Highways in Bulgaria

Motorway sign from Bulgaria

Highways in Bulgaria are dual carriageways, grade separated with controlled-access, designed for high speeds. In 2012, legislation amendments defined two types of highways: motorways (Bulgarian: Aвтомагистрала, Avtomagistrala) and expressways (Bulgarian: Скоростен път, Skorosten pat). The main differences are that motorways have an alternative route and the maximum allowed speed limit is 140 km/h (87 mph),[1] while expressways do not and the speed limit is 120 km/h (75 mph).[2] As of October 2024, a total of 884 kilometers of motorways are in service.

Bulgaria Infrastructure Situation March 2023

Generally, there are no toll roads in Bulgaria, and instead a vignette is required, except for municipal roads. Two bridges − New Europe Bridge and Danube Bridge are tolled, both at Danube border crossings to Romania. However, introduction of toll system to replace the vignettes is under way as being a more fair form of payment.[3] In April 2016 the road agency launched a tender for implementation of an electronic toll collection system for vehicles heavier than 3.5 tonnes[4] and the contract was signed in January 2018.[5] Since January 2019, the electronic vignette is in charge instead of the sticker. Later, a toll system for vehicles over 3,5 tons got introduced.

## Network map

[edit]

The current situation of motorways and expressways in Bulgaria

Completed

Under construction

Tendered

Environmental permit issued

Planned

All highways in Bulgaria, including planned and under construction

## History

[edit]

Motorways construction timeline between 1995 and 2015

The initial plan for construction of motorways dates back to 1973, when the government of Socialist Bulgaria approved a resolution to build a motorway ring, encompassing the country and consisting of three motorways – Trakia, Hemus and Cherno More.[6] By the democratic changes in 1990, a total of 273 km of motorways had been built in Bulgaria.[7] By 2007, the year of accession to the EU, this had increased to approximately 420 km with predominantly state funding.[7] The EU accession of the country in 2007, and the improved in the recent years utilization of the allocated EU funds enabled Bulgaria to speed up the expansion of its highway network. As of December 2018, 800 km (497 mi) of motorways are in service, with another 38 km (24 mi) being under various stages of construction.

The first fully completed motorway was Lyulin motorway, then designated A6, a short 19 km stretch connecting Sofia with Pernik and further merging with Struma motorway (A3) that continues to Greece at Kulata border crossing, opened in 2011. However, in 2018, the government decided to merge Lyulin motorway into Struma motorway as both are forming an interrupted route from Sofia to Greece.

After 40 years of construction, the first large motorway, spanning 360 km, Trakia (A1) was inaugurated on 15 July 2013, thus connecting the capital Sofia and Burgas, at the Black Sea coast.[8] Two years later, on 29 October 2015, the last remaining section of Maritsa motorway (A4), branching off from A1 nearby Chirpan and connecting with the border of Turkey at Kapitan Andreevo checkpoint, entered in service.[9] Sofia Northern Bypass motorway, an important thoroughfare north of Sofia, was inaugurated in 2015.

## List of highways

[edit]

### Motorways

[edit]

Motorway  | From  | Route  | To  | Planned  | In service  | %  | Under construction  | Tender  | Notes

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Trakia | Sofia, Sofia Ring Road; , ,  | Ihtiman, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv, Chirpan; , Stara Zagora, Sliven, Yambol | Burgas | 360 km  | 360 km  | 100%  | −  | −  | Completed on 15 July 2013[8]
Hemus | Sofia, Sofia Ring Road; , ,  | Botevgrad, Pleven, Lovech, Veliko Tarnovo, Targovishte, Shumen | Varna | 418 km  | 191 km  | 45.71%  | 66 km[10][11] | 70.1 km  | Estimated completion by 2027[12]
Struma | Sofia, Sofia Ring Road; , ,  | Pernik, Dupnitsa, Blagoevgrad, Sandanski | Kulata;  | 172 km  | 149 km  | 83,14%  | −  | −  | Estimated completion by 2030[13]
Maritsa | Chirpan,  | Haskovo/Dimitrovgrad | Kapitan Andreevo;  | 117 km  | 117 km  | 100%  | −  | −  | Completed on 29 October 2015 [14]
Cherno More | Varna | Nesebar | Burgas,  | 103 km  | 8 km  | 7.77%  | −  | −  | Estimated completion by 2032[15]
Europe[16] | Sofia; , Sofia Ring Road; ,  | Slivnitsa | Kalotina;  | 63 km  | 47 km  | 73.1%  | 16.5 km[17][18] | −  | Estimated completion by 2024[19]
Vidin-Montana[nb 1] | Vidin, New Europe Bridge;  | Dunavtsi, Dimovo, Ruzhintsi | Montana | 95 km  | 14 km[20][21] | 14,7%  | 81 km[22] | −  | Estimated completion by 2026[23]
Veliko Tarnovo–Ruse[24][nb 1] | Ruse, Danube Bridge;  towards Bucharest | Byala | Veliko Tarnovo | 133 km  | 0 km  | 0%  | 74.9 km  | 58.1 km[25] | Estimated completion by 2030[26]
Rila[nb 1] | Ihtiman,  | Samokov, Dupnitsa; , Kyustendil | Gyueshevo;  towards Skopje | 170 km  | 0 km  | 0%  | −  | −  | Estimated completion after 2030[27][28][29]
Total  |  |  |  | 1,661 km  | 884 km  | 53,22%  | 256.4 km  | 142.2 km  |

