Henrietta Szold

American Zionist leader, political activist and editor

Henrietta Szold

Szold in 1940

Born| (1860-12-21)December 21, 1860

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Died| February 13, 1945(1945-02-13) (aged 84)

Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine

Known for| Founder of Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Organization of America
Henrietta Szold stamp

Henrietta Szold (/zoʊld/ ZOHLD, Hungarian: [ˈsold]; December 21, 1860 - February 13, 1945) was an American-born Jewish Zionist leader and founder of Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Organization of America. In 1942, she co-founded Ihud, a political party in Mandatory Palestine dedicated to a binational solution.

## Biography

[edit]

Henrietta Szold was born in Baltimore, Maryland, December 21, 1860. She was the daughter of Rabbi Benjamin Szold of Hungarian birth, who was the spiritual leader of Baltimore's Temple Oheb Shalom.[1] She was the eldest of eight daughters, and her younger sister Adele Szold-Seltzer was the translator of the first American edition of Maya the Bee.[2]

In 1877, Henrietta Szold graduated from Western High School. For fifteen years she taught at Miss Adam's School and Oheb Shalom religious school, and gave Bible and history courses for adults. Highly educated in Jewish studies, she edited Professor Marcus Jastrow's Talmudic Dictionary. To further her own education, she attended public lectures at Johns Hopkins University and the Peabody Institute.[3]

In 1902, Szold took classes in advanced Jewish studies at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. However, its rabbinic school was restricted to males. Szold begged the school's president, Solomon Schechter, to allow her to study; he did only with the provision that she not seek ordination. Szold did well at the seminary, earning the respect of other students and faculty alike.[4]

Szold never married and never had children of her own. While she was in her forties, she had an unrequited relationship with Talmudic scholar Rabbi Louis Ginzberg. He was fifteen years her junior, and he returned her feelings only platonically. After their relationship ended, she expressed her sadness: "Today it is four weeks since my only real happiness was killed." Years afterward, she said: "I would exchange everything for one child of my own."[5]

Szold was the oldest of eight daughters and had no brothers. In Orthodox Judaism, it was not the norm for women to recite the Mourners' Kaddish. In 1916, Szold's mother died, and a friend, Hayim Peretz, offered to say Kaddish for her. In a letter, she thanked Peretz for his concern but said she would do it herself.

> "I know well, and appreciate what you say about the Jewish custom; and Jewish custom is very dear and sacred to me. And yet I cannot ask you to say Kaddish after my mother. The Kaddish means to me that the survivor publicly and markedly manifests his wish and intention to assume the relation to the Jewish community, which his parent had, and that so the chain of tradition remains unbroken from generation to generation, each adding its own link. You can do that for the generations of your family, I must do that for the generations of my family."[6]

Szold's answer to Peretz is cited by "Women and the Mourners' Kaddish," a responsum written by Conservative Rabbi David Golinkin. This responsum, adopted unanimously by Conservative Judaism's Va'ad Halakhah (Law Committee) of the Rabbinical Assembly of Israel, permits women to recite the Mourners' Kaddish in public when a minyan is present.[7][8] Szold was religiously traditional, but advocated a larger role for women in Rabbinic Judaism.

## Pedagogic career and Zionist activism

[edit]

Szold established the first American night school to provide English language instruction and vocational skills for Russian Jewish immigrants in Baltimore.[9] Beginning in 1893, she worked as the first editor for the Jewish Publication Society, a position she retained for over 23 years.[10] "The sole woman at the JPS, Szold's duties included the translation of a dozen works, writing articles of her own, editing the books, and overseeing the publication schedule.

In 1896, one month before Theodor Herzl published Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State), Szold described her vision of a Jewish state in Palestine as a place to ingather Diaspora Jewry and revive Jewish culture. In 1898, the Federation of American Zionists elected Szold as the only female member of its executive committee. During World War I, she was the only woman on the Provisional Executive Committee for General Zionist Affairs.

