Hawkes Bay (New Zealand electorate)

Former electorate in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand

Hawke's Bay was a parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand from 1881 to 1996. In 1986 it was renamed Hawkes Bay (without an apostrophe).

## Population centres

[edit]

The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–1876 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Hawke's Bay, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.[1]

Prior to the 1881 electoral redistribution, the Napier electorate covered not just the town of Napier, but also its rural hinterland. The northern boundary was the 39th latitude, the arbitrary line established in 1853 that formed the boundary between the original Wellington and Auckland Provinces.[2][3] In 1881, this arbitrary boundary line was abolished, and the East Coast electorate came across this line to the south. Inland, the Hawke's Bay electorate went across the line to the north and took up most of the rural part of the former Napier electorate, but it also went into the area of the Rangitikei electorate, and the town of Hastings was gained from the Clive electorate, which was abolished and replaced with Waipawa. Other settlements that belonged to the Hawke's Bay electorate in its initial shape were Bay View, Fernhill, and Havelock North.[4]

## History

[edit]

The electorate was represented by twelve Members of Parliament:[5]

The 1996 general election was held early, on 12 October, to avoid the need for a by-election after the resignation of Michael Laws.

### Members of Parliament

[edit]

Key

Independent   Liberal   Labour

Conservative   Reform   National   NZ First

Election  | Winner

|

1881 election |  | Fred Sutton
1884 election |  | William Russell
1887 election
1890 election
1893 election
1896 election
1899 election
1902 election
1905 election |  | Alfred Dillon
1908 election
1911 election |  | Hugh Campbell
1914 election |  | Robert McNab
1917 by-election |  | John Findlay
1919 election |  | Hugh Campbell (2nd period)
1922 election |  | Gilbert McKay
1925 election |  | Hugh Campbell
(3rd period)
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election |  | Ted Cullen
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election |  | Cyril Harker
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election |  | Richard Harrison
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election |  | Bill Sutton
1987 election
1990 election |  | Michael Laws
1993 election |
(Electorate abolished in 1996; see Tukituki

## Election results

[edit]

### 1943 election

[edit]

A general election was initially scheduled for 1941, but this was postponed due to the war. The National Party had selected Robert Douglas Brown as their candidate for the 1941 election; Brown was to later serve as mayor of Hastings.[6]

1943 general election: Hawkes Bay[7] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Ted Cullen | 6,852  | 54.10  | −6.26
| National | Eric Pryor  | 5,216  | 41.18  |
| Democratic Labour | D H Butcher  | 273  | 2.15  |
| Independent | J H Winter  | 149  | 1.17  |
Informal votes  | 174  | 1.37  | +0.91
Majority | 1,636  | 12.91  | −8.27
Turnout | 12,664  | 93.91  | +0.46
Registered electors | 13,485  |  |

### 1938 election

[edit]

1938 general election: Hawkes Bay[8] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Ted Cullen | 7,572  | 60.36  | +5.94
| National | George Maddison | 4,911  | 39.15  |
Informal votes  | 58  | 0.46  | −0.14
Majority | 2,658  | 21.18  | +12.35
Turnout | 12,544  | 93.45  | +4.02
Registered electors | 13,422  |  |

### 1935 election

[edit]

1935 general election: Hawkes Bay[9] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Labour | Ted Cullen | 6,222  | 54.42  | +15.73
| Reform | Hugh Campbell | 5,212  | 45.58  | −15.73
Informal votes  | 69  | 0.60  | +0.07
Majority | 1,010  | 8.83  |
Turnout | 11,434  | 89.43  | +9.18
Registered electors | 12,784  |  |

### 1931 election

[edit]

1931 general election: Hawke's Bay[10] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Reform | Hugh Campbell | 6,124  | 61.31  |
| Labour | Ted Cullen[11] | 3,865  | 38.69  |
Informal votes  | 53  | 0.53  |
Majority | 2,259  | 22.61  |
Turnout | 10,042  | 80.25  |
Registered electors | 12,514  |  |

### 1928 election

[edit]

