Hollandic dialect

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Dialect of Dutch

Hollandic (in dark red) within the Low Franconian-speaking area in Belgium, the Netherlands, France and Germany

Hollandic or Hollandish (Dutch: Hollands [ˈɦɔlɑnts]) is the most widely spoken dialect of the Dutch language. Hollandic is among the Central Dutch dialects. Other important language varieties of spoken Low Franconian languages are Brabantian, Flemish (East Flemish, West Flemish), Zeelandic, Limburgish and Surinamese Dutch.

## History

[edit]

Originally in the later County of Holland, Old Frisian or a related Ingvaeonic dialect was spoken.[1] There is no evidence for the theory that migrating Low Franconian settlers were responsible for the change to Old Dutch in the 12th and 13th centuries.[2] Instead, long-term language contact between Frisian speakers and Frankish speakers before the 12th century could have led to a Hollandic dialect that was partly Low Franconian and partly influenced by Frisian.[1]

In the 16th century, Dutch was standardised, with the Brabantian dialect of Antwerp being the most influential one, according to many linguists.[citation needed]

During the Eighty Years' War, especially after 1585, the Sack of Antwerp and the 1580s successes of the Duke of Parma made between 100,000 and 200,000 of Brabantish and Flemish, many Calvinist, settle in the cities of Holland proper.[citation needed] The refugees caused a mixture of their dialects with those of the people who were already there. The new language replaced most of the original Hollandic dialects with Brabantian influences and further diluted the Frisian influences on Dutch.[citation needed]

That certainly slowed linguistic change by the influence on spoken language of the very conservative written standard. As a result, Standard Dutch has kept many features of late-16th-century Brabantian.[citation needed]

This article is a part of a series on

Dutch

* Languages of the Netherlands
* Dutch dialects
* Afrikaans

Low Saxon dialects

* Northern Low Saxon
* Gronings
* Westphalian
* Achterhooks
* Drèents
* Veluws
* Sallaands
* Stellingwarfs
* Tweants

West Low Franconian dialects

* West Flemish/French Flemish
* East Flemish
* Zeelandic
* Central Dutch
* Hollandic
* Kleverlandish
* Surinamese Dutch
* Brabantian
* Antwerpian
* Brusselian
* Stadsfries
* Bildts

East Low Franconian dialects

* Limburgish
* Southeast Limburgish

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## Distance from standard language

[edit]

The colloquial Dutch in Holland proper (the area of the old County of Holland), particularly the Hollandic now spoken in some urban areas, is closer to Standard Dutch than anywhere else.

## Shades of other dialects

[edit]

In Friesland, Hollandic is spoken on Terschelling only. In the north of North Holland, especially in the region of West Friesland, and in parts of South Holland such as Scheveningen, Katwijk and other coastal places, the original West Frisian substratum of the Hollandic dialect is still an important part of the local West Frisian dialect group.

In Zaanstreek (central North Holland), a traditional region, the old Hollandic dialect, Zaans, is still found but with little West Frisian influence. Some words are similar because of the influence of migrating West Frisian farmers in the 13th to the 15th centuries. Zaans can be seen as one of the few (together with Westfries) and oldest original Hollandic dialects and is still spoken today, like the old Waterlands dialect, which exists as well in Volendam. Both Zaans and Waterlands are unintelligible[citation needed] for someone who does not come from that region in North Holland. However, people who speak Zaans, West Frisian or Waterlands are able to understand one another better than outsiders because all three dialects use similar words.

On the South Holland island of Goeree-Overflakkee, Zeelandic is spoken. In the east and south, the Hollandic dialects gradually become Brabantian respectively Kleverlandish. Utrechts-Alblasserwaards, spoken in the area immediately east of the coastal districts, is considered to be a subdialect of Hollandic or a separate dialect.

