Historiography on Carlism during the Francoist era

Aspect of Carlist history

Carlist standard

During 40 years of post-Francoist Spain there have been some 200 works published on Carlist history during the Franco regime (1939 to 1975; the Civil War period is not discussed here); there are some 100 authors who have contributed. The number of major studies – books or unpublished PhD works - stands at around 50, the rest are articles in specialized reviews (pieces in popular newspapers or periodicals are not acknowledged here). Except some 15 titles, almost all have been published in Spain. The interest was scarce in the late 1970s and early 1980s, it grew in the late 1980s and since the early 1990s it remains stable, with some 30 titles published every 5 years.[1]

## Overviews and synthetic works[edit]

A student unfamiliar with the subject should probably start with a large chapter dedicated to post-Civil War Carlism in general historical synthesis by Canal (2000):[2] comprehensive and non-partisan, it provides a good overview. Another option is a concise 20-page review of Caspistegui Gorasurreta and Vázquez de Prada (1995).[3] Definitely less valuable is a booklet of Dongil (2011),[4] dedicated almost exclusively to the period in question and equally general, but flawed by a loose essayist style. Alternatively, there is an article intended to provide a helicopter-view summary, but overfocused on internal fragmentation of the movement, written by Brioso (1996),[5] a sketchy overview in a section of the book of Alférez (1995)[6] and final chapter of Blinkhorn's (1975)[7] study, written during commencing transition and burdened with illusions of the author. There are 3 works to be followed as exhaustive, general in-depth attempts to capture the Carlist history during Francoism, all resulting from PhD research. The works of Caspistegui (1997)[8] and Martorell (2009)[9] are splendidly documented, though the former focuses on the 1960s and 1970s rather than the 1940s and 1950s, while the latter pursues a partisan, Progressist claim. Exactly the opposite, Traditionalist claim is pursued in the thesis of Rodón (2015),[10] the work founded on scarce own research. Final pages of Sagarra and Andrés (2014)[11] provide an illustrated and geography-focused overview. Works recommended only to students familiar with the subject and armed with appropriate criticism are writings on late Carlism by Clemente (1977[12] and 2003[13]), chapters in the general overview of Pérez-Nievas (1999)[14] and last essays in the volume of Miralles Climent (2004).[15] A general synthesis on right-wing politics during Francoism by Gil Pecharromán (2019) contains many paragraphs on Carlism.[16] The very recent work of an experienced Navarrese statesman Allí Aranguren (2021) is specifically calibrated as discussion on relations between Carlism and Francoism, with focus on the 1939-1955 period.[17]

## Regional studies[edit]

Carlism has been traditionally most active in 3 areas: Vascongadas, Navarre and Catalonia. Unfortunately, there is no attempt to capture the post-1939 movement history in the Basque Country in general; either specific sub-periods or specific issues are covered in scarce passages of the available books by López (2000),[18] Estornes (1976)[19] and Garate (1980)[20] or the articles of Toquero (1987),[21] Luengo (1990),[22] Sánchez (1994),[23] Calvo (1999),[24] Molina (2008),[25] and Vázquez de Prada (2012).[26] For Navarre, apart from a very sketchy overview of Miranda (1988),[27] there is excellent book of Villanueva (1998),[28] which, however, together with her minor contributions (1997, 2003)[29] deals only with the so-called „primer franquismo”. Mid-Francoism is covered by Vázquez de Prada (1995, 2006, 2011).[30] There is one major work (Carmona 1978)[31] and few lesser ones (Larraza 2005,[32] Baraibar 2006,[33] Larraza, Baraibar 2013[34]) which deal with political struggle to control the Pamplona ayuntamiento. A handful of articles traces cultural changes in Navarrese Carlism, almost all written by Caspistegui (1992, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2004).[35] The very last period is tackled in a partisan book by Errea (2007),[36] which nevertheless provides detailed info on El Pensamiento Navarro and the Pamplonese realm. The best covered area is Catalonia thanks to an exhaustive study of Vallverdú (2014),[37] with a minor piece provided also by Thomàs (1992),[38] Cubero (1993),[39] Canals (1995)[40] and Campás (2007).[41] One book partially deals with the Francoist period in Valladolid (Herrera 2013)[42] another one in Valencia (Pérez 2010)[43] and one in Castellon (Miralles Climent, 2009).[44] Late Francoist period in Seville has been targeted by Somé Laserna (2011).[45] The Galician province of Orense earned a monograph by Rego Nieto (1985).[46]

## Biographies and similar[edit]

There are a number of works which focus on individuals, though some, as general biographical studies, only partially deal with Carlism and politics. Perhaps the first one to be listed is definitely hagiographical biography of Don Javier by Borbón, Clemente and Cubero (1997).[47] His son, Don Carlos Hugo, is featured twice by Clemente in 1999,[48] and 2000,[49] apart from a book by Heras Borrero, which discusses also Don Javier, Don Sixto and other Borbon-Parmas (2010)[50] and chapters in a book by Ferrer and Puga (2001)[51] and Balanso (1994).[52] Maria Teresa de Borbon is presented by Clemente (2002).[53] The longtime political leader Manuel Fal earned hagiographical booklets by Fidaldo and Burgueño (1980)[54] and Martínez (1998),[55] apart from an article by Clemente (1978).[56] Another leader José María Valiente has been dedicated one article by Vázquez de Prada (2012).[57] The claimant Don Carlos Pio earned no biography as such, but his bid for the throne and Carloctavismo in general is dealt with in three books (Montells 1995,[58] Heras 2004,[59] Alcala 2012[60]) and four articles (Heras 1983,[61] Bolinaga 2007,[62] Sánchez 2013,[63] Vázquez de Prada 2011[64]). Jaime del Burgo is discussed in one book by his son (del Burgo 2003)[65] and in one article (Garralda 2008).[66] Alcala (2001)[67] published a partisan but highly recommended book on Sivatte, which provides much information on Sivattismo and Catalan Carlism as well; far less interesting are books of Monserrat (2001)[68] on Joaquín Bau, Ballestero (2014)[69] on José M. Oriol, Zavala (2008)[70] on Antonio Arrue, articles on the latter by San Martín (1976),[71] Martorell (2011)[72] and Sudupe (2012),[73] and another one by Wilhelmsen (2007) on Lizarza Inda.[74] Rather peculiar contributions are the album of Piñeiro (2005)[75] with paintings of Boveda and the work of Carmona (1995),[76] discussing how Alfonso Comín turned from a Carlist to a Communist. Rodezno, Arauz de Robles and Elías de Tejada are discussed in one article (2009).[77]

## Sub-periods covered[edit]

The so-called early Francoism has recently been treated in major work of Miralles Climent (2018).[78] Apart from studies on Navarre listed earlier there are two books which focus on the Civil War, the period not covered here, and contain minor passages related to the following years, namely the works of Peñas (1996)[79] and Peñalba (2013),[80] 2022.[81] Mid-Francoism was targeted in particular by a 2016 book of Vázquez de Prada,[82] her minor works of 2005[83] and 2009[84] and a manuscript by Cubero (1989).[85] Special attention is needed when reading the works of Lavardín (1976),[86] Massó (2005)[87] and Ipiña (2010),[88] insider stories from the project of launching Carlos Hugo in 1957-1966. Late-Francoism is covered in two recent PhD works. The one written by García Riol (2015)[89] is largely repetitive though also highly focused, non-partisan, based on newly available documents and pursuing a handful of interesting concepts. The one written by Miralles Climent (2015)[90] is a first-hand account from a Partido Carlista militant, perhaps the most instructive work written so far when it comes to understanding the rise of "socialismo autogestionario"; it contains also some 300 pages of documentary appendices. Minor works on late Francoism are articles offered by Cubero (1990),[91] Sánchez (2004),[92] Raguer (2004),[93] del Burgo (2011),[94] Campas (2013)[95] and Ferrer (2015).[96] A PhD dissertation was dedicated to the 1969-1980 period by Senent (2021),[97] with a later scaled-down article (2024).[98] Specific episodes are addressed in works of the Zubiaurs (2012),[99] Rodón (2015)[100] and the book by Domingo-Arnau (1998).[101] A number of works, though generally studying Francoism and extreme-Right groupings in the early 1970s, offer some insight into the Carlist realm as well, especially the books of de la Cierva (1978,[102] 1981[103] and 1987[104]), Rodríguez (1994[105] and 1997[106]) and the articles by Gallego (2008)[107] and Casals (2009).[108] Carlism and late Francoism was the subject of a series of lectures, organized in late 2018 in Pamplona.[109] Works by Senent (2020,[110] 2022[111]) and del Corno (2009)[112] target the post-Francoist era, but contain large passages dedicated to final years of Francoism.

