Helicopter carrier

Type of aircraft carrier

"Helicopter destroyer" redirects here. For more detail on destroyer-sized hybrid warships, see Aircraft cruiser.

HMAS Canberra. Most modern helicopter carriers are amphibious assault ships.

A helicopter carrier is a type of aircraft carrier whose primary purpose is to operate helicopters. It has a large flight deck that occupies a substantial part of the deck, which can extend the full length of the ship like HMS Ocean[1] of the Royal Navy (RN), or extend only partway, usually aft, as in the Soviet Navy's Moskva class[2] or in the Chinese Navy's Type 0891A. It often also has a hangar deck for the storage and maintenance of rotorwing aircraft.

Pure helicopter carriers are difficult to define in the 21st century. The advent of STOVL aircraft such as the Harrier jump jet, and now the F-35, have complicated the classification; the United States Navy's Wasp class, for instance, carries six to eight Harriers as well as over 20 helicopters.[3] Only smaller carriers unable to operate the Harrier, and older, pre-Harrier-era carriers, can be regarded as true helicopter carriers. In many cases, other carriers, able to operate STOVL aircraft, are classified as "light aircraft carriers". Other vessels, such as the Wasp class, are also capable of embarking troops such as marines and landing them ashore; they are classified as landing helicopter docks.[3]

Helicopter carriers have been used as anti-submarine warfare carriers and amphibious assault ships.[4]

HMS Hermes and two of her sisters were 22,000 ton fleet carriers converted to "commando carriers" only able to operate helicopters. Hermes was later converted to a STOVL carrier.

## Helicopter carriers by country

[edit]

Country  | Navy  | In service  | In reserve  | Fitting out  | Under construction

|
|
|
|
|

Algeria |  Algerian National Navy | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
Australia |  Royal Australian Navy | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0
Brazil |  Brazilian Navy | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
China |  People's Liberation Army Navy | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 (8 planned total)
Egypt |  Egyptian Navy | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0
France |  French Navy | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0
India |  Indian Navy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (4 planned total)
Italy |  Italian Navy | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1
Japan |  Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0
Portugal |  Portuguese Navy | 0  | 0  | 0  | 1
Qatar |  Qatari Emiri Navy | 0  | 0  | 1  | 0
Russia |  Russian Navy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (3 planned total)
South Korea |  Republic of Korea Navy | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0
Spain |  Spanish Navy | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
Thailand |  Royal Thai Navy | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
Turkey |  Turkish Naval Forces | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
United States |  United States Navy | 9 | 3 | 0 | 2 (11 planned total)

## Helicopter carriers

[edit]

### Helicopter carriers currently in service

[edit]

Country  | Name  | Length  | Tonnage (MT)  | Class  | Propulsion  | Type  | Classification  | Commission