### Expressways

[edit]

Expressway  | From  | Route  | To  | Planned  | In service  | %  | Under construction  | Tender  | Estimated completion

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Montana-Botevgrad expressway | Montana | Vratsa, Lyutidol, Skravena | Botevgrad | 72 km  | 12 km  | 16,6%  | 37 km  | −  | 2030[23]
Shumen-Ruse | Shumen,  | Razgrad | Ruse, Danube Bridge;  | 110 km  | −  | −  | −  | −  | −
Montana-Sofia | Montana | Barzia, Kostinbrod | Sofia | 82 km  |  |  |  |  |
Total  |  |  |  | 231 km  | 12 km  | 5,53%  | 37 km  |  |

## Other highway projects

[edit]

In 2012, the Bulgarian government announced talks with Qatar to build a South–North motorway/expressway as a PPP from Svilengrad (by the border between Turkey and Greece ) to Ruse, at the Romanian border. The route is part of the Pan-European Corridor IX. In October 2012, a tender for a feasibility study was announced.[30]

## Future openings

[edit]

2025:

* Boaza–Lovech ( Pleven), section 1 between Boaza–Dermantsi (11 km)
* Sofia–Kalotina (Serbia), section 3 between Silvnitsa–Sofia (16 km)
* Botevgrad–Mezdra, section 1 between Botevgrad–Skravena (2 km)
* Botevgrad–Mezdra, section 3 between Novachene–Lyutidol (13 km)
* Botevgrad–Mezdra, section 4 between Lyutidol–Mezdra (10 km)

2026:

* Boaza–Lovech (Pleven), section 2 between Dermantsi–Kalenik (19 km)
* Boaza–Lovech (Pleven), section 3 between Kalenik–Lovech (17 km)
* Vidin–Montana, section 1 between Vidin and Makresh (30 km)
* Vidin–Montana, section 3 between Bela and Ruzintsi (12 km)

## Access to highway networks of neighbouring countries

[edit]

### Greece

[edit]

See also: Highways in Greece

Struma motorway connects near Kulata with the Greek A25 motorway (Serres – Lagkadas – A2 Egnatia Odos). The route is part of the Pan-European Corridor IV.

Also an intersection on the Maritsa motorway is built near Svilengrad, to connect with the EO51 road in Greece.

### Romania

[edit]

See also: Highways in Romania

Botevgrad–Vidin, Veliko Tarnovo–Ruse and Shumen–Ruse expressways, all branching off from Hemus motorway are planned to connect with Romania. The Botevgrad-Vidin expressway is likely the first to be built. The Romanian PM Victor Ponta made a statement after the inauguration of New Europe Bridge that Romania plans to build a motorway between Craiova and Calafat.[31]

Also, in long terms, Cherno More motorway is planned to connect with the future Romanian A4 motorway to Constanţa (interchange with A2 motorway, leading to Bucharest).

### Turkey

[edit]

See also: List of motorways in Turkey

Maritsa motorway (A4) connects near Kapitan Andreevo with the Turkish O-3 motorway, heading to Istanbul.

### Serbia

[edit]

See also: Roads in Serbia § Motorways

A 31.5 km section of the Europe motorway from Sofia to Kalotina was tendered in 2012 and is expected to connect with the Serbian A4 motorway to Niš. The route is part of Pan-European Corridor X.

### North Macedonia

[edit]

See also: Motorways in North Macedonia

Dupnitsa-Kyustendil expressway branching off from Struma motorway is planned to connect with North Macedonia.

## Gallery

[edit]

* Trakia motorway near Nova Zagora

* Trakia motorway near Trayanovi Vrata tunnel

* Construction works on Maritsa motorway near Chirpan

* Entering Struma motorway near Pernik

* Struma motorway near Pernik

## See also

[edit]

* Transport in Bulgaria
* List of bridges in Bulgaria
* List of controlled-access highway systems
* Evolution of motorway construction in European nations
* List of railway lines in Bulgaria

## Notes

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Highways in Bulgaria.