## Key threads[edit]

In terms of key threads followed there are clearly two which attract most attention: Carlist position towards the Francoist regime and internal conflicts within Carlism, sometimes both merged as having been closely interrelated. Most of the works quoted earlier deal with these topics one way or another. All scholars – also those writing from Traditionalist and Progressist perspective - advance the thesis of intrinsic hostility between Carlism and Francoism, but there is no major scholarly work which systematically and comprehensively captures the problem of mutual relations between the two. The works approaching the topic are a collection of 3 essays by Martorell and Miralles (2009),[113] a brief study of Calero Delso (2003),[114] an analysis of the 1942 crisis by Thomas (2016),[115] of the 1956 deadlock by Zaratiegui and Garcia (2017)[116] and a synthetic overview by Alli Aranguren (2021).[117] In case of internal conflict it is quite the opposite: there are many works dedicated almost entirely to the problem, but they offer competitive visions emphasizing either change or continuity. The first one is championed by already noted book of Caspistegui; apart from minor works listed earlier, it is presented also in some sketchy overviews. Blinkhorn (1991),[118] Vázquez de Prada, Caspistegui (1991[119] and 1995[120]) and MacClancy (1998),[121] tend to view the change sympathetically, while Bartyzel (2011)[122] builds a case-study, striving to present a unique European phenomen of a large and historically grounded political movement turned into its own ruinous negation. The key work adhering to the continuity reading is already noted PhD thesis of Martorell and the booklet of Pérez-Nievas. Countless and highly repetitive books of Clemente, dealing with the history of Carlism in general, advance the same theory, also from the Progressist perspective (1995,[123] 1999,[124] 2006,[125] 2011,[126] 2013[127]). There is historiographical work which adheres to the continuity theory from the Traditionalist perspective, though the book of Gambra (1976)[128] seems to fall rather into philosophy. A particular and very focused case-study is an article of Vázquez de Prada on Carlism and the Francoist law on religious liberty (2017).[129]

## Studies on theory and theorists[edit]

There are a number of works which are useful to a student of Carlist history during Francoism, but intended rather as studies on philosophy and political science. The Progressist perspective, overrepresented in historiography, is hardly present here; the only work noted is a treaty by the claimant himself (de Borbón 1977).[130] On the other hand, there are abundant studies dedicated to Traditionalist thinkers of the era and written almost entirely from hagiographic or at least sympathetic positions. Elías de Tejada was dedicated a book by Ayuso (1994)[131] and a one edited by Sánchez (1995);[132] smaller pieces dedicated to the extremeño keep appearing in Annales de la Fundación Elías de Tejada (Cantero 1995, Ayuso 1999, Cecotti 2005, Ayuso 2008)[133] and other periodicals or books (Lamsdorff 1975, Lorca 1978, Vallet 1981, Díaz 1988, Fernandéz de la Mora 1989, Cienfuegos 1996, Turco 1998, Cuenca 2000, Giovine 2002, Bartyzel 2014).[134] Rafael Gambra earned a book by Ayuso (1998)[135] and a commemorative issue of Annales de la Fundacion Elías de Tejada (2004),[136] plus articles in other reviews (Ayuso 1998, Canals 2004, Forment 2009, Alvear 2009, Alvear 2014).[137] Similar intra-Traditionalist approach is a general study with many chapters dedicated to the Francoist era, written by Bartyzel (2015).[138] Unique non-partisan works are a general analysis with some sections on post-Civil-War Carlism by Novella (2007),[139] González (2005)[140] and his later brief encyclopedical entry (2008).[141] A work somewhat broader in scope as focusing on Traditionalism rather than on Carlism is a PhD thesis of Rodríguez Núñez (2014).[142]

## Specific approaches[edit]

In historiography on Carlism during Francoism there is a tendency to depart from political analysis and focus on culture and anthropology. It is championed especially by MacClancy with his somewhat tilted but extremely interesting book (2000)[143] and an article (2009),[144] though also by Caspistegui with a number of his contributions (1997, 1999, 2007, 2012, 2013),[145] apart from studies on Navarre listed earlier. The phenomenon of Montejurra,[146] apart from both mentioned authors, is discussed also by Clemente (1978)[147] and - with regard to 1969 - by Martorell (2006),[148] while Mártires de la Tradición event is discussed in the article by Senent (2020).[149] The press is focused on by Cubero (1995a, 1995b),[150] Clemente (1999)[151] and Alquézar (2013),[152] while cinema is treated by Moral (2002).[153] Finally, other perspectives are offered by Blinkhorn (1990),[154] Calvo (1992)[155] and Miralles (2005).[156] Structural framework is at the foreground in very few works which study specific dedicated Carlist organizations; the one which attracted most attention is GAC, discussed in books by Onrubia (2001)[157] and Clemente (2016)[158] and articles by MacClancy (1989)[159] and Porro (1999).[160] MOT earned a minor piece by Cubero (2014)[161] and a major volume - composed mostly of documents, with rather brief analytics - by Miralles (2007),[162] which discusses also AET; the latter is separately treated by Vazquez de Prada (1998)[163] and Juncosa (2002),[164] while FARC was addressed by Onrubia (1999, 2003).[165] An ex-combatant organisation is approached by Nonell (2001).[166] The ETA war against Carlism, partially covering the late Francoist period, is discussed by Ibáñez (2017).[167] Unfortunately, there is no socio-economic approach to history of Carlism during Francoism, though incursions into the area may be found in the article of García Riol (2016)[168] and the paper of Miralles Climent (2000).[169]

## Meta-historiography[edit]

Two works are documentary compilations and might serve as printed sources; the key one massive series by Santa Cruz[170] and another is a book edited by Clemente (1994).[171] There have been already a few meta-historiographical works published.[172] Perhaps the one to start with is a bibliography prepared by Rubio and Talavera (2012),[173] which does not cover works published beyond Spain and those after 2012; moreover, the authors do not quote ISBN numbers and overlooked some of the titles listed here. Another group of works are reviews of published works (not listed here) and attempts to discuss recent trends in Carlist historiography, partially covering also the Francoist era. A fairly old one is a 16-year-old chapter in already quoted work of Canal and similarly outdated articles of Larramendi (1996),[174] Martorell (2000)[175] and Gonzalez (2000);[176] later essays, almost entirely irrelevant for students of Francoism, are those of Boyd (2003)[177] Molina (2008),[178] Canal (2011),[179] Somé (2012)[180] and Olábarri (2014).[181] Appallingly relevant remains a note by Bullón de Mendoza (2013).[182] The same question – related to partiality and bias – is tackled head on and specifically with regard to Carlism by Martínez (2002).[183] Some proposals for future research were formulated - and partially met - 30 years ago by Blinkhorn (1986)[184] and more recently, by Caspistegui (2008).[185]

