Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, Paramyxoviridae

Structure of the sialic acid binding site in Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase.[1]

Identifiers
Symbol| HN
Pfam| PF00423
Pfam clan| CL0434
InterPro| IPR000665
SCOP2| 1usr / SCOPe / SUPFAM
CAZy| GH83
CDD| cd15469
| Available protein structures:

Pfam | structures / ECOD
PDB| RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum| structure summary
PDB| 1e8t​, 1e8u​, 1e8v​, 1usr​, 1usx​, 1v2i​, 1v3b​, 1v3c​, 1v3d​, 1v3e​

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase refers to a single viral protein that has both hemagglutinin and (endo) neuraminidase EC 3.2.1.18 activity. This is in contrast to the proteins found in influenza, where both functions exist but in two separate proteins. Its neuraminidase domain has the CAZy designation glycoside hydrolase family 83 (GH83).[2]

It does show a structural similarity to influenza viral neuraminidase and has a six-bladed beta-propeller structure.[3] This Pfam entry also matches measles hemagglutinin (cd15467), which has a "dead" neuraminidase part repurposed as a receptor binding site.[4]

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase allows the virus to stick to a potential host cell, and cut itself loose if necessary. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase can be found in a variety of paramyxoviruses including mumps virus, human parainfluenza virus 3, and the avian pathogen Newcastle disease virus.

Types include:

* Mumps hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
* Parainfluenza hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitors have been investigated and suggest that there may applications for human use in the future.[5]

## References[edit]

1. ^ Zaitsev V, von Itzstein M, Groves D, et al. (April 2004). "Second sialic acid binding site in Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase: implications for fusion". J. Virol. 78 (7): 3733–41. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.7.3733-3741.2004. PMC 371092. PMID 15016893.
2. ^ Yuan P, Thompson TB, Wurzburg BA, Paterson RG, Lamb RA, Jardetzky TS (2005). "Structural studies of the parainfluenza virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase tetramer in complex with its receptor, sialyllactose". Structure. 13 (5): 803–15. doi:10.1016/j.str.2005.02.019. PMID 15893670.
3. ^ Lawrence MC, Borg NA, Streltsov VA, et al. (January 2004). "Structure of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase from human parainfluenza virus type III". J. Mol. Biol. 335 (5): 1343–57. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2003.11.032. PMID 14729348.
4. ^ Colf, LA; Juo, ZS; Garcia, KC (December 2007). "Structure of the measles virus hemagglutinin". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 14 (12): 1227–8. doi:10.1038/nsmb1342. PMID 18026116. S2CID 40292.
5. ^ Alymova IV, Taylor G, Takimoto T, et al. (May 2004). "Efficacy of novel hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitors BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 against human parainfluenza viruses in vitro and in vivo". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48 (5): 1495–502. doi:10.1128/AAC.48.5.1495-1502.2004. PMC 400544. PMID 15105096.

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* e

Viral proteins (early and late)

DNA|

| Herpes simplex
(linear ds-DNA)|

| VSPs:|

| capsid:|

* HHV capsid portal protein
* Herpesvirus glycoprotein B

|

VNPs:|

* vmw65
* ICP8
* ICP34.5
* ICP47

Hepatitis B
(circular partially ds-DNA)|

| antigenes / VSPs:|

* HBsAg
* HBcAg
* HBeAg

|

VNPs:|

* HBx
* Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase

Epstein–Barr
(circular ds-DNA)|

| VSPs:|

* LMP-1
* LMP-2

|

VNPs:|

* EBNA-1
* EBNA-2
* EBNA-3

ncRNA:|

* EBER

Polyomaviridae
(SV40, MPyV, MCPyV, HaPyV)
(non-enveloped circular ds-DNA)|

| VSPs:|

| capsid:|

* VP1
* VP2 and VP3

|

VNPs:|

| oncoprotein:|

* STag
* MTag
* LTag (SV40 Tag)