In 1899, she took on the lion's share of producing the first American Jewish Year Book, of which she was sole editor from 1904 to 1908. She also collaborated in the compilation of the Jewish Encyclopedia.[11]

## Health, education and welfare

[edit]

Her commitment to Zionism was heightened by a trip to Palestine in 1909, at age 49. Here, she discovered her life's mission: the health, education and welfare of the Yishuv (pre-state Jewish community of Palestine). Szold joined six other women to found Hadassah, which recruited American Jewish women to upgrade health care in Palestine. Hadassah's first project was the inauguration of an American-style visiting nurse program in Jerusalem. Hadassah funded hospitals, a medical school, dental facilities, x-ray clinics, infant welfare stations, soup kitchens and other services for Palestine's Jewish and Arab inhabitants. Szold persuaded her colleagues that practical programs open to all were critical to Jewish survival in the Holy Land. She founded Hadassah in 1912 and served as its president until 1926.[9]

Henrietta Szold at her home in Jerusalem, c. 1922

In 1933, she immigrated to Palestine and helped run Youth Aliyah, an organization that rescued 30,000 Jewish children from Nazi Europe.[12] In October 1934, Szold laid the cornerstone of the new Rothschild-Hadassah-University Hospital on Mount Scopus.[11]

Henriette Szold visiting Galilee 1940

## Political activism

[edit]

In the 1920s and 1930s, she supported Brit Shalom, a small organization dedicated to Arab-Jewish unity and a binational solution. In 1942, she was one of the co-founders of the Ihud party, which opposed the partition of Palestine.

## Death and burial

[edit]

On February 13, 1945, at age 84, Henrietta Szold died in the same Hadassah Hospital she helped to build in Jerusalem. She was buried in the Jewish Cemetery on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.[12] From 1948 to 1967, the Mount of Olives was cut off from the rest of Jerusalem by the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine and the 1949 Armistice Agreements.

After Israel regained the region in the Six-Day War, Kalman Mann, then-director general of Hadassah Medical Center, went with a group of rabbis to the cemetery to assess the condition of Szold's grave. They found that it had been paved over by a road built by the Jordanians, who had also vandalized many grave markers.[13][14]

They were able to locate Szold's burial site using a cemetery chart and "counting the indentations in the ground". The grave was later rebuilt and remarked with a new stone marker in an official ceremony.[15]

## Awards and recognition

[edit]

Kibbutz Kfar Szold, in Upper Galilee is named after her. The Palmach, in recognition of her commitment to "Aliyat Hanoar" Youth Aliyah, named the illegal immigration (Ha'apalah) ship "Henrietta Szold" after her. The ship, carrying immigrants from the Kiffisia orphanage in Athens, sailed from Piraeus on July 30, 1946, with 536 immigrants on board, and arrived on August 12, 1946. The passengers resisted capture, but were transferred to transport for Cyprus.[16]

In 1949, Hadassah inaugurated the Henrietta Szold Prize, which was awarded that year to Eleanor Roosevelt.[17]

The Henrietta Szold Institute, National Institute for Research in the Behavioral Sciences, located in Jerusalem, is named after her. The institute is Israel's foremost planner of behavioral science intervention and training programs.[18]

Public School 134 on Manhattan's Lower East Side in New York City is also named after her.[19]

In Israel, Mother's Day is celebrated on the day that Szold died, on the 30th of Shevat.

In the northwest corner of Szold's home city of Baltimore, Szold Drive, a short street in a residential neighborhood with homes built in the 1950s, is named after her as well.[20] The northernmost part of the street is in Baltimore County.

In New York City, Szold Place, formerly Dry Dock Street[21] runs from East 10th Street to East 12th Street in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan.