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Algeria | Kalaat Béni Abbès | 143 143 m (469 ft)  | 008800 8800 t  | Improved San Giusto
(modified San Giorgio class)  | Conventional | STOVL | Amphibious transport dock[a] | 4 September 2014
Australia | Canberra | 230.82 230.82 m (757 ft 3 in)  | 027500 27,500 t (27,100 long tons)  | Canberra
(modified Juan Carlos I)  | Conventional  | STOVL | Landing helicopter dock  | 28 November 2014
Australia | Adelaide | 230.82 230.82 m (757 ft 3 in)  | 027500 27,500 t (27,100 long tons)  | Canberra
(modified Juan Carlos I)  | Conventional  | STOVL | Landing helicopter dock  | 4 December 2015
Brazil | Atlântico | 203.4 203.4 m (667 ft 4 in)  | 021500 21,500 t (21,200 long tons)  | Ocean | Conventional  | VTOL | Multipurpose helicopter carrier  | 29 June 2018[5]
China | Hainan | 232 m (761 ft 2 in)  | 36,000 t (35,000 long tons)  | Type 075 (NATO reporting name Yushen class)  | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 23 April 2021[6]
China | Guangxi | 232 m (761 ft 2 in)  | 36,000 t (35,000 long tons)  | Type 075 (NATO reporting name Yushen class)  | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 26 December 2021[7][8][9]
China | Anhui | 232 m (761 ft 2 in)  | 36,000 t (35,000 long tons)  | Type 075 (NATO reporting name Yushen class)  | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 1 October 2022[10][11]
China | Hubei | 232 m (761 ft 2 in)  | 36,000 t (35,000 long tons)  | Type 075 (NATO reporting name Yushen class)  | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 1 August 2025
China | Shichang | 125 125 m (410 ft 1 in)  | 09500 9,500 t (9,300 long tons)  | Type 0891A | Conventional  | VTOL | Training ship  | January 1997
Egypt | Gamal Abdel Nasser | 199 199 m (652 ft 11 in)  | 021300 21,300 t (21,000 long tons)  | Mistral | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 2 June 2016[12]
Egypt | Anwar El Sadat | 199 199 m (652 ft 11 in)  | 021300 21,300 t (21,000 long tons)  | Mistral | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 16 September 2016
France | Mistral | 199 199 m (652 ft 11 in)  | 021300 21,300 t (21,000 long tons)  | Mistral | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | December 2005
France | Tonnerre | 199 199 m (652 ft 11 in)  | 021300 21,300 t (21,000 long tons)  | Mistral | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | December 2006
France | Dixmude | 199 199 m (652 ft 11 in)  | 021300 21,300 t (21,000 long tons)  | Mistral | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | December 2011
Japan | Kaga | 248 248 m (813 ft 8 in)  | 027000 27,000 t (27,000 long tons)  | Izumo | Conventional  | VTOL | Helicopter destroyer  | 22 March 2017
Japan | Izumo | 248 248 m (813 ft 8 in)  | 027000 27,000 t (27,000 long tons)  | Izumo | Conventional  | VTOL | Helicopter destroyer  | 25 March 2015
Japan | Hyūga | 197 197 m (646 ft 4 in)[13] | 013950 19,000 t (19,000 long tons)  | Hyūga | Conventional  | VTOL | Helicopter destroyer  | 18 March 2009
Japan | Ise | 197 197 m (646 ft 4 in)[13] | 013950 19,000 t (19,000 long tons)  | Hyūga | Conventional  | VTOL | Helicopter destroyer  | 16 March 2011
South Korea | Dokdo | 199 199 m (652 ft 11 in)  | 018800 18,800 t (18,500 long tons)  | Dokdo | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing platform helicopter | 3 July 2007
South Korea | Marado | 199 199 m (652 ft 11 in)  | 018800 18,800 t (18,500 long tons)  | Dokdo | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing platform helicopter  | 28 June 2021
Spain | Juan Carlos I | 230.82 230.82 m (757 ft 3 in)  | 027079 27,079 t (26,651 long tons)  | Juan Carlos I | Conventional  | STOVL | Landing helicopter dock  | 30 September 2010
Thailand | Chakri Naruebet | 182.65 182.65 m (599 ft 3 in)  | 11486 11,486 t (11,305 long tons)  | Príncipe de Asturias | Conventional  | STOVL | Helicopter carrier ("Light aircraft carrier")  | 27 March 1997
Turkey | Anadolu | 232 m (761 ft 2 in)  | 27,079 t (26,651 long tons)  | Anadolu | Conventional  | STOVL | Landing helicopter dock | 10 April 2023
US | America | 257.3 257.3 m (844 ft 2 in)  |  045000  45,000 t (44,000 long tons)  | America[14] | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter assault | 11 October 2014[15]
US | Tripoli | 257.3 257.3 m (844 ft 2 in)  |  045000  45,000 t (44,000 long tons)  | America | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter assault  | 15 July 2020
US | Wasp | 257 257 m (843 ft 2 in)  | 040532 40,532 t (39,892 long tons)  | Wasp[14] | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 29 July 1989
US | Essex | 257 257 m (843 ft 2 in)  | 040650 40,650 t (40,010 long tons)  | Wasp | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 17 October 1992
US | Kearsarge | 257 257 m (843 ft 2 in)  | 040500 40,500 t (39,900 long tons)  | Wasp | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 16 October 1993
US | Boxer | 257 257 m (843 ft 2 in)  | 040722 40,722 t (40,079 long tons)  | Wasp | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 11 February 1995
US | Bataan | 257 257 m (843 ft 2 in)  | 040358 40,358 t (39,721 long tons)  | Wasp | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 20 September 1997
US | Iwo Jima | 257 257 m (843 ft 2 in)  | 040530 40,530 t (39,890 long tons)  | Wasp | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 30 June 2001
US | Makin Island | 258 258 m (846 ft 5 in)  | 041649 41,649 t (40,991 long tons)  | Wasp | Conventional  | VTOL | Landing helicopter dock  | 24 October 2009