|

* Agnoprotein

Vaccinia (linear ds-DNA)|

| VNPs:|

* B13R

|

Baculoviridae (circular ds-DNA)|

| VNPs:|

* Early 35 kDa protein

|

RNA|

| ds-RNA|

| Rotavirus
(Duplornaviricota)|

| VNPs:|

* NSP1
* NSP2
* NSP3
* NSP4
* NSP5
* NSP6

|

Rhinov., Polio, Hep A,
etc. (Pisuviricota)|

| VNPs:|

* VPg

|

ss-RNA
negative-sense
(Negarnaviricota)|

| Influenza virus|

| VSPs:|

| capsid:|

* matrix protein
* M1 protein
* viral envelope
* M2 protein

|

glycoprotein:|

* Influenza hemagglutinin
* Neuraminidase
* HA-tag

VNPs:|

* NS1

Parainfluenza|

| VSPs:|

| glycoprotein:|

* Parainfluenza hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

|

Mumps|

| VSPs:|

| glycoprotein:|

* Mumps hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

|

Measles|

| VSPs:|

| glycoprotein:|

* Measles hemagglutinin

|

RSV|

| VSPs:|

| glycoprotein:|

* Respiratory syncytial virus G protein

|

Zaire ebolavirus|

| VSPs:|

| capsid:|

* matrix protein
* VP40
* VP24

|

Indiana vesiculovirus|

| VSPs:|

| capsid:|

* matrix protein
* Vesiculovirus matrix proteins

|

ss-RNA
positive-sense|

| Hepatitis C
(Kitrinoviricota)|

| VSPs:|

* viral envelope
* E1
* E2

|

VNPs:|

* P7
* NS2
* NS3
* NS4A
* NS4B
* NS5A
* NS5B

SARS‑CoV‑2
(Pisuviricota)|

| VSPs:|

* viral envelope
* Spike
* Envelope
* Membrane
* Nucleocapsid

|

VNPs:|

* ORF1ab
* 3C-like protease (NS5)
* ORF3a
* ORF3b
* ORF3c
* ORF3d
* ORF6
* ORF7a
* ORF7b
* ORF8
* ORF9b

RT|

| Structure and genome of HIV|

| VSPs:|

* gag
* p24
* pol
* Integrase
* Reverse transcriptase
* HIV-1 protease
* env
* gp120
* gp41

|

VRAPs:|

* transactivators
* Tat
* Rev
* Vpr
* Nef
* Vif
* Vpu or Vpx

Multiple

*     * Rous sarcoma virus
* murine leukemia virus

| Fusion protein|

| oncoprotein:|

* Gag-onc fusion protein

|

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Hydrolase: sugar hydrolases (EC 3.2)

3.2.1: Glycoside hydrolases|

| Disaccharidase|

* Sucrase/Sucrase-isomaltase/Invertase
* Maltase
* Trehalase
* Lactase

|

Glucosidases|

* Cellulase
* Alpha-glucosidase
* Acid
* Neutral AB
* Neutral C
* Beta-glucosidase
* cytosolic
* Debranching enzyme

Other|

* Amylase
* Alpha-amylase
* Chitinase
* Lysozyme
* Neuraminidase
* NEU1
* NEU2
* NEU3
* NEU4
* Bacterial neuraminidase
* Viral neuraminidase
* Galactosidases
* Alpha
* Beta
* alpha-Mannosidase
* Glucuronidase
* Klotho
* Hyaluronidase
* Pullulanase
* Glucosylceramidase
* lysosomal
* non-lysosomal
* Galactosylceramidase
* Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase
* NAGA
* Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase
* Fucosidase
* Hexosaminidase
* HEXA
* HEXB
* Iduronidase
* Maltase-glucoamylase
* Heparanase
* HPSE2

3.2.2: Hydrolysing
N-Glycosyl compounds|

* DNA glycosylases: Oxoguanine glycosylase

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* e

Enzymes

Activity|

* Active site
* Binding site
* Catalytic triad
* Oxyanion hole
* Enzyme promiscuity
* Diffusion-limited enzyme
* Coenzyme
* Cofactor
* Enzyme catalysis

Regulation|

* Allosteric regulation
* Cooperativity
* Enzyme inhibitor
* Enzyme activator

Classification|

* EC number
* Enzyme superfamily
* Enzyme family
* List of enzymes

Kinetics|

* Enzyme kinetics
* Eadie–Hofstee diagram
* Hanes–Woolf plot
* Lineweaver–Burk plot
* Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Types|

* EC1 Oxidoreductases (list)
* EC2 Transferases (list)
* EC3 Hydrolases (list)
* EC4 Lyases (list)
* EC5 Isomerases (list)
* EC6 Ligases (list)
* EC7 Translocases (list)

Portal:

* Biology

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