In 2007, Szold was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York.[9]

## See also

[edit]

* Benjamin Szold
* Robert Szold
* Zip Szold

## References

[edit]

### Citations

[edit]

1. ^ History Archived 2011-10-06 at the Wayback Machine – Temple Oheb Shalom
2. ^ "Blogaktion #femaleheritage (Teil 3) » Waldemar-Bonsels-Stiftung". December 26, 2020.
3. ^ Henrietta Szold (1860-1945) Archived 2007-10-10 at the Wayback Machine Hagshama
4. ^ Shuly Rubin Schwartz (15 December 2010). "Shuly Rubin Schwartz: Standing on Henrietta Szold's Shoulders - Opinion – Forward.com". The Forward. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
5. ^ "Henrietta Szold". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
6. ^ Henrietta Szold: Her Life and Letters Archived 2014-08-14 at the Wayback Machine, edited by Marvin Lowenthal (New York: Viking, 1942), pp.92-93.
7. ^ "Women and the Mourners' Kaddish". תשובות לימינו. September 10, 2018.
8. ^ Responsa in a Moment: Halakhic Responses to Contemporary Issues, Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies
9. ^ a b c "Dateline World Jewry", April 2007, World Jewish Congress
10. ^ "Jewish Publication Society link". Archived from the original on 2015-08-14. Retrieved 2015-08-13.
11. ^ a b "Szold, Henrietta". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
12. ^ a b "Seymour "Sy" Brody's". Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
13. ^ Irving Moskowitz (December 20, 1996). "To Jews, All of Jerusalem Is Home". Retrieved May 28, 2024.
14. ^ Morton Landowne (June 6, 2017). "Paying My Respects to a Beloved Ancestor at Jerusalem's Mount of Olives Cemetery". Tablet. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
15. ^ Levin, Marlin (2002). It Takes a Dream: The story of Hadassah. Gefen Publishing House Ltd. p. 290\. ISBN 9652293008.
16. ^ "Ha'apalah Ship Henrietta Szold". Palmach Information Center. Archived from the original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
17. ^ "Hadassah presents first Henrietta Szold Award to Eleanor Roosevelt".
18. ^ "Henrietta Szold". Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
19. ^ "Welcome". 13 July 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
20. ^ See Szold Drive, Baltimore, Maryland on Google Maps. The years in which the houses on Szold Drive were constructed can be found in the real property records on the website of the Maryland Department of Assessments and Taxation, accessible here Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine.
21. ^ Forgotten New York – Lost Streets of Manhattan

### Bibliography

[edit]

* Lowenthal, M. Henrietta Szold: Life and Letters (1942).
* Shargel, B.R. Lost Love: The Untold Story of Henrietta Szold (1997).
* Reinharz, S. and M. Raider (eds.), American Jewish Women and the Zionist Enterprise (2005).
* Kessler, B. (ed.). Daughter of Zion: Henrietta Szold and American Jewish Woman (1995).
* Hacohen, D. To Repair a Broken World: The Life of Henrietta Szold, Founder of Hadassah (2021).

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henrietta Szold.

* Guide to the Hadassah Archives on Long-term Deposit at the American Jewish Historical Society
* Henrietta Szold Biography at Jewish Virtual Library
* Women of Valor exhibit on Henrietta Szold at the Jewish Women's Archive
* The Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem site. Office of Henrietta Szold (S48), Personal papers (A125)
* Papers, 1889-1960. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
* Notable Maryland Women
* Article on Henrietta Szold
* Kustanowitz, Shulamit (1990). Henrietta Szold : Israel's Helping Hand. Viking. LCCN 89070656.

* Works by Henrietta Szold at Project Gutenberg
* Works by or about Henrietta Szold at the Internet Archive
* Works by Henrietta Szold at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)

* v
* t
* e

Maryland Women's Hall of Fame

1980s

| 1985|

* Margaret Brent
* Rachel Carson
* Rita C. Davidson
* Gladys Spellman
* Harriet Tubman

|

1986|

* Lillie Mae Carroll Jackson
* Elizabeth Ann Seton
* Henrietta Szold
* Jeanette Rosner Wolman
* Hiltgunt Zassenhaus

1987|

* Clara Barton
* Frances Ellen Watkins Harper
* Juanita Jackson Mitchell
* Mary Shaw Shorb
* Helen B. Taussig

