Help (command)

Command in various command line shells

The end of the `HELP` command output from RT-11SJ displayed on a VT100. The BusyBox `HELP` command

In computing, `help` is a command in various command line shells such as `COMMAND.COM`, `cmd.exe`, Bash, qshell, 4DOS/4NT, Windows PowerShell, Singularity shell, Python, MATLAB[1] and GNU Octave.[2] It provides online information about available commands and the shell environment.[3]

## Implementations

[edit]

Information about the `help` command for DCL on RSX-11 The ReactOS `help` command

The command is available in operating systems such as Multics,[4] Heath Company HDOS,[5] CP/M Plus, DOS, IBM OS/2,[6] eComStation, ArcaOS, IBM i,[7] Microsoft Windows, ReactOS,[8] THEOS/OASIS,[9] Zilog Z80-RIO,[10] Microware OS-9,[11] Stratus OpenVOS,[12] HP MPE/iX,[13] Motorola VERSAdos,[14] KolibriOS[15] and also in the DEC RT-11,[16] RSX-11,[17] TOPS-10[18] and TOPS-20[19] operating systems. Furthermore it is available in the open source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox and in the EFI shell.[20]

On Unix, the command is part of the Source Code Control System and prints help information for the SCCS commands.

### Multics

[edit]

The Multics `help` command prints descriptions of system commands/active functions and subroutines. It also prints various information about the system status, system changes, and other general information. This information is selected from segments maintained online, which are in a special format, called information segments. More than 800 information segments are available.[21]

### DEC OS/8

[edit]

The DEC OS/8 CCL `help` command prints information on specified OS/8 programs.[22]

### DOS

[edit]

#### MS-DOS

[edit]

The `help` command is available in MS-DOS 5.x and later versions of the software.[23] The `help` command with a 'command' parameter would give help on a specific command. If no arguments are provided, the command lists the contents of `DOSHELP.HLP`.

In MS-DOS 6.x this command exists as `FASTHELP`.

The MS-DOS 6.xx `help` command uses QBasic to view a quickhelp `HELP.HLP` file, which contains more extensive information on the commands, with some hyperlinking etc. The MS-DOS 6.22 help system is included on Windows 9x CD-ROM versions as well.

#### PC DOS

[edit]

In PC DOS 5 and 6 `help` is the same form as MS-DOS 5 `help` command.

PC DOS 7.xx `help` uses `view.exe` to open OS/2 style INF files (`cmdref.inf`, `dosrexx.inf` and `doserror.inf`), opening these to the appropriate pages.

#### PC-MOS

[edit]

The Software Link's PC-MOS includes an implementation of `help`.[24] Like the rest of the operating system, it is licensed under the GPL v3.[25]

#### DR-DOS

[edit]

In DR-DOS, `help` is a batch file that launches DR-DOS' internal help program, `dosbook`.

#### ROM-DOS

[edit]

Datalight ROM-DOS includes an implementation of the `help` command.[26] ROM-DOS was introduced in 1989 as an MS-DOS compatible operating system designed for embedded systems.

#### FreeDOS

[edit]

The FreeDOS version was developed by Joe Cosentino.[27]

### 4DOS/4NT

[edit]

The 4DOS/4NT `help` command uses a text user interface to display the online help.

### cmd.exe

[edit]

Pocket CMD v 3.0 (cmd.exe) on Windows CE 3.0 showing the `help` command output

Used without parameters, `help` lists and briefly describes every system command. Windows NT-based versions use MS-DOS 5 style help. Versions before Windows Vista also have a Windows help file (`NTCMDS.HLP` or `NTCMDS.INF`) in a similar style to MS-DOS 6.

### PowerShell

[edit]

In PowerShell, `help` is a short form (implemented as a PowerShell function) for access to the `Get-Help` Cmdlet.

Windows PowerShell includes an extensive, console-based help system, reminiscent of man pages in Unix. The help topics include help for cmdlets, providers, and concepts in PowerShell.

### GNU Bash

[edit]

In Bash, the builtin command `help`'[28] lists all Bash builtin commands if used without arguments. Otherwise, it prints a brief summary of a command. Its syntax is:

help [-dms] [pattern]

### OpenVMS

[edit]

HELP is a DCL utility that contains information on the use of commands and descriptions of some OpenVMS concepts such as time formats and lexical functions, as well as lists of commands for a particular purpose (HELP Hints).