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ^ late 1970s: 10 titles, early 1980s: 2, late 1980s: 13, early 1990s: 33, late 1990s: 34, early 2000s: 37, late 2000s: 25, early 2010s: 37
2. ^ Jordi Canal, Hacia la marginación del carlismo: 1939-1999, [in:] Jordi Canal, El carlismo, Madrid 2000, ISBN 8420639478, pp. 342-401
3. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Del Dios, Patria, Rey al socialismo autogestionario. Fragmentación ideológica y ocaso del carlismo entre el franquismo y la transición, [in:] J. Tusell Gómez, A. Soto Carmona (eds.), Historia de la transición y consolidación democrática en España: (1975-1986), Madrid 1995, ISBN 843623314X, pp. 309-329
4. ^ Miguel Dongil y Sánchez, Historia reciente del carlismo: 1939-2010, Soría 2011, ISBN 9788499819297
5. ^ Julio V. Brioso y Mayral, El carlismo en la postguerra y en la transición, [in:] Stanley G. Payne (ed.), Identidad y nacionalismo en la España contemporánea, el Carlismo, 1833-1975, Madrid 1996, ISBN 84-87863-46-9, pp. 155-171
6. ^ Gabriel Alférez, La travesía del desierto, [in:] Gabriel Alférez, Historia del Carlismo, Madrid 1995, ISBN 8487863396
7. ^ Martin Blinkhorn, Epilogue. Carlism in the Spain of Franco, [in:] Martin Blinkhorn, Carlism and Crisis in Spain, Cambridge 1975 [re-printed with no re-edition in 2008], ISBN 9780521086349, pp. 296-307
8. ^ Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, El naufragio de las ortodoxias. El carlismo, 1962–1977, Pamplona 1997; ISBN 9788431315641, based on PhD thesis El carlismo: transformación y permanencia del franquismo a la democracia (1962-1977), [PhD thesis Universidad de Navarra] 1996
9. ^ Manuel Martorell Pérez, La continuidad ideológica del carlismo tras la Guerra Civil [PhD thesis in Historia Contemporanea, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia], Valencia 2009; it was later re-edited as two books focusing on attitude towards Francoism and the dynastic claim of the Borbón-Parmas, see Retorno a la lealtad; el desafío carlista al franquismo, Madrid 2010, ISBN 9788497391115, and Carlos Hugo frente a Juan Carlos. La solución federal para España que Franco rechazó, Madrid 2014, ISBN 9788477682653. Perhaps one should note that a prologue to the latter, written by Juan-Cruz Alli Aranguren (Prologo, pp. 11-31), constitutes an ambitious stand-alone analysis of Carlism during the Francoist era
10. ^ Ramón María Rodón Guinjoan, Invierno, primavera y otoño del carlismo (1939-1976) [PhD thesis Universitat Abat Oliba CEU], Barcelona 2015
11. ^ Pablo Sagarra Renedo, Juan Ramón de Andrés Martín, Atlas ilustrado del Carlismo, Madrid 2014, ISBN, 9788467727173, esp. chapter VII, Del franquismo a la actualidad, pp. 217-248
12. ^ Josep Carles Clemente, Historia del Carlismo contemporaneo 1935–1972, Barcelona 1977, ISBN, 9788425307591
13. ^ Josep Carles Clemente, El carlismo contra Franco, Barcelona 2003, ISBN 9788489644878
14. ^ Fermín Pérez-Nievas Borderas, El Carlismo durante la dictadura Franquista, [in:] Fermín Pérez-Nievas Borderas, Contra viento y marea. Historia de la evolución ideológica del carlismo a través de dos siglos de lucha, Pamplona 1999, ISBN 9788460589327, pp. 143-202
15. ^ Josep Miralles Climent, El Carlismo frente al estado español: rebelión, cultura y lucha política, Madrid 2004, ISBN 9788475600864
16. ^ Julio Gil Pecharromán, La estirpe del camaleón: Una historia política de la derecha en España (1937-2004), Madrid 2019, ISBN 9788430623020
17. ^ Juan-Cruz Allí Aranguren, El carlismo de Franco. De Rodezno a Carlos VIII [PhD thesis UNED], s.l. 2021
18. ^ José Javier López Antón, Escritores carlistas en la cultura vasca: sustrato lingüístico y etnográfico en la vascología carlista, Tafalla 2000, ISBN 8476813260
19. ^ Idoia Estornes Zubizarreta, Carlismo y abolicion foral 1876-1976. En torno a un centenario, Bilbao 1976, ISBN 9788470251863
20. ^ Justo Garate Arriola, El carlismo de los vascos, Bilbao 1980, ISBN 9788470251986
21. ^ José Maria Toquero, El Carlismo vasco-navarro y don Juan de Borbón. La influencia del Conde de Rodezno, [in:] II Congreso Mundial Vasco, Vitoria 1987, pp. 233-256
22. ^ Felix Luengo Teixidor, La formación del poder local franquista en Guipúzcoa (1937-1945), [in:] Boletín Instituto Gerónimo de Uztáriz 4 (1990), pp. 83-94
23. ^ Javier Sánchez Erauskin, Raices de la violencia: papel ideológico de las capitales vascas en el primer franquismo, [in:] Vasconia 26 (1998), pp. 285-294
24. ^ Cándida Calvo Vicente, Franquismo y política de la memoria en Guipúzcoa. La búrsqueda del consenso carlista (1936-1951), [in:] Alicia Alted Vigil (ed.), Entre el pasado y el presente, Madrid 1999, pp. 163-182
25. ^ Fernando Molina Aparicio, De la historia a la memoria: el carlismo y el problema vasco (1868-1978), [in:] El Carlismo en su tiempo: geografías de la contrarrevolución. I Jornadas de Estudio del Carlismo, 18-21 septiembre 2007, Estella 2008, ISBN 9788423530694, pp. 167-204
26. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, La reorganización del carlismo vasco en los sesenta: entre la pasividad y el "separatismo", [in:] Vasconia. Cuadernos de Historia-Geografía 38 (2012), p. 1111-1140
27. ^ Francisco Miranda, La oposición dentro del régimen. El carlismo en Navarra, [in:] [in:] J. Tusell, A. Alted, A. Mateos (eds.), La oposición al régimen de Franco, Madrid 1990, ISBN 8436224957, pp. 469-480
28. ^ Aurora Villanueva Martínez, El carlismo navarro durante el primer franquismo, 1937-1951, Madrid 1998, ISBN 9788487863714
29. ^ Aurora Villanueva Martínez, Organizacion, actividad y bases del carlismo navarro durante el primer franquismo [in:] Geronimo de Uztariz 19 (2003), pp. 97–117, Aurora Villanueva Martínez, Los incidentes del 3 de diciembre de 1945 en la Plaza del Castillo, [in:] Principe de Viana 58 (1997), pp. 629–650
30. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, Rosario Ruíz, Los contrafueros de 1952-54 y la oposición carlista al franquismo en Navarra, [in:] Comunicaciones presentadas al II Encuentro de Investigadores del Franquismo, Alicante 1995, pp. 235-246, Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, El carlismo navarro y la oposición a la política de colaboración entre 1957 y 58, [in:] Navarra: memoria e imagen: actas del VI Congreso de Historia de Navarra, Pamplona 2006, Vol. 2, ISBN 8477681791, pp. 163–176, Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, El papel del carlismo navarro en el inicio de la fragmentación definitiva de la comunión tradicionalista (1957-1960), [in:] Príncipe de Viana 72 (2011), pp. 393–406
31. ^ Javier Felix Carmona Salinas, El Ayuntamiento de Pamplona, entre la democracia orgánica y el sufragio universal [MA Thesis Universidad de Navarra], Pamplona 1978
32. ^ María del Mar Larraza Micheltorena, El ayuntamiento pamplonés en el tardofranquismo, [in:] La Transició de la dictadure franquista a la democrácia, Barcelona 2005, pp. 68-79