1988|

* Barbara Mikulski
* Sadie Kneller Miller
* Mary Eliza Risteau
* Martha Carey Thomas
* Verda Welcome

1989|

* Bertha Adkins
* Eugenie Clark
* Lavinia Engle
* Lena King Lee
* Estelle R. Ramey

1990s

| 1990|

* Lucille Maurer
* Enolia McMillan
* Pauli Murray
* Adele Hagner Stamp
* Mary Lemist Titcomb

|

1991|

* Rita R. Colwell
* Mary Elizabeth Lange
* Claire McCardell
* Bessie Moses
* Alta Schrock

1992|

* Annie Armstrong
* Anna Ella Carroll
* Rose Kushner
* Margaret Collins Schweinhaut
* Carmen Delgado Votaw

1993|

* Rosalyn Blake Bell
* Lucille Clifton
* Elizabeth King Ellicott
* Jean Spencer
* Martha Ellicott Tyson

1994|

* Rosalie Silber Abrams
* Mary Elizabeth Banning
* Harriet Elizabeth Brown
* Connie Morella
* Mary Adelaide Nutting

1995|

* Jill Moss Greenberg
* Mary L. Nock
* Amanda Taylor Norris
* Nettie Barcroft Taylor
* Euphemia Mary Goldsborough Willson

1996|

* Madeleine L. Ellicott
* Ethel Ennis
* Mary Digges Lee
* Brigid G. Leventhal
* Barbara A. Robinson

1997|

* Diane L. Adams
* Sol del Ande Mendez Eaton
* Catherine R. Gira
* Helen L. Koss
* Rosa Ponselle

1998|

* Constance Ross Beims
* Mary Katharine Goddard
* Elaine Ryan Hedges
* Mary Carter Smith

1999|

* Florence Riefle Bahr
* Lillian C. Compton
* Edith Houghton Hooker
* Elizabeth Fran Johnson
* Bernice Smith White

2000s

| 2000|

* Constance Uriolo Battle
* Lois Green Carr
* Sonia Pressman Fuentes
* Josephine Jacobsen
* Rosetta Stith

|

2001|

* Kathleen Feeley
* Misbah Khan
* Charmaine Krohe
* Eunice Kennedy Shriver
* Sandra W. Tomlinson

2002|

* Mabel Houze Hubbard
* Florence P. Kendall
* Mary Young Pickersgill
* Lorraine Sheehan

2003|

* Virginia Walcott Beauchamp
* Edith Clarke
* Kathryn J. DuFour
* Ruth L. Kirschstein
* Etta Haynie Maddox
* Debbie Yow

2004|

* Edmonson sisters
* Nancy Grasmick
* Esther McCready
* Margaret Byrd Rawson
* Vivian V. Simpson

2005|

* Shoshana Shoubin Cardin
* Bessie Olive Cole
* Susan R. Panny
* Edyth H. Schoenrich

2006|

* Susan Pardee Baker
* Liebe Sokol Diamond
* Bea Gaddy
* Marilyn Hughes Gaston
* Rebecca Alban Hoffberger
* Grace Snively

2007|

* Annette M.Deener
* Sally T. Grant
* Prasanna Nair
* Karen H. Rothenberg
* Audrey E. Scott

2008|

* Ramona McCarthy Hawkins
* Ellen Moses Heller
* Billie Holiday
* Pauline Menes
* Toby Orenstein
* Emily Wilson Walker

2009|

* Ilia Fehrer
* Diane Griffin
* Harriet Legum
* Allyson R. Solomon
* Anne St. Clair Wright

2010s

| 2010|

* Claire M. Fraser
* Anne Catherine Hoof Green
* Irene Morgan Kirkaldy
* Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps
* Bernice R. Sandler
* Lillie D. Shockney

|

2011|

* Carol W. Greider
* Barbara Holdridge
* Ligia Peralta
* Gertrude Poe
* Lucy Diggs Slowe
* June A. Willenz

