Hounslow Heath

Nature reserve in London, England

Hounslow Heath

Hounslow Heath in Greater London

Location| Hounslow
Nearest city| London
OS grid| TQ1274
Coordinates| 51°27′17″N 0°23′6″W﻿ / ﻿51.45472°N 0.38500°W﻿ / 51.45472; -0.38500
Area| 82 hectares (200 acres)
Operated by| London Borough of Hounslow
Status| open all year
Hiking trails| Crane Valley Walk (London Loop)
Habitats| Heathland
Designation| Local Nature Reserve
Parking| A315 Staines Road
Public transit access| Buses: 237, 116, 117, 235, 635
Hounslow West tube
Website| www.hounslow.info/parks-open-spaces/find-your-park/hounslow-heath/

Hounslow Heath is a local nature reserve in the London Borough of Hounslow and at a point borders Richmond upon Thames. The public open space, which covers 200 acres (80 ha), is all that remains of the historic Hounslow Heath which covered more than 4,000 acres (1,600 ha). The present day area is bounded by A315 Staines Road, A3063 Wellington Road South, A314 Hanworth Road, and the River Crane.

## History

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On Hounslow Heath by Richard Wilson, 1770

The heathland of Hounslow Heath originally covered an area underlain by Taplow gravel that now includes parts of Bedfont, Brentford, Cranford, Feltham, Hampton, Fulwell, Hanworth, Harlington, Harmondsworth, Heston, Hounslow, Isleworth, Stanwell, Teddington, Twickenham, and Heathrow.[1]

Hounslow Heath has had major historical importance, originally crossed by main routes from London to the west and southwest of Britain. Staines Road, the northern boundary of the present heath, was the Roman Road, Via Trinobantes. There are several historic references to Roman camps on or close to the heath. Continuous recorded history dates back to Norman times. In 1546, Hounslow Heath was surveyed with a recorded area of 4,293 acres (1,737 ha) (6.71 square miles).

Various armies used the heath due to its proximity to London, Windsor and Hampton Court. Oliver Cromwell stationed an army there at the end of the English Civil War in 1647. James II camped his army there, and conducted military exercises and mock battles to try to intimidate the population in London. In 1793, Hounslow Barracks was built to the north of Staines Road as part of the preparations to meet a possible French invasion. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the heath was notorious as the haunt of highwaymen and footpads, being crossed by the Great West Road and the Bath Road.[2][3][4]

The eventual mapping of the whole of the United Kingdom by the Ordnance Survey began with the measuring of an accurate base-line on Hounslow Heath, chosen for its flatness and its relative proximity to the Royal Greenwich Observatory. A sighting was made of the spire of All Saints' church in Banstead, and along that line a length of 27,400 feet was very precisely measured. This work by General William Roy was the start of the Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790), which led to the Principal Triangulation of Great Britain.

By 1900, the heath was still in use as a training ground for horse-mounted cavalry based at Hounslow Barracks, a gun shooting range, and adjacent army medical units including an isolation hospital. After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Hounslow Heath Aerodrome was established, that developed to become a fighter aircraft defence and training base. In 1919, the aerodrome became the sole London Terminal Aerodrome, and hosted the first scheduled daily international commercial air services. In 1920, it surrendered its role to Croydon Airport, and closed. The heath was then again used for military training and a repair depot.[5]

On the south side of Staines Road, to the north of the Heath, is a monument, now in a state of neglect, commemorating the first flight to Australia, a modified Vickers Vimy bomber G-EAOU, flown by Australian brothers Keith and Ross Smith, which took off from Hounslow Heath Aerodrome on 12 November 1919 and arrived in Darwin on 10 December.[6] A plaque marks the entrance to London's first civil airport, stating: "London Terminal Aerodrome Hounslow Heath August 1919 - 1920. From here the first British international airline operation and the first flight from Europe to Australia was made. Erected by the Heston and Isleworth Borough Council". On 10 April 2016, another memorial to the aerodrome was unveiled and dedicated by the Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust immediately south of the car park beside the Staines Road.

An area to the west of the present heath was used for gravel extraction after World War II. Used for landfill until the late 1960s, the land was reclaimed to form Hounslow Heath Golf Centre which opened in 1979.[7][8]

## Archaeology

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Bronze Age spearheads, axes, and sword and knife fragments from Hounslow, are held at the British Museum, also Celtic badges and amulets discovered in a field at Hounslow in 1864. In 1999, excavations on the former Feltham Marshalling Yards to the south of the heath unearthed remains of an Iron Age furnace and post holes from a round house. There are various remains of former mills and other industrial archaeological features adjoining the River Crane near the heath. This part of the river is classified as an Archaeological Priority Area.[4][9]

Hounslow Heath, West London.