33. ^ Alvaro Baraibar Etxeberria, Una visión falangista de la foralidad navarra, [in:] Gerónimo de Uztariz 2006, pp. 9-37
34. ^ Maria del Mar Larazza Micheltorena, Alvaro Baraibar Etxeberria, La Navarra sotto il Franchismo: la lotta per il controllo provinciale tra i governatori civili e la Diputacion Foral (1945-1955), [in:] Nazioni e Regioni, Bari 2013, pp. 101–120
35. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, Francisco Javier Caspistegui, Rosario Adriana y Ruíz, El franquismo en Navarra y la crisis del carlismo: una aproximación a través de las fuentes orales, [in:] I Encuentro de Investigadores del Franquismo, Barcelona 1992, pp. 75-76, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Carmen Erro, El naufragio de Arcadia. Esbozo del cambio social en Navarra durante el franquismo. Mito y realidad en la historia de Navarra, [in:] IV Congreso de Historia de Navarra, vol. 3, Pamplona, 1999, pp. 107-131, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, La utopia de la identidad unitaria: Navarra y el carlismo, [in:] Investigaciones históricas 17 (1997), pp. 285-314, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, El proceso de secularización de las fiestas carlistas, [in:] Zainak. Cuadernos de Antropología-Etnografía, 26 (2004), pp. 781-802, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Navarra y lo carlista. Símbolos y mitos, [in:] A. M. Duque, J. Martínez de Aguirre (eds.), Signos de indentidad histórica para Navarra, Pamplona 1996, pp. 355-370; also later works of the author, dealing with history of sports and leisure in the area, might be useful
36. ^ Rosa Marina Errea Iribas, Javier Maria Pascual y El Pensamiento Navarro: "con él llego el escándalo" (1966-1970), Pamplona 2007, ISBN 9788477681922. The book, though re-edited version of PhD thesis accepted at Universidad de Navarra in 2002, should be approached with caution. Apart from clearly hagiographical („uno de esos hombres, con el corazón en su pueblo y la mente en lo universal”, p. 439) and partisan stand („nuestra gente”, p. 418), it contains glaring factual errors (e.g. claims that Juan Carlos was accepted as Franco’s successor in 1970, p. 347) and comments posed as quotations (p. 224), unclear whether editorial deficiencies or problems of competence and integrity
37. ^ Robert Vallverdú i Martí, La metamorfosi del carlisme català: del "Déu, Pàtria i Rei" a l'Assamblea de Catalunya (1936-1975), Barcelona 2014, ISBN 9788498837261
38. ^ Joan Maria Thomàs, Carlisme Barceloní als anys quarenta: „Sivattistes”, „Unificats”, „Octavistes”, [in:] L’Avenc 212 (1992), pp. 12-17
39. ^ Joaquín Cubero Sánchez, La prensa carlista de Cataluña durante la dictadura franquista, [in:] Josep Maria Solé i Sabaté (ed.), Literatura, cultura i carlisme, Solsona 1993
40. ^ Francisco Canals Vidal, La Cataluña que pelea contra Europa, [in:] Angel Sanchez de la Torre (ed.), Francisco Elías de Tejada, Madrid 1995, ISBN 8486926890, pp. 95-101
41. ^ Jaume Campás i Fornols, La lucha silenciada del carlismo catalan, Barcelona 2007, ISBN 9788495735225
42. ^ Manuel Herrera Bravo, Cronica del Carlismo en Valladolid, 1883-2007, Valladolid 2013, ISBN 9788495735287
43. ^ Luis Pérez Domingo, 50 años de carlismo en valencia. Círculo cultural Aparisi y Guijarro, 1959-2009, Valencia 2010
44. ^ Josep Miralles Climent, La postguerra i els carlistes a les comarques de Castelló: uns exemples de repressió franquista i de protecció a milicians represaliats en consells de guerra sumaríssims, [in:] Pelai Pagès Blanch (ed.), La repressió franquista al País Valencià. Primera Trobada d'investigadors de la Comissió de la Veritat, València 2009, ISBN 9788475028361
45. ^ Caín Somé Laserna, El tradicionalismo sevillano ante la transición hacia la democracia, [in:] Rafael Quirosa-Cheyrouze Muñoz, Luis Carlos Navarro Pérez, Mónica Fernández Amador (eds.), Las organizaciones políticas, Almería 2011, ISBN 9788469490761, pp. 355-368
46. ^ Manuel Rego Nieto, El carlismo orensano, Orense 1985, ISBN 9788450515046
47. ^ María Teresa de Borbón Parma, Josep Carles Clemente, Joaquín Cubero Sánchez, Don Javier, una vida al servicio de la libertad, Barcelona 1997, ISBN 9788401530180
48. ^ José Carlos Clemente, Carlos Hugo de Borbón Parma: Historia de una Disidencia, Barcelona 2001, ISBN 9788408040132
49. ^ Josep Carles Clemente, Carlos Hugo: la transición política del carlismo : documentos (1955-1980), Sevilla 2000, ISBN 8480100788
50. ^ Francisco Manuel Heras y Borrero, Carlos Hugo el Rey que no pudo ser: la lucha por el trono de España de Carlos Hugo de Borbón Parma, la última esperanza del carlismo, Madrid 2010, ISBN 9788495009999
51. ^ Eusebio Ferrer Hortet, María Teresa Puga García, Los reyes que nunca reinaron: los carlistas. Reyes o pretendientes al trono de España, Madrid 2001, ISBN 9788489644601
52. ^ Juan Balanso, La familia rival, Barcelona 1994, ISBN 9788408012474
53. ^ Josep Carles Clemente, La princesa roja, Madrid 2002, ISBN 9788427027930
54. ^ Ana Marín Fidaldo, Manuel M. Burgueño, In memoriam. Manuel J. Fal Conde (1894-1975), Sevilla 1980
55. ^ Ricardo Martínez de Salazar y Bascuñana, Manuel J. Fal Conde. La política como servicio de Dios y España, Cadiz 1998
56. ^ Josep Carles Clemente, Ultima entrevista a Fal Conde, [in:] Tiempo de Hístoria 4 (1978), pp. 13-23
57. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, José María Valiente Soriano: Una semblanza política [in:] Memoria y Civilización 2012 (15), pp. 249–265
58. ^ José Maria de Montells y Galán, La Otra Dinastia, 1833-1975, Madrid 1995, ISBN 8492001658
59. ^ Francisco de las Heras y Borrero, Un pretendiente desconocido. Carlos de Habsburgo. El otro candidato de Franco, Madrid 2004, ISBN 8497725565
60. ^ César Alcalá, Cruzadistas y carloctavistas: historia de una conspiración, Barcelona 2012, ISBN 9788493884253
61. ^ Francisco de las Heras y Borrero, El archiduque Carlos de Habsburgo-Lorena y de Borbón, [in:] Historia y Vida 180 (1983), pp. 26-35
62. ^ Iñigo Bolinaga Irasuegui, El carloctavismo, [in:] Historia 16/370 (2007), pp. 78-87
63. ^ Ferrán Sánchez Agustí, El Requetè contra Franco: el carloctavisme, [in:] Daniel Montañá Buchaca, Josep Rafart Canals (eds.) El carlisme ahir i avui, Berga 2013, ISBN 9788494101700, pp. 167-178
64. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, La vuelta del octavismo a la Comunión Tradicionalista, [in:] Aportes 77 (2011), pp. 85-96
65. ^ Jaime Ignacio del Burgo Tajadura (ed.), Jaime del Burgo. Una vida al servicio de la cultura, Madrid 2003, ISBN 9788496062207
66. ^ José Fermín Garralda Arizcun, Sin caer en el olvido. Jaime del Burgo Torres (1912-2005). Historiador polifacético en su tercer aniversario, [in:] Arbil 118 (2008)
67. ^ César Alcalá, D. Mauricio de Sivatte. Una biografía política (1901-1980), Barcelona 2001, ISBN 8493109797
68. ^ Joaquín Monserrat Cavaller, Joaquín Bau Nolla y la restauración de la Monarquía, Madrid 2001, ISBN 8487863949