## List of subdialects

[edit]

* Amsterdams
* Kennemerlands
* Huizers
* South Hollandic (Dutch: Zuid-Hollands; spoken in the southern part of the Hollandic-speaking area)
* Utrechts-Alblasserwaards
* Waterlands and Volendams
* West Frisian Dutch
* Westhoeks
* Westlands
* Zaans

## Related varieties

[edit]

* Bildts, Midslands, Stadsfries, and Amelands can be grouped with Frisian varieties of Friesland.[3] The closest cluster to this cluster is that formed by Westerkwartier and Stellingwerf.[4]
* Hollandic, Zeelandic and West-Veluws can be grouped as Centraal westelijke dialecten.[5]
* Among those, not only Hollandic borders to Centraal zuidelijke dialecten, which encompasses Brabantic and parts of Northern Dutch Limburg and Northern Belgium Limburg.[6]
* The group, but not Hollandic, borders to non-Groningian Low Saxon and Flemish dialects[7]
* The dialect of Urk is closest to the group.[8]
* The clusters grouping with the group including Hollandic are:

Zuidwest-Limburg and Centraal zuidelijke dialecten as well as Tienen[9]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2017). The Dawn of Dutch: Language contact in the Western Low Countries before 1200. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
2. ^ Dijkstra, M.F.P. (2011). Rondom de mondingen van Rijn & Maas: landschap en bewoning tussen de 3e en 9e eeuw in Zuid-Holland, in het bijzonder de Oude Rijnstreek. Amsterdam.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
3. ^ Nerbonne, John. "De analyse van taalvariatie in het Nederlandse dialectgebied methoden en resultaten op basis van lexicon en uitspraak".
4. ^ Nerbonne, John. "De analyse van taalvariatie in het Nederlandse dialectgebied methoden en resultaten op basis van lexicon en uitspraak".
5. ^ Nerbonne, John. "De analyse van taalvariatie in het Nederlandse dialectgebied methoden en resultaten op basis van lexicon en uitspraak".
6. ^ Nerbonne, John. "De analyse van taalvariatie in het Nederlandse dialectgebied methoden en resultaten op basis van lexicon en uitspraak".
7. ^ Nerbonne, John. "De analyse van taalvariatie in het Nederlandse dialectgebied methoden en resultaten op basis van lexicon en uitspraak".
8. ^ Nerbonne, John. "De analyse van taalvariatie in het Nederlandse dialectgebied methoden en resultaten op basis van lexicon en uitspraak".
9. ^ Nerbonne, John. "De analyse van taalvariatie in het Nederlandse dialectgebied methoden en resultaten op basis van lexicon en uitspraak".

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Languages and dialects of Benelux

* Dutch
* Brabantian
* Central Dutch
* Hollandic
* East Flemish
* Kleverlandish
* West Flemish
* Zeelandic
* Stadsfries
* English
* French
* Belgian French
* Champenois
* Lorrain
* Picard
* Walloon
* High German
* Standard High German
* Ripuarian
* Limburgish
* Low German
* Northern Low Saxon
* Gronings
* Westphalian
* Achterhoeks
* Drèents
* Sallands
* Stellingwarfs
* Tweants
* Urkers
* Veluws
* Luxembourgish
* Papiamento
* West Frisian

Sign languages|

* Deutsche Gebärdensprache, DGS
* Langue des signes Francophone de Belgique, LSFB
* Nederlandse Gebarentaal, NGT
* Vlaamse Gebarentaal, VGT

* Languages of Belgium
* Languages of the Netherlands
* Languages of Luxembourg

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Germanic languages

According to contemporary philology

West

| Anglo-Frisian|

| Anglic|

* English
* dialects
* Old English
* Middle English
* Modern English
* Early Modern English
* Irish Middle English
* Fingallian
* Kildare
* Yola
* Scots
* Early Scots
* Middle Scots

|

Frisian|

| Historical forms|

* Old Frisian
* Middle Frisian

|

East Frisian|

* Ems
* Saterland Frisian
* Weser
* Wangerooge Frisian
* Wursten Frisian
* Harlingerland Frisian

North Frisian|

* Insular
* Eiderstedt
* Föhr–Amrum
* Föhr
* Amrum
* Heligolandic
* Sylt
* Mainland
* Bökingharde
* Mooring
* Halligen
* Goesharde
* Northern
* Central
* Southern
* Karrharde
* Strand
* Wiedingharde

West Frisian|

* Hindeloopen
* Schiermonnikoog
* Westlauwers–Terschellings
* Mainland West Frisian
* Clay Frisian
* Wood Frisian
* Westereendersk
* Terschelling

Low German|

| Historical forms|

* Old Saxon
* Middle Low German

|

West Low German|

* Dutch Low Saxon
* Stellingwarfs
* Tweants
* Gronings
* Drèents
* Gelders-Overijssels
* Achterhooks
* Sallaans
* Urkers
* Veluws
* Northern Low Saxon
* East Frisian Low Saxon
* Eastphalian
* Westphalian

