Hazael horse frontlet

Bronze armor piece discovered at the Heraion of Samos

Hazael horse frontlet

Hazael horse frontlet in the Archaeological Museum of Vathi on Samos

Height| 27.3 cm
Created| c. 800 BC
Discovered| 1984
North Aegean, Greece
Present location| North Aegean, Greece
Part of a series on

Canaanite and Aramaic
inscriptions

Corpora

* Scripturae Linguaeque Phoeniciae
* CIS (Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum)
* KAI (Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften)
* TADAE (Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt)

Discoveries (17th & 18th c.)

* Punic-Libyan bilinguals
* Cippi of Melqart
* Carpentras Stela
* Pococke Kition inscriptions
* Benhisa inscription
* Phoenician Harpocrates statues
* Nora Stone
* Athenian Greek-Phoenician inscriptions

Discoveries (19th c.)

* Tripolitania Punic inscriptions
* Elephantine papyri and ostraca
* Mdina steles
* Carthaginian tombstones
* Humbert Carthage inscriptions
* Turin Aramaic Papyrus
* Blacas papyrus
* Falbe Punic inscriptions
* Reade Punic inscriptions
* Limyra bilingual
* Abu Simbel Phoenician graffiti
* Ain Nechma inscriptions
* Kellia inscription
* Marseille Tariff
* Nimrud ivory inscriptions
* Assyrian lion weights
* Phoenician metal bowls
* Anat Athena bilingual
* Bourgade inscriptions
* Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II
* Gozo stele
* Serapeum Offering Table
* Cirta steles
* Carthage Tariff
* Son of Baalshillek marble base
* Carthage tower model
* Bodashtart inscriptions
* Kition Resheph pillars
* Ankh-Hapy stele
* Pauli Gerrei trilingual inscription
* Baalshamin inscription
* Phoenician sun dial
* Umm al-Amad votive inscription
* Cesnola Phoenician inscriptions
* Khaznadar inscriptions
* Hadrumetum Punic inscriptions
* Mesha Stele
* Abydos graffiti
* Idalion bilingual
* Idalion Temple inscriptions
* Yehawmilk Stele
* Tharros Punic inscriptions
* Royal Steward inscription
* Carthaginian slaughterhouse inscription
* Carthaginian mother goddess inscription
* Carthage Festival Offering inscription
* Wilmanns Neopunic inscriptions
* Pricot de Sainte-Marie steles
* Cherchell Neopunic inscriptions
* Bashamem inscription
* Baal Lebanon inscription
* Saqqara Aramaic Stele
* Tayma stones
* Kition Tariffs
* Adadnadinakhe bricks
* Siloam inscription
* Sant'Antioco bilingual
* Palmyra Tariff
* Osorkon Bust
* Pierides Kition inscriptions
* Eshmun obelisk
* Persephone Punic stele
* Lilybaeum stele
* Henchir Guergour Neopunic inscriptions
* Guelaât Bou Sbaâ Neopunic inscriptions
* Tyre Cistern inscription
* Tamassos bilinguals
* Masub inscription
* Tabnit sarcophagus
* Panamuwa II inscription
* Madaba Nabataean Inscriptions
* Hadad Statue
* Abdmiskar cippus
* Maktar and Mididi inscriptions
* Bar-Rakib inscriptions
* Neirab steles
* Sarıaydın inscription
* Larnakas tis Lapithou pedestal inscription
* Kilamuwa Stela
* Hasanbeyli inscription
* Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions
* Douïmès medallion
* El Amrouni mausoleum
* Abiba’l inscription
* Tortosa “bomos” inscription
* El-Osiris inscription
* Avignon Punic inscription
* Punic Tabella Defixionis
* Quintus Markius trilingual inscription

Discoveries (20th c.)