69. ^ Alfonso Ballestero, José Ma de Oriol y Urquijo, Madrid 2014, ISBN, 9788483569160
70. ^ Antonio Zavala, Presentación, [in:] Antonio Zavala (ed.), Antonio Arrue. Idaztiak eta hitzaldiak, Bilbo 2008, ISBN 9788495438423, pp. XI-XXV
71. ^ Juan San Martin, Antonio Arrue, [in:] Egan 1/6 (1976), pp. 15–17
72. ^ Manuel Martorell Pérez, Antonio Arrue, Euskaltzaindiaren suspertzean lagundu zuen karlista, [in:] Euskera 56 (2011), pp. 847–872
73. ^ Pako Sudupe, Antonio Arrue: Euskaltzaindiaren eta Francoren erregimenaren laguntzaile, [in:] Euskera 57 (2012), pp. 823–838
74. ^ Alexandra Wilhelmsen, Francisco Javier de Lizarza Inda y la memoria histórica del Carlismo, [in:] Aportes: Revista de historia contemporánea, 22/65 (2007), pp. 4-22
75. ^ Miguel Piñeiro, O carlismo bovediano. Biografía de Carlos Bóveda (1933-2004), Ourense 2005, ISBN 9788460965862
76. ^ Francisco Carmona Fernandez, Cambios en la identidad católica: la juventud de Alfonso Carlos Comín, Madrid 1995
77. ^ José Martín Brocos Fernández, Una pequeña historia del Carlismo del siglo XX a través de tres semblanzas: Tomás Domínguez Arévalo, José María Arauz de Robles y Francisco Elías de Tejada [in:] Arbil, 120 (2009)
78. ^ Josep Miralles Climent, La rebeldía carlista. Memoria de una represión silenciada: Enfrentamientos, marginación y persecución durante la primera mitad del régimen franquista (1936-1955), Madrid 2018, ISBN 9788416558711
79. ^ Juan Carlos Peñas Bernaldo de Quirós, El Carlismo, la República y la Guerra Civil (1936-1937). De la conspiración a la unificación, Madrid 1996, ISBN 8487863523, 9788487863523
80. ^ Mercedes Peñalba Sotorrío, Entre la boina roja y la camisa azul, Estella 2013, ISBN 9788423533657
81. ^ Mercedes Peñalba Sotorrío, FET y de las JONS como fuente de disenso en el Franquismo a la luz del concepto "Resistenz", [in:] Ayer 126 (2022), pp. 79-105
82. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, El final de una ilusión. Auge y declive del tradicionalismo carlista (1957-1967), Madrid 2016, ISBN 9788416558407
83. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, Juanistas y carlistas: el intendio de unión monarquica de 1957, [in:] Aportes 57 (2005), pp. 77–93
84. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, El nuevo rumbo político del carlismo hacia la colaboración con el régimen (1955-56), [in:] Hispania 69 (2009), pp. 179–208
85. ^ Joaquín Cubero Sánchez, Los cambios organizativos en el carlismo, 1960-1972 (manurscipt), Gijón 1989
86. ^ Javier Lavardín, Historia del ultimo pretendiente a la corona de España, Paris 1976. "Javier Lavardín" is a pen-name; according to some scholars the person behind it is José Antonio Parilla, according to the others Ramón Massó
87. ^ Ramon Massó Tarruella, Otro rey para España: cronica del lanzamiento y fracaso de Carlos Hugo, Barcelona 2005 (no ISBN available], also his scaled down version, Ramón Massó, Otro rey era posible. Como rugió el poyecto Carlos Hugo, [in:] Miscellania Carlina, Solsona 2006, pp. 117-133
88. ^ Ignacio Ipiña, Sol en las bardas, Madrid 2010, ISBN 9788495735393
89. ^ Daniel Jesús García Riol, La resistencia tradicionalista a la renovación ideológica del carlismo (1965-1973) [PhD thesis UNED], Madrid 2015; the work develops earlier MA study of the author, Daniel Jesús García Riol, El Carlismo en la década de 1960: de la ilusión sucesoria a la oposición antifranquista [MA thesis UNED], Madrid 2010
90. ^ Josep Miralles Climent, El carlismo militante (1965-1980). Del tradicionalismo al socialismo autogestionario [PhD thesis Universidad Jaume I], Castellón 2015
91. ^ Joaquín Cubero Sánchez, El Partido Carlista. Oposición al Estado franquista y evolución ideológica (1968-1972), [in:] J. Tusell, A. Alted, A. Mateos (eds.), La oposición al régimen de Franco, Madrid 1990, ISBN 8436224957, pp. 399-407
92. ^ Ferran Sánchez-Agustí, Cristians, carlistes i comunistes, [in:] Fenomen religiós i carlisme. VII Seminari d’Historia del Carlisme, Solsona 2004, pp. 137-151
93. ^ Hillari Raguer i Suñer, Els postcarlistes, [in:] Fenomen religiós i carlisme. VII Seminari d’Historia del Carlisme, Solsona 2004, pp. 77-85
94. ^ Jaime Ignacio del Burgo Tajadura, El agónico final del carlismo, [in:] Cuadernos de pensamiento político 31 (2011), pp. 175-194
95. ^ Jaume Campas Fornols, Restaurante El Siglo. Una epopeia en la lluita antifranquista 1970-1977, [in:] Daniel Montañá Buchaca, Josep Rafart Canals (eds.) El carlisme ahir i avui, Berga 2013, ISBN 9788494101700, pp. 179-189
96. ^ Cristian Ferrer Gonzàlez, Los Carlismos de la Transición: las idiosincrasias carlistas frente al cambiopolítico (1973-1979), [in:] Juan Carlos Colomes Rubio, Javier Esteve Marti, Melanie Ibanez Domingo (eds.), Ayer y hoy. Debates, historiografia y didactica de la historia, Valencia 2015, ISBN 9788460658740, pp. 151-155
97. ^ Juan Carlos Senent Sansegundo, El carlismo entre el tardofranquismo y la democracia: la redefinición ideológica [PhD thesis UNED], s.l. 2021
98. ^ Juan Carlos Senent Sansegundo, Adhesiones y disensiones en el carlismo (1968-1980), [in:] Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea 46/1 (2024), pp. 143-161
99. ^ José-Ángel Zubiaur Alegre, José-Ángel Zubiaur Carreño, Elecciones a Procuradores familiares en Navarra en 1971, [in:] Aportes 27/79 (2012), pp. 147-167
100. ^ Ramón Rodón Guinjoan, Una aproximación al estudio de la Hermandad Nacional Monárquica del Maestrazgo y del Partido Social Regionalista, [in:] Aportes 88 (2015), pp. 169-201
101. ^ José María de Domingo-Arnau, Operación Maestrazgo, Ulldecona 1998
102. ^ Ricardo de la Cierva, Historia del Franquismo: Aislamiento, transformación, agonía (1945-1975) Barcelona 1978, ISBN 8432056464
103. ^ Ricardo de la Cierva, Historia general de España: Franquismo y transición 1981
104. ^ Ricardo de la Cierva, La derecha sin remedio (1801-1987): de la prisión de Jovellanos al martirio de Fraga 1987
105. ^ José Luis Rodríguez Jiménez, Reaccionarios y golpistas: la extrema derecha en España: del tardofranquismo a la consolidación de la democracia, 1967-1982, Madrid 1994, ISBN 9788400074425
106. ^ José Luis Rodríguez Jiménez, La extrema derecha en España: del tardofranquismo a la consolidación de la democracia (1957-1982) Madrid 1997, ISBN 9788420628875
107. ^ Ferrán Gallego, Nostalgia y modernización. La extrema derecha española entre la crisis final del franquismo y la consolidación de la democracia (1973-1986), [in:] Ayer 71 (2008), pp. 13-24
108. ^ Xavier Casals i Meseguer, La renovación de la ultraderecha española: una historia generacional (1966-2008), [in:] Historia y política: Ideas, procesos y movimientos sociales 22 (2009), pp. 233-258
109. ^ the series consisted of 5 lectures, either highly repetitive or focused on minor episodes: Manuel Martorell, Carlismo frente a franquismo, José Ángel Zubiaur, Cortes Trashumantes. Los orígenes de la Transición, Rosa Marina Errea, Javier María Pascual: con él llegó el escándalo, Juan Francisco Cerrillo Mansilla, SOS Biafra. Los inicios de la solidaridad internacional, Carlos Muntión, Monasterio de Valvanera: Expulsión de Carlos Hugo y radicalización del carlismo, see e.g. here
