Health in the Central African Republic

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Mothers with their babies and children queued at a health clinic in Begoua, a district of Bangui, waiting for oral polio vaccine Picture from 2008. Despite progress over the past few years, medical care remains both costly and inaccessible for many families across the Central African Republic. Vaccination rates for preventable diseases stand at less than 52%, and one child in eight does not live past five years of age.[1]

Health in the Central African Republic has been degraded by years of internal conflict and economic turmoil since independence from France in 1960. One sixth of the country's population is in need of acute medical care. Endemic diseases put a high demand on the health infrastructure, which requires outside assistance to sustain itself.[2][3]

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative[4] has found that the Central African Republic is fulfilling 65.7% of its national obligations regarding the right to health based on its income levels.[5] When looking at the right to health with respect to children, the Central African Republic achieves 92.1% of what is expected based on its current income.[6] In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 75.2% of what is similarly expected. [7] The Central African Republic falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health; the nation is fulfilling only 29.8% of what is expected based on the resources (income) it has available.[8]

## Health infrastructure

[edit]

Two bush ambulances in Kaga-Bandoro that have been stripped and looted by local militias.

The largest hospitals in the country are located in Bangui district. As a member of the World Health Organization, the Central African Republic receives vaccination assistance.[9] In 2007, female life expectancy at birth was 48.2 years, and male life expectancy 45.1 years.[10]

The following notable hospitals are located in the Central African Republic. Cities and prefectures are listed with the name of the hospital.[11][2]

* Association Centrafricaine pour le Bien-Etre Familial (ACABEF) Antenne Quaka Hospital, Bambari, Ouaka (private hospital)[2]
* Amity Hospital, Bangui[2]
* Bamingui-Bangoran Prefercture Hospital, N'Délé, Bamingui-Bangoran[2]
* Bambari Regional Hospital, Bambari, Ouaka[12]
* Community Hospital, Bangui[2]
* Haute-Kotto Prefecture Hospital, Bria, Haute-Kotto[13][2]
* Hospital at Batangafo, Batangafo, Ouham[2]
* Hospital at Bimbo, Bimbo, Ombella-M'Poko[2]
* Hospital at Dohiya, Dohiya, Nana-Mambéré[2]
* Hospital at Kela Moelle, Kela Moelle, Ouham-Pendé[2]
* Hospital at Kounpala, Kounpala, Ouham-Pendé[2]
* Hospital at Kounpo, Kounpo, Ouham-Pendé[2]
* Hospital at Yelewa, Yelewa, Nana-Mambéré[2]
* Kingston-Diaspora Medical Centre, Bangui
* Nana-Grébizi Prefecture Hospital, Kaga Bandoro, Nana-Grébizi (see also Republic of Dar El Kuti[2]
* Mambéré-Kadéï Prefecture Hospital, Berbérati, Mambéré-Kadéï[2]
* Migaro Hospital, Bangui
* Nana-Mambéré Prefecture Hospital, Nana-Mambéré[2]
* PS Boudok, Pokongo, Ouham[2]
* PS Boyali Yaho, Boyali Yaho, Ouham-Pendé[2]
* PS Oda-Kete, Oda-Kota, Ouham[2]
* PS Patcho, Boumbala, Nana-Grébizi[2]
* PS Tolle, Gouni, Ouham-Pendé[2]
* PS Gbade, Boyongo, Ouham
* PS Pendé, Kalandao, Ouham-Pendé
* Sanguere Lim Hospital, Sanguere Lim, Ouham-Pendé[2]
* University Hospital Bambari, Bambari, Ouaka[2][14]

## Health status

[edit]

### Life expectancy

[edit]

In 2014 the CIA estimated the average life expectancy in the Central African Republic to be 51.81 years.[3]

A study found that nearly 6 percent of CAR’s population died within 2022, four times higher than the United Nations estimate.[15]

### Endemic diseases

[edit]

Malaria is one of the leading causes of death in the Central African Republic.[16] In 2024, UNICEF delivered over 43,200 doses of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine by air funded by Gavi, with further shipment of 163,800 doses to follow.[17] The Central African Republic is the first country to receive the R21 malaria vaccine for use in routine childhood immunization.[17] In addition, Gavi committed US$3 million to support the Ministry of Health’s request in using data for strengthening routine immunisation, by investing in the District Health Information System (DHIS2) platform.[18][19]

According to 2009 estimates, the HIV/AIDS prevalence is about 4.7% of the adult population (ages 15–49).[20] This is in general agreement with the 2016 United Nations estimate of approximately 4%.[21]