2012|

* Maureen Black
* Margaret Dunkle
* Nancy Kopp
* Alice Manicur
* Diana Gribbon Motz
* Gwendolyn Rooks

2013|

* Helen Delich Bentley
* Jean B. Cryor
* Charlene Dukes
* Ellen Sauerbrey
* Linda A. Shevitz
* Beatrice P. Tignor

2014|

* Dorothy F. Bailey
* Agnes Kane Callum
* Renee E. Fox
* Susan K. Goering
* Henrietta Lacks
* Ann Cipriano Rees

2015|

* Beverly B. Byron
* E. Gail de Planque
* Mary S. Feik
* Katherine O'Brien
* Linda L. Singh
* Sue Fryer Ward

2016|

* Sophia Arabatzis Balis
* Oretha Bridgwaters-Simms
* Mary C. Goodwillie
* Elaine Danforth Harmon
* Joanne Katz
* Lizette Woodworth Reese

2017|

* Marsha Coleman-Adebayo
* Carolyn Colvin
* Donna Edwards
* Mary Garrett
* Katharine Blodgett Gebbie
* Katie Ledecky
* Helen Maroulis
* Lilian Welsh

2018|

* Sandra I. Barnes
* Sandra Williams Ortega
* Emily Saunders Plummer
* Rita L. Robinson
* Hattie N. Washington

2019|

* Marielsa A. Bernard
* Augusta T. Chissell
* Dominique Dawes
* Virginia Hall
* Rosa Gumataotao Rios
* Evelyn Williams Townsend
* Phyllis B. Trickett
* Pauline Woo Tsui

2020s

| 2020|

* Victorine Q. Adams
* Evelyn O. A. Darden
* Claire Parkinson
* Nancy Roman
* Leslie R. Wolfe

|

2021|

* Elizabeth Bobo
* Margaret Hawkins
* Ruby Reese Moone
* Nancy K. Welker
* Celeste Revillon Winans

2022|

* Dorothy Blum
* Mary L. Cleave
* Gloria Richardson
* Beatrice Rodgers
* Odessa M. Shannon

2023|

* Janeen L. Birckhead
* Charlotte M. Cooksey
* Ana Sol Gutierrez
* Gloria G. Lawlah
* Jackie Ronne

2024|

* Adrienne A. Jones
* Susan C. Lee
* Brooke Lierman
* Aruna Miller
* Nancy Pelosi

2025|

* Donna Abbott
* Maggie McIntosh
* Joseline Peña-Melnyk
* Kathleen Kennedy Townsend

* v
* t
* e

Inductees to the National Women's Hall of Fame

1970–1979

| 1973|

* Jane Addams
* Marian Anderson
* Susan B. Anthony
* Clara Barton
* Mary McLeod Bethune
* Elizabeth Blackwell
* Pearl S. Buck
* Rachel Carson
* Mary Cassatt
* Emily Dickinson
* Amelia Earhart
* Alice Hamilton
* Helen Hayes
* Helen Keller
* Eleanor Roosevelt
* Florence Sabin
* Margaret Chase Smith
* Elizabeth Cady Stanton
* Helen Brooke Taussig
* Harriet Tubman

|

1976|

* Abigail Adams
* Margaret Mead
* Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias

1979|

* Dorothea Dix
* Juliette Gordon Low
* Alice Paul
* Elizabeth Bayley Seton

1980–1989

| 1981|

* Margaret Sanger
* Sojourner Truth

|

1982|

* Carrie Chapman Catt
* Frances Perkins

1983|

* Belva Lockwood
* Lucretia Mott

1984|

* Mary "Mother" Harris Jones
* Bessie Smith

1986|

* Barbara McClintock
* Lucy Stone
* Harriet Beecher Stowe

1988|

* Gwendolyn Brooks
* Willa Cather
* Sally Ride
* Mary Risteau
* Ida B. Wells-Barnett

