.7  |
General election 1895: Harwich[47][48][51] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | James Round | 4,566  | 63.0  | +11.1
| Liberal | Robert Varty  | 2,685  | 37.0  | −11.1
Majority | 1,881  | 26.0  | +22.2
Turnout | 7,251  | 64.2  | −8.3
Registered electors | 11,296  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | +11.1  |

### Elections in the 1900s

[edit]

General election 1900: Harwich[47][48][51] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | James Round | Unopposed
| Conservative hold
Lever General election 1906: Harwich[47][48] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Arthur Lever | 5,650  | 51.6  | New
| Conservative | Harry Newton | 5,308  | 48.4  | N/A
Majority | 342  | 3.2  | N/A
Turnout | 10,958  | 83.4  | N/A
Registered electors | 13,144  |  |
| Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing | N/A |

### Elections in the 1910s

[edit]

General election January 1910: Harwich[47][52] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Harry Newton | 6,757  | 54.6  | +3.0
| Liberal | Arthur Lever | 5,608  | 45.4  | −3.0
Majority | 1,149  | 9.2  | +6.0
Turnout | 12,365  | 86.6  | +3.2
| Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing | +3.0  |
General election December 1910: Harwich[47][52] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Harry Newton | 6,470  | 56.4  | +1.8
| Liberal | Frank Stapledon Hiley  | 5,008  | 43.6  | −1.8
Majority | 1,462  | 12.8  | +3.6
Turnout | 11,478  | 80.4  | −6.2
| Conservative hold | Swing | +1.8  |

General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

* Unionist: Harry Newton
* Liberal: Edward Aylmer Digby

Aylmer Digby General election 1918: Harwich[53] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

C | Unionist | Harry Newton | 8,261 | 53.9 | −2.5
| Liberal | Edward Aylmer Digby | 7,064  | 46.1  | +2.5
Majority | 1,197  | 7.8  | −5.0
Turnout | 15,325  | 55.9  | −26.5
Registered electors | 27,421  |  |
| Unionist hold | Swing | −2.5  |
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

### Elections in the 1920s

[edit]

General election 1922: Harwich[53] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Albert Hillary | 10,556  | 51.9  | +5.8
| Unionist | Geoffrey St John Strutt  | 9,792  | 48.1  | −5.8
Majority | 764  | 3.8  | N/A
Turnout | 20,348  | 71.6  | +15.7
Registered electors | 28,432  |  |
| Liberal gain from Unionist | Swing | +5.8  |
General election 1923: Harwich[53] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Albert Hillary | 12,059  | 54.3  | +2.4
| Unionist | Frederick Rice | 10,142  | 45.7  | −2.4
Majority | 1,917  | 8.6  | +4.8
Turnout | 22,201  | 76.2  | +4.6
Registered electors | 29,126  |  |
| Liberal hold | Swing | +2.4  |
General election 1924: Harwich[53] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Unionist | Frederick Rice | 12,219  | 51.5  | +5.8
| Liberal | Albert Hillary | 9,904  | 41.7  | −12.6
| Labour | Alfred Barton | 1,604  | 6.8  | New
Majority | 2,315  | 9.8  | N/A
Turnout | 23,727  | 79.0  | +2.8
Registered electors | 30,047  |  |
| Unionist gain from Liberal | Swing | +9.2  |
General election 1929: Harwich[53] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | John Pybus | 16,309  | 52.8  | +11.1
| Unionist | John Mayhew | 13,609  | 44.1  | −7.4
| Ind. Unionist | J Elliott  | 948  | 3.1  | New
Majority | 2,700  | 8.7  | N/A
Turnout | 30,866  | 76.3  | −2.7
Registered electors | 40,478  |  |
| Liberal gain from Unionist | Swing | +9.3  |

### Elections in the 1930s

[edit]

General election 1931: Harwich[53] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National Liberal | John Pybus | 26,818  | 86.4  | +33.6
| Labour | E L McKeag  | 4,229  | 13.6  | New
Majority | 22,589  | 72.8  | +64.1
Turnout | 31,047  | 72.6  | −3.7
| National Liberal hold | Swing |  |
General election 1935: Harwich[53] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National Liberal | Stanley Holmes | 21,716  | 70.3  | −16.1
| Labour | Ambrose Appelbe | 9,170  | 29.7  | +16.1
Majority | 12,546  | 40.6  | −32.2
Turnout | 30,886  | 63.9  | −8.7
| National Liberal hold | Swing | −16.1  |

### Elections in the 1940s

[edit]

General Election 1939–40: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;

* Liberal National: Stanley Holmes
* Labour: Ald. Joseph Hewitt[54]

General election 1945: Harwich[53] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National Liberal | Stanley Holmes | 16,452  | 55.7  | −14.6
| Labour | Joseph Hewitt  | 13,067  | 44.3  | +14.6
Majority | 3,385  | 11.4  | −29.2
Turnout | 29,519  | 68.8  | +4.9
| National Liberal hold | Swing | −14.6  |