Government expenditure on health was US$20 (PPP) per person in 2006,[10] and 10.9% of total government expenditure in 2006.[10] There was only around 1 physician for every 20,000 persons in 2009.[22]

### Maternal and child healthcare

[edit]

Women's health is poor in the Central African Republic. As of 2010[update], the country had the 4th highest maternal mortality rate in the world.[23] The total fertility rate in 2014 was estimated at 4.46 children born/woman.[23] Approximately 25% of women had undergone female genital mutilation.[24] Many births in the country are guided by traditional birth attendants, who often have little or no formal training.[25]

In 2010, the maternal mortality rate stood at 850 per 100,000 births. This is compared with 1570.4 in 2008 and 1757.1 in 1990. Approximately 172 children per 1,000 died before the age of 5, and the neonatal mortality rate as a percentage of children under 5 was 26%. In the Central African Republic, the number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3, and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women 1 in 27.[26]

### HIV/AIDS

[edit]

There were 13,000 deaths from HIV/AIDS in 2007 in the CAR.[27] and 11,000 in 2009.[28] About 160,000 people had HIV/AIDS in 2007, with the number dropping to 140,000 in 2009, for a prevalence rate of about 3.2%.[29] By 2016, the rate had dropped to about 2.8%, although the prevalence in gay males was over 25%.[30]

### Coronavirus

[edit]

Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in Central African Republic

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah; Dadonaite, Bernadeta (10 May 2013). "Child and Infant Mortality". Our World in Data. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Elahi, Ebby, ed. (2021). Insights in Global Health, A Compendium of Healthcare Facilities and Nonprofit Organizations. Baca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 9780367693466.
3. ^ a b "The World Factbook, Central African Republic". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 2018-12-29. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
4. ^ "Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries". humanrightsmeasurement.org. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
5. ^ "Central African Republic - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
6. ^ "Central African Republic - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
7. ^ "Central African Republic - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
8. ^ "Central African Republic - HRMI Rights Tracker". rightstracker.org. Retrieved 2022-03-15.
9. ^ "WHO – Health in Central African Republic". Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
10. ^ a b c "Human Development Report 2009 – Central African Republic". Hdrstats.undp.org. Archived from the original on 5 September 2010. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
11. ^ Entries in Google Maps database
12. ^ "Barriers accessing healthcare in Ouaka, Central African Republic". Doctors without Borders. December 24, 2020. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
13. ^ "Bria Hospital". Doctors 4 Africa. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
14. ^ "Central African Republic: Fighting spreads like infection". BBC. July 25, 2014. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
15. ^ Magazine, Undark (2024-01-24). "How the World's Deadliest Crises Go Unseen". Undark Magazine. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
16. ^ "Malaria – one of the leading causes of death in the Central African Republic". Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
17. ^ a b "Shipment of R21 malaria vaccine to Central African Republic marks latest milestone for child survival | University of Oxford". www.ox.ac.uk. 2024-06-06. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
18. ^ "Gavi increases support to reach all children with immunisation in the Central African Republic". www.gavi.org. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
19. ^ "Gavi CEO Sania Nishtar reflects on her recent visit to Central African Republic and Nigeria". www.gavi.org. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
20. ^ CIA World Factbook: HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate Archived 21 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Cia.gov. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
21. ^ "Central African Republic". Unaids.org. 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
22. ^ "WHO Country Offices in the WHO African Region – WHO | Regional Office for Africa". Afro.who.int. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
23. ^ a b "Country Comparison :: Maternal mortality rate". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
24. ^ "WHO – Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices". Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
25. ^ "Mother and child health in Central African Republic". Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
26. ^ "The State Of The World's Midwifery". United Nations Population Fund. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
27. ^ "Central African Republic (CAR)". Archived from the original on 2012-02-29.
28. ^ "Global HIV Resources". hivinsite.ucsf.edu.
29. ^ "Statistics". UNICEF. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
30. ^ "Central African Republic". United Nations Aids. Retrieved January 7, 2021.

## External links

[edit]

* The State of the World's Midwifery

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Central African Republic articles

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List of hospitals in Africa

Sovereign states|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eritrea
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Gabon
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
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* Liberia
* Libya
* Madagascar
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
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* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Niger
* Nigeria
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* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* Somalia
* South Africa
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

States with limited
recognition

* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
* Somaliland

Dependencies and
other territories

* Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
* Madeira (Portugal)
* Mayotte / Réunion (France)
* Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)

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