1990–1999

| 1990|

* Margaret Bourke-White
* Barbara Jordan
* Billie Jean King
* Florence B. Seibert

|

1991|

* Gertrude Belle Elion

1993|

* Ethel Percy Andrus
* Antoinette Blackwell
* Emily Blackwell
* Shirley Chisholm
* Jacqueline Cochran
* Ruth Colvin
* Marian Wright Edelman
* Alice Evans
* Betty Friedan
* Ella Grasso
* Martha Wright Griffiths
* Fannie Lou Hamer
* Dorothy Height
* Dolores Huerta
* Mary Putnam Jacobi
* Mae Jemison
* Mary Lyon
* Mary Mahoney
* Wilma Mankiller
* Constance Baker Motley
* Georgia O'Keeffe
* Annie Oakley
* Rosa Parks
* Esther Peterson
* Jeannette Rankin
* Ellen Swallow Richards
* Elaine Roulet
* Katherine Siva Saubel
* Gloria Steinem
* Helen Stephens
* Lillian Wald
* Madam C. J. Walker
* Faye Wattleton
* Rosalyn S. Yalow
* Gloria Yerkovich

1994|

* Bella Abzug
* Ella Baker
* Myra Bradwell
* Annie Jump Cannon
* Jane Cunningham Croly
* Catherine East
* Geraldine Ferraro
* Charlotte Perkins Gilman
* Grace Hopper
* Helen LaKelly Hunt
* Zora Neale Hurston
* Anne Hutchinson
* Frances Wisebart Jacobs
* Susette La Flesche
* Louise McManus
* Maria Mitchell
* Antonia Novello
* Linda Richards
* Wilma Rudolph
* Betty Bone Schiess
* Muriel Siebert
* Nettie Stevens
* Oprah Winfrey
* Sarah Winnemucca
* Fanny Wright

1995|

* Virginia Apgar
* Ann Bancroft
* Amelia Bloomer
* Mary Breckinridge
* Eileen Collins
* Elizabeth Hanford Dole
* Anne Dallas Dudley
* Mary Baker Eddy
* Ella Fitzgerald
* Margaret Fuller
* Matilda Joslyn Gage
* Lillian Moller Gilbreth
* Nannerl O. Keohane
* Maggie Kuhn
* Sandra Day O'Connor
* Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
* Pat Schroeder
* Hannah Greenebaum Solomon

1996|

* Louisa May Alcott
* Charlotte Anne Bunch
* Frances Xavier Cabrini
* Mary A. Hallaren
* Oveta Culp Hobby
* Wilhelmina Cole Holladay
* Anne Morrow Lindbergh
* Maria Goeppert Mayer
* Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose
* Maria Tallchief
* Edith Wharton

1998|

* Madeleine Albright
* Maya Angelou
* Nellie Bly
* Lydia Moss Bradley
* Mary Steichen Calderone
* Mary Ann Shadd Cary
* Joan Ganz Cooney
* Gerty Cori
* Sarah Grimké
* Julia Ward Howe
* Shirley Ann Jackson
* Shannon Lucid
* Katharine Dexter McCormick
* Rozanne L. Ridgway
* Edith Nourse Rogers
* Felice Schwartz
* Eunice Kennedy Shriver
* Beverly Sills
* Florence Wald
* Angelina Grimké Weld
* Chien-Shiung Wu

2000–2009

| 2000|

* Faye Glenn Abdellah
* Emma Smith DeVoe
* Marjory Stoneman Douglas
* Mary Dyer
* Sylvia A. Earle
* Crystal Eastman
* Jeanne Holm
* Leontine T. Kelly
* Frances Oldham Kelsey
* Kate Mullany
* Janet Reno
* Anna Howard Shaw
* Sophia Smith
* Ida Tarbell
* Wilma L. Vaught
* Mary Edwards Walker
* Annie Dodge Wauneka
* Eudora Welty
* Frances E. Willard

|

2001|

* Dorothy H. Andersen
* Lucille Ball
* Rosalynn Carter
* Lydia Maria Child
* Bessie Coleman
* Dorothy Day
* Marian de Forest
* Althea Gibson
* Beatrice A. Hicks
* Barbara Holdridge
* Harriet Williams Russell Strong
* Emily Howell Warner
* Victoria Woodhull