## Syntax

[edit]

The command-syntax is:

help [command]

Arguments:

* `command` This command-line argument specifies the name of the command about which information is to be displayed.

## Examples

[edit]

### DOSBox

[edit]

Z:\>help
If you want a list of all supported commands type help /all .
A short list of the most often used commands:
<DIR     > Directory View.
<CD      > Display/changes the current directory.
<CLS     > Clear screen.
<COPY    > Copy files.
...

### Python

[edit]

Main article: Docstring

>>> help
Type help() for interactive help, or help(object) for help about object.
>>> help()

Welcome to Python 2.5!  This is the online help utility.

If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out
the tutorial on the Internet at https://www.python.org/doc/tut/.

Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing
Python programs and using Python modules.  To quit this help utility and
return to the interpreter, just type "quit".
...

### GNU Octave

[edit]

octave-3.0.0.exe:1> help

Help is available for the topics listed below.
Additional help for built-in functions and operators is
available in the on-line version of the manual.  Use the command
`doc <topic>' to search the manual index.
...

## See also

[edit]

* Online help
* List of DOS commands

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Help for functions in Command Window - MATLAB help". www.mathworks.com.
2. ^ "Function Reference: help". octave.sourceforge.io.
3. ^ "Microsoft TechNet Help article". 11 September 2009.
4. ^ "Multics Glossary -H-". www.multicians.org.
5. ^ Heath Company. "Software Reference Manual HDOS SYSTEM Chapter 2 General Operations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-07. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
6. ^ "JaTomes Help - OS/2 Commands". Archived from the original on 2019-04-14. Retrieved 2019-07-27.
7. ^ IBM. "IBM System i Version 7.2 Programming Qshell" (PDF). IBM. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
8. ^ "reactos/reactos". GitHub. 3 January 2022.
9. ^ THEOS/OASIS User′s Handbook
10. ^ Z80-RIO OPERATING SYSTEM USER'S MANUAL
11. ^ Paul S. Dayan (1992). The OS-9 Guru - 1 : The Facts. Galactic Industrial Limited. ISBN 0-9519228-0-7.
12. ^ "Reference manual" (PDF). stratadoc.stratus.com. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
13. ^ MPE/iX Command Reference Manual
14. ^ M68000 Family VERSAdos System Facilities Reference Manual
15. ^ "Shell - KolibriOS wiki". wiki.kolibrios.org.
16. ^ "RT-11 HELP FILE". paleoferrosaurus.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-17. Retrieved 2018-07-16.
17. ^ John F. Pieper (1987). RSX A Guide for Users (PDF). Digital Equipment Corporation. ISBN 0-932376-90-8. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
18. ^ TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual (PDF). Digital Equipment Corporation. August 1980. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-08-09. Retrieved 2019-02-17.
19. ^ "TOPS-20 Command manual" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-08-09. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
20. ^ "EFI Shells and Scripting". Intel. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
21. ^ Honeywell Bull, Inc. (Feb 1985). Multics Commands and Active Functions (AG92-06) (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 6, 2022. Retrieved Jan 10, 2021.
22. ^ "Concise Command Language" (CCL)."OS/8 Handbook" (PDF). April 1974. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
23. ^ Wolverton, Van (2003). Running MS-DOS Version 6.22 (20th Anniversary Edition), 6th Revised edition. Microsoft Press. ISBN 0-7356-1812-7.
24. ^ "roelandjansen/pcmos386v501". GitHub. 2 January 2022.
25. ^ Jansen, Roeland (8 February 2018). "pcmos386v501: PC-MOS/386 v5.01 final release including cdrom driver sources" - via GitHub.
26. ^ "Datalight ROM-DOS User's Guide" (PDF). www.datalight.com.
27. ^ "ibiblio.org FreeDOS Package -- Help (FreeDOS Base)". www.ibiblio.org.
28. ^ "Bash Reference Manual". www.gnu.org. Retrieved 2016-05-09.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Wolverton, Van (1990). MS-DOS Commands: Microsoft Quick Reference, 4th Revised edition. Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-1556152894.
* Kathy Ivens; Brian Proffit (1993). OS/2 Inside & Out. Osborne McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0078818714.
* Frisch, Æleen (2001). Windows 2000 Commands Pocket Reference. O'Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-00148-3.

## External links

[edit]

Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Guide to Windows Commands

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