1928 general election: Hawke's Bay[12] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Reform | Hugh Campbell | 3,953  | 38.72  |
| Labour | Jack Lyon | 3,263  | 31.97  |
| United | Gilbert McKay | 2,992  | 29.31  |
Majority | 690  | 6.76  |
Informal votes  | 92  | 0.89  |
Turnout | 10,300  | 85.55  |
Registered electors | 12,040  |  |

### 1922 election

[edit]

1922 general election: Hawke's Bay[13][14][15] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Gilbert McKay | 3,982  | 46.28  |
| Independent Reform | Andrew Hamilton Russell | 3,665  | 42.60  |
| Labour | Charles Chapman | 957  | 11.12  |
Informal votes  | 105  | 1.21  |
Majority | 317  | 3.68  |
Turnout | 8,709  | 85.58  |
Registered electors | 10,177  |  |

### 1919 election

[edit]

1919 general election: Hawke's Bay[16] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Reform | Hugh Campbell | 3,234  | 41.99  |
| Liberal | Gilbert McKay | 2,292  | 29.76  |
| Labour | Charles Chapman | 2176  | 28.25  |
Majority | 942  | 12.23  |
Informal votes  | 86  | 1.10  |
Turnout | 7,788  | 72.96  |
Registered electors | 10,675  |  |

### 1917 by-election

[edit]

1917 Hawkes Bay by-election[17] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Liberal | Sir John Findlay | 2,635  | 54.24  |
| Liberal–Labour | H. Ian Simson  | 2,164  | 44.54  |
| Liberal | Alfred Fraser | 9  | 0.18  |
Informal votes  | 50  | 1.02  |
Majority | 471  | 9.69  |
Turnout | 4,858  | 48.82  |
Registered electors | 9,950  |  |

### 1893 election

[edit]

1893 general election: Hawke's Bay[18][19][20] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Russell | 1,874  | 40.76  | −25.54
| Liberal | Charles William Reardon  | 1,804  | 39.23  | +5.53
| Liberal | Thomas Tanner | 920  | 20.01  |
Majority | 70  | 1.52  | −31.08
Turnout | 4,598  | 93.19  | +34.73
Registered electors | 4,934  |  |

### 1890 election

[edit]

1890 general election: Hawke's Bay[21] Party  | Candidate  | Votes  | %  | ±%

|
|
|
|

| Conservative | William Russell | 1,340  | 66.30  |
| Liberal | Charles William Reardon  | 681  | 33.70  |
Majority | 659  | 32.60  |
Turnout | 2,021  | 58.46  |
Registered electors | 3,457  |  |

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 43–48.
2. ^ McLintock, A. H., ed. (22 April 2009) [First published in 1966]. "Auckland Province and Provincial Districts". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
3. ^ McRobie 1989, p. 42.
4. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 42, 46.
5. ^ Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. ?. OCLC 154283103.
6. ^ "General election: the Hawke's Bay seat". The Evening Post. Vol. CXXXII, no. 48\. 25 August 1941. p. 9. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
7. ^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
8. ^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
9. ^ The General Election, 1935. National Library. 1936. pp. 1–35. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
10. ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
11. ^ "A Coalition Certainty". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 120\. 17 November 1931. p. 10. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
12. ^ Skinner, W. A. G. (1929). The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. p. 3. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
13. ^ Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. p. 3. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
14. ^ "Hawke's Bay Seat". Auckland Star. Vol. LIII, no. 260\. 2 November 1922. p. 7. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
15. ^ "Hawke's Bay Seat". Hawera & Normanby Star. Vol. XLII. 1 November 1922. p. 7. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
16. ^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. p. 2. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
17. ^ "The Final Figures". Sun. Vol. IV, no. 960\. 9 March 1917. p. 11. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
18. ^ The General Election, 1893. Government Printer. 1894. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
19. ^ "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
20. ^ "Hawke's Bay Electorate". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. XXVIII, no. 9544\. 2 December 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
21. ^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

## References

[edit]

* McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
* Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

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