110. ^ Juan Carlos Senent Sansegundo, La izquierda revolucionaria y el Partido Carlista, [in:] Historia del Presente 36 (2020), pp. 181-200
111. ^ Juan Carlos Senent Sansegundo, La Comunión Tradicionalista (CT): de su formación a la unidad de los tradicionalistas (1975-1986), [in:] Investigaciones históricas: Época moderna y contemporánea 42 (2022), pp. 1233-1260
112. ^ Nicola Del Corno, Federalismo e socialismo autogestionario. La “clarificación” carlista durante la Transizione, [in:] Spagna contemporanea 35 (2009), pp. 51-76.
113. ^ Manuel Martorell, Josep Miralles Climent, Carlismo y represión "franquista": tres estudios sobre la Guerra Civil y la posguerra, Madrid 2009, ISBN 9788495735386
114. ^ Juan Pablo Calero Delso, Partido carlista o partido unico, [in:] Comunicación presentada en el V Encuentro de Historiadores sobre el Franquismo, CD release edited by Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 2003
115. ^ Joan Maria Thomàs, Franquistas contra franquistas. Luchas por el poder en la cúpula del régimen de Franco, Barcelona 2016, ISBN 9788499926346
116. ^ Jesús María Zaratiegui Labiano, Alberto García Velasco, José Luis Arrese, ¿falangista o tradicionalista?, [in:] Studia historica. Historia contemporánea 35 (2017), pp. 497-519
117. ^ Juan Cruz Alli Aranguren, El carlismo en el franquismo. Del colaboracionismo a la clarificación ideológica, [in:] Espacio, tiempo y forma 33 (2021), p. 233-254
118. ^ Martin Blinkhorn, Tradicionalisme, Populisme i Socialisme: la causa carlina, 1931-1981, [in:] L’Avenc 154 (1991), pp. 56-65
119. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, Francisco Javier Caspistegui, Tradicionalismo y política. Orígenes y evolución hasta el régimen de Franco, [in:] La política conservadora en la España contemporanes, 1868-1982, Madrid 1991
120. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada Tiffe, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Del ‘Dios, Patria, Rey’ al socialismo autogestionario: fragmentación ideológica y ocaso del carlismo entre el franquismo y la transición, [in:] Javier Tusell Gómez, Álvaro Soto Carmona (eds), Historia de la transición y consolidación democrática en España (1975-1986), vol. 1, Madrid 1995, ISBN 8436233158, pp. 309-329
121. ^ Jeremy MacClancy, Aspectos de la evolución carlista durante el franquismo, [in:] Mito y realidad en la historia de Navarra, Pamplona 1998, pp. 205-216
122. ^ Jacek Bartyzel, Don Carlos Marx, Wroclaw 2011, ISBN 9788393274116; see also the earlier version, Jacek Bartyzel, “Don Carlos Marx”. Studium przypadku rewolucyjnej transgresji tradycjonalizmu w socjalizm w hiszpańskim karlizmie, [in:] Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia V/4 (2010), pp. 65-95
123. ^ Josep Carles Clemente Muñoz, Raros, heterodoxos, disidentes y vinetas del carlismo, Madrid 1995, ISBN 9788424507077
124. ^ Josep Carles Clemente Muñoz, Seis estudios sobre el carlismo, Madrid 1999, ISBN 9788483741528
125. ^ Josep Carles Clemente Muñoz, Diccionario histórico del carlismo, Tafalla 2006, ISBN 9788476814987
126. ^ Josep Carles Clemente Muñoz, Breve historia de las guerras carlistas, Madrid 2011, ISBN 9788499671710
127. ^ Josep Carles Clemente Muñoz, Los días fugaces: el carlismo : de las guerras civiles a la transición democrática, Cuenca 2013, ISBN 9788495414243
128. ^ Rafael Gambra, Tradicion o mimetismo: La encrucijada politica del presente, Madrid 1976, ISBN 978-8425905865
129. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, El tradicionalismo carlista ante la libertad religiosa, [in:] Investigaciones históricas: Época moderna y contemporáne 37 (2017), pp. 480-509
130. ^ Carlos Hugo de Borbón Parma, La via carlista al socialismo autogestionario: el proyecto carlista de socialismo democrático, Barcelona 1977, ISBN 8425309026
131. ^ Miguel Ayuso Torres, La filosofía jurídica y política de Francisco Elías de Tejada, Madrid 1994, ISBN 9788460495727
132. ^ Angel Sanchez de la Torre (ed.), Francisco Elías de Tejada, Madrid 1995, ISBN 8486926890; Bernardino Montejano, Las Españas Americanas según Elías de Tejada, pp. 109-119, Emilio Suñe Llinas, Filosofía política y ciencia política: en homenaje a Francisco Elías de Tejada, pp. 25-48, Pablo Badillo O’Farrell, Elías de Tejada como historiador de las ideas políticas, pp. 1-4, José Francisco Lorca Navarrete, La tradición andaluza según Elías de Tejada, pp. 103-108, Juan Vallet de Goytisolo, Elías de Tejada, filósofo de la sociedad, pp. 11-24, Miguel Ayuso Torres, Los fueros en el pensamiento jurídico y político de Elías de Tejada, pp. 61-73, Juan Antonio Sardina Páramo, Mis recuerdos personales de Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spinola, pp. 49-55, Consuelo Martínez-Siduna y Sepúlveda, La antinomia Europa-España según Elías de Tejada, pp. 75-93, Evaristo Palomar Maldonado, La Monarquía Tradicional en el pensamiento de Elías de Tejada, pp. 177-196
133. ^ Estanislao Cantero Núñez, Francisco Elías de Tejada y la tradición española, [in:] Anales de la Fundación Francisco Elías de Tejada 1 (1995), pp. 123–163, Miguel Ayuso Torres, Un aporte para el estudio de la filosofía jurídico-política en la España de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, [in:] Anales de la Fundación Francisco Elías de Tejada 5 (1999), pp. 67-86, Samuele Cecotti, Francisco Elías de Tejada. Europa, Tradizione, Libertà, [in:] Anales de la Fundación Francisco Elías de Tejada 11 (2005), pp. 205-211, Miguel Ayuso Torres, Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola, 30 años después, [in:] Anales de la Fundación Francisco Elías de Tejada, 14 (2008), pp. 15–21
134. ^ Vladimir Lamsdorff Galagane, Tratado de filosofía del Derecho por Francisco Elías de Tejada, [in:] Revista de Estudios Políticos 200-201 (1975), pp. 295-301, José Francisco Lorca Navarette, Las asociaciones intermedias en el pensamiento de Elías de Tejada, [in:]Verbo 165-166 (1978), pp. 517-527, Juan Vallet de Goytisolo, Plenitud de perspectiva y dimensión de los saberes en el pensamiento de Francisco Elías de Tejada, [in:] Verbo 171-172 (1979), pp. 13-19, Juan Vallet de Goytisolo, Esbozo del pensamiento jurídico de Elías de Tejada, [in:] Verbo 191-192 (1981), pp. 105-120, Gonzalo Díaz Díaz, Francisco Elías de Tejada, [in:] Hombres y documentos de la filosofía española, vol. III (E-G), Madrid 1988, pp. 22-28, Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora, Elías de Tejada, el hombre y sus libros, [in:] Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola (1917-1977) [sic!]