East Low German|

* Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
* Brandenburgisch
* Central Pomeranian
* East Pomeranian
* Low Prussian
* Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German

Low Franconian|

| Historical forms|

* Frankish
* Old Dutch
* Middle Dutch

|

Standard variants|

* Dutch
* Afrikaans (Kaaps)

West Low Franconian|

* Central Dutch
* Hollandic
* West Flemish
* French Flemish
* Zeelandic
* East Flemish
* Brabantian
* Kleverlandish

* Surinamese Dutch
* Jersey Dutch
* Mohawk Dutch
* Stadsfries/Bildts/Amelands/Midslands

East Low Franconian|

* Limburgish

Cover groups|

* Bergish
* Meuse-Rhenish

High German|

| Historical forms|

* Old High German
* Middle High German
* New High German
* Early New High German

|

Standard German|

* German Standard German
* Austrian Standard German
* Swiss Standard German

Non-standard variants
and creoles|

* Namibian German
* Namibian Black German
* Berlinerisch
* Unserdeutsch
* Barossa German
* Rotwelsch
* Lotegorisch
* Yenish
* Yiddish
* Eastern
* Western
* Scots Yiddish
* Klezmer-loshn
* Lachoudisch

Central German|

| West Central German|

* Central Franconian
* Ripuarian
* Colognian
* Southeast Limburgish
* Moselle Franconian
* Luxembourgish
* Transylvanian Saxon
* Hunsrückisch
* Hunsrik
* Rhine Franconian
* Lorraine Franconian
* Palatine
* Volga German
* Pennsylvania Dutch
* Hessian
* Central Hessian
* Amana German

|

East Central German|

* Thuringian
* Upper Saxon
* Erzgebirgisch
* Lusatian
* Silesian German
* High Prussian
* Wymysorys
* Halcnovian

Upper German|

* Alemannic in the broad sense
* Low Alemannic
* Alsatian
* Coloniero
* High Alemannic
* Swiss German
* Highest Alemannic
* Walser German
* Swabian
* Bavarian
* Northern Bavarian
* Central Bavarian
* Viennese German
* Southern Bavarian
* South Tyrolean
* Cimbrian
* Mòcheno
* Hutterite German
* Gottscheerish
* South Franconian
* East Franconian
* Vogtlandian
* Langobardic

North and East

| North|

| Historical forms|

* Proto-Norse
* Old Norse
* Old West Norse
* Old East Norse
* Old Gutnish

|

West|

* Norwegian
* Bergensk
* Kebabnorsk
* Sognamål
* Trøndersk
* Valdris
* Vestlandsk
* Vikværsk
* Bokmål (written)
* Nynorsk (written)
* Old Norwegian
* Middle Norwegian
* Faroese
* Icelandic
* Old Icelandic
* Middle Icelandic
* Greenlandic Norse
* Norn

East|

* Swedish
* Swedish dialects
* Rinkebysvenska
* Danish
* Danish dialects
* Insular Danish
* Jutlandic
* South Jutlandic
* East Danish
* Bornholmsk
* Scanian
* Southern Schleswig Danish
* Gøtudanskt
* Perkerdansk
* Old Danish
* Middle Danish
* Dalecarlian
* Elfdalian

* Gutnish
* Mainland Gutnish
* Fårö Gutnish

East|

* Gothic (Crimean Gothic)
* Burgundian
* Vandalic

Philology

| Language subgroups|

* North
* East
* West
* Elbe (Irminonic)
* Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)
* North Sea (Ingvaeonic)

* Northwest
* Gotho-Nordic
* South

|

Reconstructed|

* Proto-Germanic
* Proto-Germanic grammar
* Germanic parent language
* Ancient Belgian language

Diachronic features|

* Grimm's law
* Verner's law
* Holtzmann's law
* Sievers's law
* Kluge's law
* Germanic substrate hypothesis
* West Germanic gemination
* High German consonant shift
* Germanic a-mutation
* Germanic umlaut
* Germanic spirant law
* Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
* Great Vowel Shift

Synchronic features|

* Germanic verb
* Germanic strong verb
* Germanic weak verb
* Preterite-present verb
* Grammatischer Wechsel
* Indo-European ablaut

* Italics indicate extinct languages
* Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

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