* Farasa bilingual inscription
* Phoenician Adoration steles
* Banobal stele
* Eshmun inscription
* Sibbolet funeral inscription
* Stele of Zakkur
* Villaricos Phoenician stele
* Assur ostracon and tablets
* Throne of Astarte
* Gözne Boundary Stone
* Thinissut sanctuary inscription
* Gezer calendar
* Samaria Ostraca
* Olbia pedestal
* Giardino Birocchi inscription
* Sardis bilingual inscription
* Rhodes Phoenician-Greek bilingual inscriptions
* Kesecek Köyü inscription
* Aramaic Inscription of Taxila
* Arwad bilingual
* Mitsri genealogy inscription
* KNMY inscription
* Ahiram Sarcophagus
* Byblos Necropolis graffito
* Byblos altar inscription
* Ophel ostracon
* Phoenician arrowheads
* Ur Box inscription
* Byblos bronze spatulas
* Abda sherd
* Son of Safatba'al inscription
* Batnoam sarcophagus
* Yehimilk inscription
* Sefire steles
* Arslan Tash ivory inscription
* Hama graffiti
* Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
* Arslan Tash amulets
* Tell Halaf inscription
* Agrigentum inscription
* Lachish letters
* Safatba'al inscription
* Hermopolis Aramaic papyri
* Phoenician papyrus letters
* Melqart stele
* Honeyman inscription
* Stele of Serapeitis
* Jebel Massoudj Neopunic inscription
* Adon Papyrus
* Kilamuwa scepter
* Tel Qasile ostraca
* Karatepe bilingual
* Tel el Maskhuta silver bowls
* Pumayyaton and Pnytarion's inscriptions
* Byblos clay cone inscriptions
* Carchemish Phoenician inscription
* Hatran Aramaic inscriptions
* Djinet Neopunic inscriptions
* Wadi Murabba'at papyrus
* Hazor inscriptions
* Al Jib jar handles
* Byblos marble inscription
* Kubaba Aramaic inscription
* El-Kerak Inscription
* Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
* Yavne-Yam ostracon
* Arad ostraca
* Nebi Yunis ostraca
* Tel Dan bowl
* Seville statue of Astarte
* Khirbet Beit Lei graffiti
* Amman Citadel Inscription
* Ein Gev jar
* Phoenician Sphinx inscription
* Baalshillem Temple Boy
* Abydos Aramaic papyrus
* Pyrgi Tablets
* Carthage Administration Inscription
* Daskyleion steles
* Mozia Punic inscriptions
* Deir Alla Inscription
* Grotta Regina Punic inscriptions
* Tekke Bowl Inscription (Knossos)
* Aramaic Sustenance tablet
* Aramaic inscription of Laghman
* Tel Siran inscription
* Letoon trilingual
* Aramaic inscription from al-Mal
* Hadad-yith'i bilingual inscription
* Ketef Hinnom scrolls
* Sarepta Tanit Inscription
* Çebel Ires Dağı inscription
* Monumental Hebrew inscription from Jerusalem
* Hazael horse frontlet
* Bukan inscription
* İvriz inscription
* Bactria Aramaic documents
* Tel Dan Stele
* Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription
* Çineköy inscription
* Tablet De Geest

Discoveries (21st c.)

* Zayit Stone
* Kuttamuwa stele
* Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon
* Ataruz altar inscriptions
* Ishbaal Inscription

* v
* t
* e

The Hazael horse frontlet is a bronze horse frontlet discovered at the Heraion of Samos, inscribed in Phoenician characters for Hazael (proposed by scholars to be the same as Hazael of Aram Damascus). It is considered to have been made in North Syria, perhaps at Arslan Tash.[1][2]

It is on display at the Archaeological Museum of Vathi at Samos [el] (B2579).[3] The inscription is known as KAI 311\.

## Discovery and description

[edit]

The horse frontlet in North Room 3 at the Archaeological Museum of Samos

It was found in 1984 at the Heraion of Samos. It is 27.3 centimetres (10.7 in) long.[2]

On its left side, starting from the top, it has a single line of inscription, which can be read horizontally (from the right to the left) when the artefact is rotated by approximately 120 degrees clockwise. The text is 16 centimetres (6.3 in) long and consists of 36 characters that are between 3 and 9 millimetres (0.12 and 0.35 in) high. It is divided by a part of the figurative relief into two sequences, with 25 and 11 letters each, respectively. However, otherwise, it contains no spaces or other word demarcations.[2]

The text translates as, "[This is] what Hadad has given from Unqi to our lord Hazael in the year when our lord had crossed the river."[4]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ EPH’AL, ISRAEL, and JOSEPH NAVEH. “Hazael’s Booty Inscriptions.” Israel Exploration Journal 39, no. 3/4 (1989): 192–200. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27926152.
2. ^ a b c Röllig, W., 1988. ‘Die aramäische Inschrift für Haza’el und ihr Duplikat’. In H. Kyrieleis & W. Röllig (eds), Ein altorientalischer Pferdeschmuck aus dem Heraion von Samos, 62-75. (Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung 103.) Athens: Deutsch-archäologisches Institut
3. ^ Archaeological Museum of Vathi at Samos
4. ^ What’s in a Divine Name? Religious Systems and Human Agency in the Ancient Mediterranean. (2024:176). Germany: De Gruyter.

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