. El hombre y la obra, Madrid 1989, Miguel Ayuso Torres, Francisco Elías de Tejada en la ciencia juridico-politica hispana, [in:] Revista de estudios extremeños, 1994 50/2, pp. 423–444, Julio Cienfuegos Linares, Sobre Elías de Tejada en la distancia, [in:] Revista de estudios extremeños 52/1 (1996), pp. 223-244, Giovanni Turco, Le libertates e la liberté nel realismo giusfilosofico di Elías de Tejada, [in:] Piero di Vona (ed.), Napoli e Le Spagne, Napoli 1998, ISBN 889000424X, pp. 75-100, José Manuel Cuenca Toribio, Un defensor de la tradición: Elías de Tejada, [in:] José Manuel Cuenca Toribio, Intelectuales y políticos contemporáneos, Sevilla 2000, ISBN 9788447206346, pp. 119-126, Francesco M. Di Giovine, Il Pensiero Tradizionalista nell’opera di Francisco Elías de Tejada, [in:] Quaderni degli Incontri Tradizionalista di Civitella del Tronto 2002, pp. 5-35, Jacek Bartyzel, Libertades concretas i libertad cristiana en el pensamiento de los maestros del tradicionalismo: Francisco Elías de Tejada, Rafael Gambra y Álvaro d’Ors, [paper delivered at Maestros del tradicionalismo hispánico de la segunda mitad del siglo XX conference], Madrid 2014, Jacek Bartyzel, Tradycjonalizm a dyktatura. Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola wobec frankizmu, [in:] Marek Maciejewski, Tomasz Scheffler (eds.), Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 36/2 (2014), pp. 7-33
135. ^ Miguel Ayuso Torres, Koinos: el pensamiento politico de Rafael Gambra, Madrid 1998, ISBN 9788473440424
136. ^ Anales de la Fundación Francisco Elías de Tejada 10 (2004): Carmelo López-Arias Montenegro, Rafael Gambra y el sentido del tiempo, pp. 166–169, Luis Hernando de Larramendi, Los Gambra y los Larramendi: una mistad carlista, pp. 171–174, Miguel Ayuso Torres, Rafael Gambra en el pensamiento tradicional español, pp. 162–164, Víctor Ibáñez, Rafael Gambra y las Juventudes Tradicionalistas, pp. 164–166 Miguel Ayuso Torres, In memoriam. Álvaro D'Ors y el tradicionalismo (A propósito de una polémica final), pp. 183–197, José de Armas, Fidelidad a los principios y lealtad a las personas Rafael Gambra en mi personal "Camino de Damasco", pp. 169–171, Manuel de Santa Cruz [Alberto Ruiz de Galarreta], Rafael Gambra. un hombre cabal, pp. 174–179
137. ^ Miguel Ayuso Torres, El tradicionalismo de Gambra, [in:] Razón española: Revista bimestral de pensamiento 89 (1998), pp. 305–311, Francisco Canals Vidal, Rafael Gambra y la deformación nacionalista, [in:] Verbo 421-422 (2004), pp. 24–30, Edualdo Forment, Rafael Gambra, [in:] Manuel Garrido, Nelson R. Orringer, Luis M. Váldes, Margarita M. Váldes (eds.), El legado filosófico español e hispanoamericano del siglo XX, Madrid 2009, ISBN 9788437625973, pp. 422–424, Julio Alvear Téllez, Rafael Gambra: una denuncia profética, la libertad religiosa, la tradición de los clérigos y la agonía de la ciudad humana, [in:] Verbo 473-474 (2009), pp. 225–242, Julio César Alvear Téllez, La comprensión del Estado laico y de la secularización del poder político según Lellinek, Gauchet, Schmitt y Gambra, [in:] Revista de Derecho de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso 43 (2014), pp. 765–799
138. ^ Jacek Bartyzel, Nic bez Boga, nic wbrew tradycji, Radzymin 2015, ISBN 9788360748732; see also on Traditionalism and totalitarianisms, Jacek Bartyzel, Tradycjonalizm (hiszpański) wobec faszyzmu, hitleryzmu i totalitaryzmu, [in:] Pro Fide Rege et Lege 1/71 (2013), pp. 13-32
139. ^ Jorge Novella Suarez, El pensamiento reaccionario español 1812-1975, Madrid 2007, ISBN 9788497425483
140. ^ Pedro Carlos González Cuevas, El pensamiento político de la derecha española en el siglo XX, Madrid 2005, ISBN 9788430942237
141. ^ Pedro Carlos González Cuevas, Tradicionalismo, [in:] Javier Fernández Sebastián (ed.), Diccionario político y social del siglo XX español, Madrid 2008, ISBN 9788420687698, pp. 1163-1173
142. ^ Alvaro Rodríguez Núñez, Franquismo y tradicionalismo. La legitimación teórica del franquismo en la teoría política tradicionalista [PhD thesis Universidade de Santiago de Compostela], Santiago de Compostela 2014
143. ^ Jeremy MacClancy, The Decline of Carlism, Reno 2000, ISBN 978-0874173444
144. ^ Jeremy MacClancy, An anthropological approach to carlist ritual: Montejurra during francoism, [in:] Violencias fraticidas. Jornadas de Estudio del Carlismo, Estella 2009, ISBN 9788423531653, pp. 299–322
145. ^ Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Del „Dios, Patria, Rey” al „Socialismo, Federalismo, Autogestión”: dos momentos del carlismo a través de Montejurra (1963 y 1974), [in:] III Congreso General de Historia de Navarra, Pamplona 1997, pp. 309-329, Gemma Pierola Narvarte, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Entre la ideología y lo cotidiano: la familia en el carlismo y el tradicionalismo (1940-1975), [in:] Vasconia: cuadernos de historia-geografía 28 (1999), pp. 45-56, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Los matices de la modernización durante el franquismo, [in:] Abdón Mateos López, Angel Herrerín López (eds.), La España del presente: de la dictadura a la democracia, Madrid 2006, ISBN 8461108795, pp. 251-270, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, La construcción de un proyecto cultural tradicionalista-carlista en los inicios del franquismo, [in:] Alvaro Ferrary Ojeda, Antonio Cañellas (eds.), El régimen de Franco: unas perspectivas de análisis, Madrid 2012, ISBN 9788431328535, pp. 93-148, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Montejurra, la construcción de un símbolo, [in:] Historia contemporánea 47 (2013), pp. 527-557
146. ^ historiography of the so-called "Montejurra events" of 1976 is not covered here, as it does not relate to the Francoist period
147. ^ Josep Carles Clemente, Montejurra: el monte para la eternidad. Historia de una oposición al franquismo, [in:] Tiempo de Historia 4/43 (1978), pp. 12-27
148. ^ Manuel Martorell, El carlismo se echa al monte: la expulsión de España de la familia Borbón Parma indigna al tradicionalismo, que expresa su disgusto en Montejurra, [in:] Juan Carlos Laviana, Daniel Arjona, Silvia Fernández (eds.), España, en estado de excepción: 1969, Madrid 2006, ISBN 8489192871, pp. 60-69
149. ^ Juan Carlos Senent Sansegundo, La festividad de los Mártires de la Tradición durante el franquismo, [in:] Revista Historia Autonoma 16 (2020), pp. 139-157
150. ^ Joaquín Cubero Sanchez, La prensa carlista clandestina siendo jefe delagado don Manuel Fal Conde, [in:] Aportes 27 (1995), pp. 79–96, Joaquín Cubero, La prensa carlista de Cataluña durante la dictadura franquista, [in:] Josep María Solé i Sabaté (ed.), Literatura, cultura i carlisme. III Seminari sobre carlisme, Barcelona 1995, ISBN 8478097929, pp. 275-314
151. ^ Josep Carles Clemente, El carlismo en su prensa (1931-1972), Madrid 1999, ISBN 8424508157
152. ^ Cristina Alquézar Villaroya, Esfuerzo Común: una revista carlista de oposición al régimen franquista (1960-1974), [in:] Jeronimo Zurita 88 (2013), pp. 297-316