### Elections in the 1950s

[edit]

General election 1950: Harwich[55] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National Liberal | Stanley Holmes | 22,814  | 50.6  | −5.1
| Labour | Morris Janis  | 16,756  | 37.1  | −7.2
| Liberal | Leonard Train  | 5,536  | 12.3  | New
Majority | 6,058  | 13.5  | +2.1
Turnout | 45,106  | 81.9  | +13.1
| National Liberal hold | Swing |  |
General election 1951: Harwich[56][55] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National Liberal | Stanley Holmes | 26,169  | 58.9  | +8.3
| Labour | Morris Janis  | 18,244  | 41.1  | +4.0
Majority | 7,925  | 17.8  | +4.3
Turnout | 44,413  | 78.8  | −3.1
| National Liberal hold | Swing |  |
1954 Harwich by-election[57][55] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National Liberal | Julian Ridsdale | 19,532  | 59.1  | +0.2
| Labour | Shirley Catlin | 13,535  | 40.9  | −0.2
Majority | 5,997  | 18.2  | +0.4
Turnout | 33,067  |  |
| National Liberal hold | Swing |  |
General election 1955: Harwich[58][55] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National Liberal | Julian Ridsdale | 23,889  | 56.4  | −2.5
| Labour | Shirley Catlin | 14,425  | 34.1  | −7.0
| Liberal | Wolf Isaac Akst  | 4,010  | 9.5  | New
Majority | 9,464  | 22.3  | +3.5
Turnout | 42,234  | 75.6  | −3.2
| National Liberal hold | Swing |  |
General election 1959: Harwich[59][55] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National Liberal | Julian Ridsdale | 23,653  | 53.2  | −3.2
| Labour | William Robinson | 11,588  | 26.0  | −7.1
| Liberal | Thomas E Dale  | 5,507  | 12.4  | +2.9
| Independent | Leonard F Rose  | 3,744  | 8.4  | New
Majority | 12,065  | 27.2  | +4.9
Turnout | 44,492  | 76.4  | +0.8
| National Liberal hold | Swing |  |

### Elections in the 1960s

[edit]

General election 1964: Harwich[60][55] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National Liberal | Julian Ridsdale | 25,102  | 50.4  | −2.8
| Labour | David Winnick | 14,877  | 29.9  | +3.9
| Liberal | Thomas E Dale  | 9,824  | 19.7  | +7.3
Majority | 10,225  | 20.5  | −6.7
Turnout | 49,803  | 75.1  | −1.3
| National Liberal hold | Swing |  |
General election 1966: Harwich[61][55] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| National Liberal | Julian Ridsdale | 24,975  | 47.6  | −2.8
| Labour | Stephen R Hatch  | 18,335  | 34.9  | +5.0
| Liberal | Thomas E Dale  | 9,219  | 17.6  | −2.1
Majority | 6,640  | 12.7  | −7.8
Turnout | 52,529  | 74.4  | −0.7
| National Liberal hold | Swing | −3.9  |

### Elections in the 1970s

[edit]

General election 1970: Harwich[62][55] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Julian Ridsdale | 32,754  | 53.5  | +5.9
| Labour | Andrew Phillips | 19,923  | 32.6  | −2.3
| Liberal | Thomas E Dale  | 8,519  | 13.9  | −3.7
Majority | 12,831  | 20.9  | +8.2
Turnout | 61,196  | 74.5  | +0.1
| Conservative hold | Swing | +4.0  |
General election February 1974: Harwich[63] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Julian Ridsdale | 32,452  | 45.6  | −7.9
| Liberal | D Cadman  | 19,989  | 28.1  | +14.2
| Labour | JB Fryer  | 18,697  | 26.3  | −6.3
Majority | 12,463  | 17.5  | −3.4
Turnout | 71,138  | 80.7  | +6.2
| Conservative hold | Swing | −11.1  |
General election October 1974: Harwich[64] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Julian Ridsdale | 29,963  | 46.7  | +1.1
| Labour | JB Fryer  | 19,135  | 29.8  | +3.5
| Liberal | Thomas Kellock | 15,048  | 23.5  | −4.6
Majority | 10,828  | 16.9  | −0.6
Turnout | 64,146  | 72.3  | −8.4
| Conservative hold | Swing | −1.2  |
General election 1979: Harwich[65] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Julian Ridsdale | 37,685  | 54.3  | +7.6
| Labour | CW Brooks  | 16,998  | 24.5  | −5.3
| Liberal | Robert Goodenough  | 14,094  | 20.3  | −3.2
| National Front | A Pearson  | 597  | 0.9  | New
Majority | 20,687  | 29.8  | +12.9
Turnout | 69,374  | 74.7  | +2.4
| Conservative hold | Swing | +6.5  |
1979 notional result[66]

Party  | Vote  | %
| Conservative | 27,950 | 54.6
| Labour | 12,379 | 24.2
| Liberal | 10,387 | 20.3
| Others | 440 | 0.9
Turnout | 51,156  |
Electorate |