1. ^ a b c Still not designated.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Bulgaria Ups Hwy Speed Limit to 140 km/h". novinite.com. 26 June 2012.
2. ^ "Amendments in the Roads Act". State Gazette (47). 26 June 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
3. ^ "The World Bank Will Consult Road Infrastructure Agency for the Introduction of a Toll System at the Use of the National Roads". RIA. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
4. ^ "Bulgaria launches 102 mln euro electronic toll collection system tender". SEE News. 6 April 2016. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
5. ^ "The Work on the Construction of the Toll System Starts". www.api.bg. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
6. ^ "Магистрална равносметка" (in Bulgarian). Tema Daily. 6 April 2013.
7. ^ a b Maria Andonova (27 June 2008). "Защо няма магистрали" [Why are there no motorways]. вестник "Капитал"/www.capital.bg. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
8. ^ a b "Bulgaria Opens Monday Its First Completed HWY Trakiya". novinite.com. 15 July 2013.
9. ^ "След 36 години АМ "Марица" най-после е готова!". plovdiv24.bg (in Bulgarian). 28 October 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
10. ^ "Министър Иванов подписа разрешение за строеж за нови близо 14 км от автомагистрала „Хемус"" (in Bulgarian). API. Retrieved 4 February 2025.
11. ^ "API :: Започна поетапното строителство на АМ "Хемус" между Боаза и пътя Русе - Велико Търново". www.api.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2020-08-25.
12. ^ "АМ "Хемус" ще бъде изцяло готова до 2027 г." (in Bulgarian). nova.bg. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
13. ^ "Цялата магистрала "Струма" ще е готова най-рано около 2030 година г." (in Bulgarian). dnevnik.bg. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
14. ^ "Construction of Maritsa Motorway Completed". Bulgarian News Agency. 29 October 2015.
15. ^ "За магистрала "Черно море", която ще е дълга около 100 километра, най-оптимистично може да се очаква до края на 2027 г. да бъдат преминати всички етапи, необходими за получаване на разрешение за строеж. Поне пет години ще са нужни и за строителството ѝ." (in Bulgarian). investor.bg. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
16. ^ "Strategic Road Projects with National Financing". National Roads Agency. 5 April 2023.
17. ^ "Bulgaria launches two tenders for upgrade of 31.5 km of main road". SEE News. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
18. ^ "БТА :: Арх. Иван Шишков: Благодарение на съвместните усилия на държавните институции и строителя пуснахме 6,4 км от автомагистрала "Европа"" (in Bulgarian). Bulgarian Telegraph Agency. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
19. ^ "По договор срокът за строителството на тези 16 км от магистрала "Европа" от Сливница до София е 660 дни или 22 месеца. Строителството обаче няма как да започне засега, тъй като в момента върви обществена поръчка за строителния надзор" (in Bulgarian). capital.bg. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
20. ^ "The long-awaited day for Danube Bridge Vidin Calafat, 14.06.2013". Archived from the original on 2013-10-18.
21. ^ "Над 46,5 млн. лв. са инвестирани в изграждането на обходния път на Монтана" (in Bulgarian). RIA. 29 December 2015.
22. ^ ""Автомагистрали" получи още 1 млрд. лева за пътя Видин - Ботевград, 02.10.2020". Archived from the original on 2013-10-18.
23. ^ a b "Решение на Министерски съвет ускорява строителството на скоростния път Видин-Ботевград". 4 January 2023.
24. ^ "Bulgaria Plans Construction of Ruse-Veliko Tarnovo Motorway". novinite.com. 13 February 2015.
25. ^ "Bulgaria launches tender for 75 km of the Veliko Tarnovo - Ruse motorway". SEE News. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
26. ^ "Министърът очаква до 2030 г. да бъде завършена магистралата Русе - Велико Търново, а през 2028 г. да е готов един от тежките пътни участъци у нас - Русе – Бяла" (in Bulgarian). investor.bg. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
27. ^ "Караджов: Най-важният път с РСМ е автомагистрала между Дупница и Гюешево" (in Bulgarian). fakti.bg. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
28. ^ "Властта обмисля още две магистрали - Бургас-Малко Търново и Гюешево-Дупница" (in Bulgarian). investor.bg. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
29. ^ "Започната е процедура по проектиране на трасето между Гюешево-Дупница" (in Bulgarian). vestnikstroitel.bg. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
30. ^ "Tender for feasibility study of Ruse-Svilengrad was announced". stroitelstvo.info (in Bulgarian). 22 October 2012. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
31. ^ "Premier Ponta: Motorway connection envisaged between Craiova and Calafat". agerpres.ro. 14 June 2013. Archived from the original on 17 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.

* v
* t
* e

Roads in Bulgaria

Motorways|

* Trakia (A1)
* Hemus (A2)
* Struma (A3)
* Maritsa (A4)
* Cherno More (A5)
* Europe (A6)
* Vidin-Montana (A7)
* Veliko Tarnovo–Ruse (A8)
* Rila

Expressways|

* Botevgrad-Vidin expressway

1st class roads|

* I-1
* I-2
* I-3
* I-4
* I-5
* I-6
* I-7
* I-8
* I-9

2nd class roads|

* II-11
* II-12
* II-13
* II-14
* II-15
* II-16
* II-17
* II-18 (Sofia Ring Road)
* II-19
* II-21
* II-23
* II-27
* II-29
* II-34
* II-35
* II-37
* II-44
* II-48
* II-49
* II-51
* II-52
* II-53
* II-54
* II-55
* II-56
* II-57
* II-58
* II-59
* II-62
* II-63
* II-64
* II-66
* II-71
* II-73
* II-74
* II-76
* II-79
* II-80
* II-81
* II-82
* II-84
* II-86
* II-97
* II-99

* v
* t
* e

Roads in Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

* v
* t
* e

Motorways in Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
*   * Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
*   * Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
*   * Lithuania
* Luxembourg
*   * Moldova
*   * Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
*   * Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

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