153. ^ Antonio Manuel Moral Roncal, Cine y docencia universitaria de Historia Contemporánea. Un caso concreto: el carlismo, [in:] Carlos Forcadell Álvarez, Carmen Frías Corredor, Ignacio Peiró Martín, Pedro Víctor Rújula López (eds.), Usos públicos de la Historia: Comunicaciones al VI Congreso de la Asociación de Historia Contemporánea, Zaragoza 2002, pp. 721-730, Antonio Manuel Moral Roncal, El Carlismo en la cinematografía española: la frustración en la victoria, [in:] Spagna contemporanea 22 (2002), pp. 25-40; There are many articles which deal with Carlist threads though focus on specific works and are by default ignored here, e.g. Berta Lluis Vila, "La Punyalada": comparacio de la novella amb la pellicula [research paper IES], Olot 2010, or Ibon Egaña Etxeberria, La memoria como identidad en el cine de Julio Medem: Vacas y Los amantes del círculo polar, [in:] Siglos XX y XXI; Memoria del I. Congreso Internacional de Literatura y Cultura Españolas Contemporaneas, San Sebastián 2011, or Zigoe Etxebeste Gómez, Julio Medem, a través del espejo de la realidad, [in:] Ikusgaiak 6 (2003), pp. 117-134
154. ^ Martin Blinkhorn, Elites in search of the masses. The Traditionalist Communion and the Carlist Party, [in:] Frances Lannon, Paul Preston (eds.), Elites and power in Twentieth-Century Spain, Oxford 1990, pp. 179-201
155. ^ Cándida Calvo Vicente, La fiesta pública durante el franquismo. Instrumento socializador del tradicionalismo en Gipúzcoa, 1936-1951, [in:] I Encuentro de Invetigadores del Franquismo, Barcelona 1992, pp. 175-178
156. ^ Josep Miralles Climent, Aspectos de la cultura política del carlismo en el siglo XX, [in:] Espacio, tiempo y forma 17 (2005), pp. 147-174
157. ^ Javier Onrubia Rebuelta, De la resistencia carlista a la dictadura de Franco, los „Grupos de Acción Carlista” (G.A.C.), Madrid 2001, ISBN 9788475600482
158. ^ Josep Carles Clemente, La insurgencia carlista los grupos armados del carlismo: el Requeté, los G.A.C. y las F.A.R.C., Cuenca 2016, ISBN 9788416373031
159. ^ Jeremy MacClancy, GAC, Militant Carlist Activism, 1968–1972, [in:] Essays in Basque social Anthropology and History, Reno 1989, ISBN 1877802026, 9781877802027, pp. 177–185
160. ^ José María Ildefonso Porro Sánz, Nota sobre los GAC (Grupos de Acción Carlista), [in:] Cuadernos de Historia del Carlismo 11 (1999)
161. ^ Javier Cubero de Vicente, El Movimiento Obrero Tradicionalista (1963-1969), [in:] Daniel Montañà Buchaca, Josep Rafart Canals (eds.), Estat carlista: tradició i furs, Avía 2014, ISBN 9788494101724, pp. 207-222
162. ^ Josep Miralles Climent, Estudiantes y obreros carlistas durante la dictadura franquista. La AET, el MOT y la FOS, Madrid 2007, ISBN 9788495735331
163. ^ Mercedes Vázquez de Prada Tiffe, La agrupación de Estudiantes Tradicionalistas y la renovación ideológica del carlismo en los años cincuenta, [in:] VI Congreso de Historia de Navarra. Mito y realidad en la Historia de Navarra, vol. 1, Pamplona 1998, pp. 219-232
164. ^ Arturo Juncosa, L’organització del moviment universitari carlí durant els anys quaranta, [in:] Carlisme, foralisme i questió nacional, Solsona 2002, pp. 206-216
165. ^ Javier Onrubia Rebuelta, El debate ideológico en el seno del Partido Carlista: las Fuerzas Activas Revolucionarias Carlistas (FARC) 1971-1975, [in:] Cuadernos de Historia del carlismo 8 (1999), Javier Onrubia Rebuelta, Notas para una historia de las "Fuerzas Activas Revolucionarias Carlistas" (F.A.R.C.), 1971-1973, Madrid 2003, ISBN 8475600824
166. ^ Salvadór Nonell i Bru, Diario de amor y paz: historia de la Hermandad del Tercio de Requetés de Ntra. Sra. de Montserrat (1939-2000), Barcelona 2001
167. ^ Víctor Javier Ibáñez, Una resistencia olvidada. Tradicionalistas mártires del terrorismo, s.l. 2017
168. ^ Daniel Jesús García Riol, Las mujeres de un carlismo en transición, [in:] Espacio, tiempo y forma 28 (2016), pp. 257-281
169. ^ Josep Miralles Climent, La dona carlista Durant el franquisme i la transició: tres casos significatius de la Plana, [in:] VI Congrés d'Història i Filologia de la Plana, Nules 2000
170. ^ Manuel Santa Cruz [Alberto Ruiz de Galarreta], Apuntes y documentos para la Historia del Tradicionalismo Español, vols. 1-29, various editors and years
171. ^ Josep Carles Clemente, El Carlismo en la España de Franco: Bases Documentales 1936-1977, Madrid 1994, ISBN 9788424506704
172. ^ including the work that Clemente has written about himself, see Josep Carles Clemente, Javier Onrubia Rebuelta, Josep Carles Clemente, historiador del carlismo, Madrid 2005, ISBN 8475600883
173. ^ María Cruz Rubio Liniers, María Talavera Díaz, El carlismo, Madrid 2012, ISBN 9788400090135, pp. 182-192
174. ^ Luis Hernando de Larramendi, Situación actual de estudios sobre el carlismo, [in:] Stanley G. Payne (ed.), Identidad y nacionalismo en la España contemporánea: el carlismo, 1833-1975, Madrid 2001, ISBN 8487863469, pp. 173-180
175. ^ Manuel Martorell-Perez, Nuevas aportaciones históricas a la evolución ideológica del carlismo, [in:] Gerónimo de Uztariz, 16 (2000), pp. 95-108
176. ^ Eduardo González Calleja, Historiografía reciente sobre el carlismo: ¿el retorno de la argumentación política?, [in:] Ayer 38 (2000), pp. 275-288
177. ^ Carolyn P. Boyd, Comments on Carlist Scholarship, [in:] Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, John Radzilowski (eds.), Spanish Carlism and Polish Nationalism: The Borderlands of Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries, Charlottesville 2003, ISBN 9781412834933, pp. 119-124
178. ^ Fernando Molina Aparicio, Los desequilibrios del carlismo: a propósito de varios libros recientes, [in:] Ayer 72 (2008), pp. 275-286
179. ^ Jordi Canal, El carlisme: notes històriques i historiogràfiques, [in:] Lluc: revista de cultura i d'idees 877 (2011), pp. 16-19
180. ^ Cain Somé Laserna, El carlismo andaluz: estado de la cuestion, [in:] Alberto González González (ed.), No es país para jovenes, Granada 2012, ISBN 9788498606362
181. ^ Ignacio Olábarri Gortázar, Bibliografia reciente sobre la historia del carlismo, [in:] Memoria y civilización 17 (2014), pp. 151-157
182. ^ Alfonso Bullón de Mendoza, La parcialidad de los historiadores españoles, [in:] John Vincent, Introducción a la Historia para gente inteligente, Madrid 2013, ISBN 9788497391351, pp. 9-38; it partially stems from his earlier Jordi Canal, El Carlismo [review], [in:] Aportes 45 (2001), p. 155
183. ^ José Luis Martínez Sanz, Historiadores e historiografía sobre el Carlismo: la difícil frontera entre política y ciencia, [in:] Aportes: Revista de historia contemporánea 17/49 (2002), pp. 110-129
184. ^ Martin Blinkhorn, Algunas consideraciones sobre el carlismo navarro, [in:] Principe de Viana. Congreso General de Historia de Navarra. 5. Comunicaciones, Pamplona 1986, pp. 67-72
185. ^ Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Historia oral, inmaterial e intrahistoria en la recuperación de la memoria colectiva de la Navarra rural, [in:] Geronimo de Uztariz 23/24 (2008), pp. 209-218

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