Hindi media

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Hindi media refers to media in the Hindi language and its dialects, across the Hindi belt in India, and elsewhere within the Hindi-speaking Indian diaspora.

Hindi media has a two hundred-year history, with the first newspaper published in the language, Udant Martand, going to press in 1826, and the first Hindi novel, Pariksha Guru, published in 1882.[1]

## Newspapers

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Hindi Journalism Day, held on 30 May, is considered to be an extremely important day for Hindi journalism, since the first Hindi-language newspaper, Udant Martand, was published on this day in 1826. Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla started it as a weekly newspaper from Calcutta on 30 May 1826. He was the publisher and editor himself. For this reason, Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla has a special place in the world of Hindi journalism. Before 1826, many newspapers throughout modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (the British Raj) were being published in English, Persian, and Bangla, but not a single newspaper was published in Hindi.[citation needed]

Keeping this in view, Jugal Kishore started the publication of 'Udant Martand'. This newspaper was published weekly, every Tuesday. At the time of Udant Martand's publishing, no one thought that Hindi-language journalism and media would grow to as huge of a size as it is today.[citation needed]

Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla was originally from Kanpur and wanted to give more importance to journalism despite being a lawyer. But at that time, the colonial British had made Calcutta their place of work, due to which it became a big challenge to talk about the rights of the Indians in India. Therefore, Jugal Kishore Shukla's initiative to publish the first Hindi-language newspaper focused at talking about the rights of native Indians is usually pegged as a bold experiment. Before the Hindi newspaper was published in the state of Bengal (now separated into West Bengal in India and Bangladesh), the newspaper was published in other languages.[citation needed]

The Hindi newspaper was also published from Bengal, the credit of which goes to Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla. The publication of Udant Martand was started from No. 27 Amadtalla Gali, Kolutolla Mohalla, Calcutta. Originally a resident of Kanpur, Pandit Jugal Kishore Shukla was fluent in Sanskrit, Persian, English and Bengali. He first worked as a Proceeding Reader in the Sadar Diwani Adalat in Kanpur and later went on to become a lawyer. He got permission from the Governor General on February 19, 1826, to publish Udant Martand. Due to a lack of knowledge of the Hindi language, especially in states like Bengal, there were rarely any returning readers. The cost of sending the newspaper out to Hindi belt states was quite high and all of Jugal Kishore's requests to the government asking for a concession in postal rates was denied by the colonial British government. The newspaper was forced to close after less than 2 years due to unforeseen financial constraints.[citation needed]

The first Hindi-language newspaper published in India, Udant Martand (The Rising Sun), started on 30 May 1826.[2] This day is celebrated as "Hindi Journalism Day", or Hindi Patrakarita Diwas, as it marked the beginning of journalism in Hindi language.[3] India has a long history of printing. The first printing press was set up as early as in 1674 in Mumbai (Bombay). Calcutta General Advertiser, the first newspaper of India (also known as the Hicky's Bengal Gazette),[4] started in January 1780, and the first Hindi daily, Samachar Sudha Varshan, started in 1854 - three years before the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Prabhat Khabar is a Hindi language newspaper published daily in Jharkhand, Bihar and West Bengal. The newspaper is circulated in several states in India, including Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and some parts of Orissa. It was founded in August 1984 in Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand.The newspaper is notable for reporting social issues and revealing scams, such as the Fodder Scam.[5] The newspaper began reporting the Fodder Scam in 1992. Despite receiving threats, the newspaper wrote 70 reports on the scam and had four or five reporters reporting the story.

On 30 May 1826, Udant Martand (The Rising Sun), the first Hindi-language newspaper published in India, started from Calcutta (now Kolkata), published every Tuesday by Pt. Jugal Kishore Shukla.[2][6]

Hindi news media has a dominant presence in a large part of the country. India is a multi-lingual country, and the Hindi belt is a group of states which are predominantly Hindi-speaking. The Hindi belt is commonly understood to include the states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and the union territories of Delhi and Chandigarh.[7]

## Hindi media today

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Currently India publishes about 1,000 Hindi dailies that have a total circulation of about 80 million copies. English, the second language in terms of number of daily newspapers, has about 250 dailies with a circulation of about 40 million copies.[8] Prominent Hindi newspapers include Prabhat Khabar, Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala, Navbharat Times, Hindustan Dainik and Rajasthan Patrika.

In terms of readership, Dainik Jagran is the most popular Hindi daily, with a total readership (TR) of 54,583,000, according to IRS Round One 2009. Dainik Bhaskar is the second most popular with a total readership of 33,500,000. Amar Ujala with TR of 28,674,000, Hindustan Dainik with TR of 26,769,000 and Rajasthan Patrika with a TR of 14,051,000 are placed at the next three positions. The total readership of the top 10 Hindi dailies is estimated at 188.68 million, nearly five times the top 10 English dailies, which have 38.76 million total readership.[9] Others Hindi dailies target online readership using medium like YouTube and other social media.[10]

## Hindi news channels

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Prominent Hindi television news channels include India TV, News18 India, ABP News, Zee News, Aaj Tak, NDTV India, News 24 and News World India.

The most popular Hindi news websites are primarily the online versions of the Hindi newspapers and news channels.

## References

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1. ^ Kalsi, A. S. (1992). "Parīkṣāguru (1882): The First Hindi Novel and the Hindu Elite". Modern Asian Studies. 26 (4): 763–790\. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00010064. ISSN 0026-749X. JSTOR 312939. S2CID 144281907.763-790&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=0026-749X&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144281907#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/312939#id-name=JSTOR&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/S0026749X00010064&rft.aulast=Kalsi&rft.aufirst=A.+S.&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/312939&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Hindi+media" class="Z3988">
2. ^ a b Hena Naqvi (2007). Journalism And Mass Communication. Upkar Prakashan. pp. 42–. ISBN 978-81-7482-108-9.
3. ^ Chatterjee, Mrinal. "History of Hindi". Press Institute of India. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
4. ^ "India Press, Media, TV, Radio, Newspapers - television, circulation, stations, papers, number, print, freedom".
5. ^ "Latest news on Foddar Scam Case". Prabhat Khabar. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
6. ^ S. B. Bhattacherjee (2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. A119. ISBN 978-81-207-4074-7.
7. ^ "exchange4media > IRS 2009 > IRS 2009 R1: Hindi belt dailies ride the growth and decline curve". www.exchange4media.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2009.
8. ^ "Archives Top and Latest News".
9. ^ "Exchange4media > IRS 2009 > No surprises here ? Dainik Jagran and TOI maintain leadership positions". www.exchange4media.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2009.
10. ^ "HCN News – YouTube". YouTube.