2002|

* Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis
* Ruth Bader Ginsburg
* Katharine Graham
* Bertha Holt
* Mary Engle Pennington
* Mercy Otis Warren

2003|

* Linda G. Alvarado
* Donna de Varona
* Gertrude Ederle
* Martha Matilda Harper
* Patricia Roberts Harris
* Stephanie L. Kwolek
* Dorothea Lange
* Mildred Robbins Leet
* Patsy Takemoto Mink
* Sacagawea
* Anne Sullivan
* Sheila E. Widnall

2005|

* Florence E. Allen
* Ruth Fulton Benedict
* Betty Bumpers
* Hillary Clinton
* Rita Rossi Colwell
* Mother Marianne Cope
* Maya Y. Lin
* Patricia A. Locke
* Blanche Stuart Scott
* Mary Burnett Talbert

2007|

* Eleanor K. Baum
* Julia Child
* Martha Coffin Pelham Wright
* Swanee Hunt
* Winona LaDuke
* Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
* Judith L. Pipher
* Catherine Filene Shouse
* Henrietta Szold

2009|

* Louise Bourgeois
* Mildred Cohn
* Karen DeCrow
* Susan Kelly-Dreiss
* Allie B. Latimer
* Emma Lazarus
* Ruth Patrick
* Rebecca Talbot Perkins
* Susan Solomon
* Kate Stoneman

2010–2019

| 2011|

* St. Katharine Drexel
* Dorothy Harrison Eustis
* Loretta C. Ford
* Abby Kelley Foster
* Helen Murray Free
* Billie Holiday
* Coretta Scott King
* Lilly Ledbetter
* Barbara A. Mikulski
* Donna E. Shalala
* Kathrine Switzer

|

2013|

* Betty Ford
* Ina May Gaskin
* Julie Krone
* Kate Millett
* Nancy Pelosi
* Mary Joseph Rogers
* Bernice Sandler
* Anna Schwartz
* Emma Willard

2015|

* Tenley Albright
* Nancy Brinker
* Martha Graham
* Marcia Greenberger
* Barbara Iglewski
* Jean Kilbourne
* Carlotta Walls LaNier
* Philippa Marrack
* Mary Harriman Rumsey
* Eleanor Smeal

2017|

* Matilda Cuomo
* Temple Grandin
* Lorraine Hansberry
* Victoria Jackson
* Sherry Lansing
* Clare Boothe Luce
* Aimee Mullins
* Carol Mutter
* Janet Rowley
* Alice Waters

2019|

* Gloria Allred
* Angela Davis
* Sarah Deer
* Jane Fonda
* Nicole Malachowski
* Rose O'Neill
* Louise Slaughter
* Sonia Sotomayor
* Laurie Spiegel
* Flossie Wong-Staal

2020–2029

| 2020|

* Aretha Franklin
* Barbara Hillary
* Barbara Rose Johns
* Henrietta Lacks
* Toni Morrison
* Mary Church Terrell

|

2022|

* Octavia E. Butler
* Judy Chicago
* Rebecca S. Halstead
* Mia Hamm
* Joy Harjo
* Emily Howland
* Katherine Johnson
* Indra Nooyi
* Michelle Obama

2024|

* Patricia Bath
* Ruby Bridges
* Elouise P. Cobell
* Kimberlé Crenshaw
* Peggy McIntosh
* Judith Plaskow
* Loretta Ross
* Sandy Stone
* Anna Wessels Williams
* Serena Williams

Authority control databases

International|

* ISNI
* VIAF
* FAST
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Australia
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Israel

Academics|

* CiNii

People|

* Trove
* DDB

Other|

* IdRef
* SNAC
* 2
* Yale LUX

*[c.]: circa
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template