### Elections in the 1980s

[edit]

General election 1983: Harwich[67] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Julian Ridsdale | 27,422  | 54.1  | −0.5
| Liberal | Robert Goodenough  | 14,920  | 29.5  | +9.2
| Labour | Ralph Knight  | 8,302  | 16.4  | −7.8
Majority | 12,502  | 24.7  | −5.8
Turnout | 50,644  | 70.2  | −4.5
Registered electors | 72,179  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | −4.8  |
General election 1987: Harwich[68] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Julian Ridsdale | 29,344  | 51.8  | −2.3
| Liberal | Liz Lynne | 17,262  | 30.4  | +1.0
| Labour | Ralph Knight  | 9,920  | 17.5  | +1.1
| Independent | Christopher Humphrey  | 161  | 0.3  | New
Majority | 12,082  | 21.4  | −3.4
Turnout | 56,687  | 73.5  | +3.3
Registered electors | 77,149  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | −1.7  |

### Elections in the 1990s

[edit]

General election 1992: Harwich[69][70] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Iain Sproat | 32,369  | 51.9  | +0.1
| Liberal Democrats | Pauline A. Bevan  | 15,210  | 24.4  | −6.1
| Labour | Ralph Knight  | 14,511  | 23.3  | +5.8
| Natural Law | Eileen P. McGrath  | 279  | 0.4  | New
Majority | 17,159  | 27.5  | +6.2
Turnout | 62,369  | 77.7  | +4.2
Registered electors | 80,260  |  |
| Conservative hold | Swing | +3.1  |
1992 notional result

Party  | Vote  | %
| Conservative | 29,372 | 51.7
| Labour | 14,047 | 24.7
| Liberal Democrats | 13,187 | 23.2
| Others | 256 | 0.5
Turnout | 56,862  | 76.1
Electorate | 74,676
General election 1997: Harwich[71] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Ivan Henderson | 20,740  | 38.8  | +14.1
| Conservative | Iain Sproat | 19,524  | 36.5  | −15.2
| Liberal Democrats | Ann M. Elvin  | 7,037  | 13.1  | −10.0
| Referendum | Jeffrey Titford | 4,923  | 9.2  | New
| Independent | Ralph Knight  | 1,290  | 2.4  | New
Majority | 1,216  | 2.3  | N/A
Turnout | 53,514  | 70.6  | −5.5
Registered electors | 75,775  |  |
| Labour gain from Conservative | Swing | −14.6  |

This was the Referendum Party's best result in the election.

### Elections in the 2000s

[edit]

General election 2001: Harwich[72] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Ivan Henderson | 21,951  | 45.6  |  6.9
| Conservative | Iain Sproat | 19,355  | 40.2  |  3.7
| Liberal Democrats | Peter Wilcock  | 4,099  | 8.5  |  4.6
| UKIP | Tony Finnegan-Butler  | 2,463  | 5.1  | New
| Independent | Clive Lawrance  | 247  | 0.5  | New
Majority | 2,596  | 5.4  |  3.1
Turnout | 48,115  | 62.1  |  8.6
Registered electors | 77,539  |  |
| Labour hold | Swing |  1.6  |
General election 2005: Harwich[73] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | Douglas Carswell | 21,235  | 42.1  |  1.9
| Labour | Ivan Henderson | 20,315  | 40.3  |  5.3
| Liberal Democrats | Keith Tully  | 5,913  | 11.7  |  3.2
| UKIP | Jeffrey Titford | 2,314  | 4.6  |  0.5
| Respect | John Tipple  | 477  | 0.9  | New
| Independent | Christopher Humphrey  | 154  | 0.3  | New
Majority | 920  | 1.8  | N/A
Turnout | 50,408  | 62.6  |  0.6
Registered electors | 80,474  |  |
| Conservative gain from Labour | Swing |  3.6  |

## See also

[edit]

* List of parliamentary constituencies in Essex

## References

[edit]

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2. ^ "Representation of the People Act 1867" (PDF). Schedule A.
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4. ^ Pages 358 to 389, Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (2nd edition – London: St Martin's Press, 1957)
5. ^ a b Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. ISBN 0900178094. OCLC 539011.
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12. ^ Hall, Catherine; Draper, Nicholas; McClelland, Keith; Donington, Katie; Lang, Rachel (2014). Legacies of British Slave-ownership: Colonial Slavery and the Formation of Victorian Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 290\. ISBN 978-1-107-04005-2. LCCN 2014012761. Retrieved 6 November 2018 - via Google Books.
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22. ^ Fisher, David R. (2009). "HOBHOUSE, John Cam (1786-1869)". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
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31. ^ Fisher, David R. "HERRIES, John Charles (1778–1855), of 11 Great George Street, Mdx". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
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73. ^ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

## External links

[edit]

* Harwich UK Parliament constituency (boundaries April 1997 – April 2010) at MapIt UK

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Constituencies in the East of England (61)

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