### Retired helicopter carriers

[edit]

* Albion (Royal Navy) – converted from light carrier and operating in helicopter carrier role from 1962 to 1973
* Andrea Doria (Italian Navy) – an Andrea Doria-class helicopter cruiser active from 1964 to 1992
* Bonhomme Richard (United States Navy) – Wasp-class landing helicopter dock, active 1998–2020
* Bulwark (Royal Navy) – converted from light carrier and operating in helicopter carrier role from 1960 to 1981
* Caio Duilio (Italian Navy) - an Andrea Doria-class helicopter cruiser active from 1964 to 1989
* Cobb (US Coast Guard), decommissioned in 1946 – world's first helicopter carrier.
* Illustrious (Royal Navy) – an Invincible-class light aircraft carrier, which operated as a helicopter carrier when HMS Ocean was being refitted.[16]
* Iwo Jima (United States Navy) – lead of the seven-ship Iwo Jima class, active from the early 1960s to the early 2000s
* Jeanne d'Arc (French Navy), decommissioned in 2010
* Leningrad (Soviet Navy) – second of the two-ship Moskva class \- active 1969–1991
* Moskva (Soviet Navy) – lead of the two-ship Moskva class, active 1967–1991
* ex-Ocean (Royal Navy) – helicopter carrier 1998–2018, decommissioned March 2018.
* Sold to Brazil in February 2018, renamed Atlântico
* Vittorio Veneto (Italian Navy) – a helicopter cruiser active from 1969 to 2003

## See also

[edit]

* Amphibious transport dock
* Amphibious warfare ship
* Aviation-capable naval vessel
* List of STOVL carriers

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Qualifies as a helicopter carrier due to its flight deck and its hangar’s ability to store and service helicopters

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "HMS Ocean (LPH01) Helicopter Carrier". Naval Technology. 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2014-04-20.
2. ^ "Overview | Moskva Class | Collections | Research | National Cold War Exhibition". www.nationalcoldwarexhibition.org. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
3. ^ a b "LHD Wasp Class Amphibious Assault Ships". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
4. ^ "Depth from Above: Reinventing Carrier ASW | Center for International Maritime Security". 2022-10-12. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
5. ^ "Brazil commissions helicopter carrier". www.janes.com. 29 June 2018.
6. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (2021-04-24). "China Commissions a Type 055 DDG, a Type 075 LHD and a Type 094 SSBN in a Single Day". Naval News. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
7. ^ "12月26日正式服役！ 4萬噸"廣西艦"入列東部戰區，16個月創造奇蹟，預示關鍵時間點，針對台海詭譎，一錘定音！【一號哨所】". YouTube. 26 December 2021.
8. ^ "New pictures released of Chinese Type 075 LHD Guangxi". Navy Recognition. 26 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
9. ^ "China's Third Type 075 LHD Starts Sea Trials". 28 November 2021.
10. ^ Vavasseur, Xavier (2022-10-01). "China's 3rd Type 075 LHD Anhui 安徽 Commissioned With PLAN". Naval News. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
11. ^ "Chinese navy's new warship takes part in 'combat-oriented training'". South China Morning Post. 2022-11-11. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
12. ^ "DCNS delivers the second Mistral-class helicopter carrier to the Egyptian Navy, the LHD Anwar El Sadat". 16 September 2016.
13. ^ a b "Hyuga Class". JMSDF Gallery (in Japanese). JMSDF. Archived from the original on 10 March 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
14. ^ a b World Wide Aircraft Carriers
15. ^ "America 'Sails Away' for Maiden Transit to San Diego Homeport". United States Navy. 10 October 2014.
16. ^ "BBC News – Warship HMS Illustrious starts sea trials". Bbc.co.uk. 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2014-04-20.

## External links

[edit]

Media related to Helicopter carriers at Wikimedia Commons

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