## Nature reserve

[edit]

Dragonfly sculpture at Hounslow Heath, looking west, adjacent to the rangers' yard near the Staines Road main entrance

Hounslow Heath is a designated local nature reserve[10][11] and Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation,[12] and is made up of lowland heath, dry acid grassland, woodland, scrub, neutral grasslands, wetlands, wildflower meadows, providing a wild, rugged country setting with a large network of paths.[13]

## See also

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* Hounslow parks and open spaces
* Murder of Patsy Morris, took place on the heath in 1980

## Notes

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1. ^ Reynolds, Susan, ed. (1962). "Heston and Isleworth: Hounslow Heath". A History of the County of Middlesex. Institute of Historical Research. pp. 94–96. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
2. ^ Lysons, Daniel (1795). Heston. Vol. 3: County of Middlesex. pp. 22–45. `{{cite book}}`: `|work=` ignored (help)
3. ^ Hounslow Online hounslowtw3.net[usurped]
4. ^ a b Maxwell, Gordon S. (1949). Highwayman's Heath: The Story in Fact and Fiction of Hounslow Heath in Middlesex. Thomasons. ISBN 1-899144-00-5. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
5. ^ Sherwood, Tim (1999). Coming in to Land: A Short History of Hounslow, Hanworth and Heston Aerodromes 1911-1946. Heritage Publications. ISBN 1-899144-30-7.
6. ^ "Hounslow Heath - Hidden London". airfieldinformationexchange.org. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
7. ^ "Hounslow Heath Nature Reserve" (PDF). Green route walks in Hounslow. 7 February 2023. p. 13.
8. ^ "Hounslow Heath". London Gardens Online. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
9. ^ About The Heath hounslow.info
10. ^ "Hounslow Heath". Local Nature Reserves. Natural England. 5 March 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
11. ^ "Map of Hounslow Heath". Local Nature Reserves. Natural England. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
12. ^ "Hounslow Heath". Greenspace Information for Greater London. 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
13. ^ Hounslow Parks & Open Spaces hounslow.info

## External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hounslow Heath.

* Hounslow Council website: Parks and Open Spaces

* v
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Local nature reserves in Greater London

Barking and Dagenham|

* Beam Valley
* Beam Valley (Environment Agency)
* Dagenham Village Churchyard
* Eastbrookend Country Park
* Mayesbrook Park South
* Parsloes Park Squatts
* Ripple Nature Reserve
* Scrattons Ecopark and extension
* The Chase - Barking

Barnet|

* Big Wood and Little Wood
* Brent Reservoir/Welsh Harp
* Coppett's Wood and Scrublands
* Glebelands
* Moat Mount Open Space
* Oak Hill Wood
* Rowley Green Common
* Scratchwood
* Totteridge Fields

Bexley|

* Crossness
* Danson Park Bog Garden, Welling
* Foots Cray Meadows
* Lesnes Abbey Woods

Brent|

* Brent Reservoir/Welsh Harp
* Fryent Country Park
* Masons Field

Bromley|

* High Elms
* Jubilee Country Park
* Scadbury Park

Camden|

* Adelaide
* Belsize Wood
* Camley Street Natural Park
* Westbere Copse

Croydon|

* Bramley Bank
* Foxley Wood
* Hutchinson's Bank
* Selsdon Wood
* South Norwood Country Park

Ealing|

* Blondin Park
* Fox Wood
* Grove Farm
* Gunnersbury Triangle
* Islip Manor Meadows
* Litten
* Long Wood
* Northolt Manor
* Perivale Wood

Enfield|

* Covert Way

Greenwich|

* Gilbert's Pit
* Maryon Park
* Maryon Wilson Park
* Oxleas/Shooters Hill Woodlands
* Sutcliffe Park
* The Tarn

Hackney|

* Abney Park Cemetery
* Springfield Park

Hammersmith and Fulham|

* Wormwood Scrubs

Haringey|

* Alexandra Park
* Coldfall Wood
* Parkland Walk
* Queen's Wood
* Railway Fields

Harrow|

* Bentley Priory
* Stanmore Common
* Stanmore Country Park

Havering|

* Bedford's Park
* Cranham Brickfields
* Cranham Marsh
* Ingrebourne Valley
* Rainham Marshes
* The Chase - Havering
* The Manor

Hillingdon|

* Denham Country Park
* Frays Valley
* Gutteridge Wood and Meadows (Yeading Woods)
* Ruislip Local Nature Reserve
* Ten Acre Wood
* Yeading Brook Meadows

Hounslow|

* Bedfont Lakes Country Park
* Chiswick Eyot
* Cranebank
* Duke's Hollow
* Gunnersbury Triangle
* Hounslow Heath
* Isleworth Ait
* Kempton
* Pevensey Road

Islington|

* Barnsbury Wood
* Gillespie Park
* Parkland Walk

Kingston upon Thames|

* Bonesgate Open Space
* Castle Hill
* Coombe Hill Wood
* Edith Gardens
* Elmbridge Open Space
* Ham Lands
* Hogsmill River Park
* Jubilee Wood
* Raeburn Open Space
* Rose Walk
* Southwood Open Space
* Tolworth Court Farm Fields
* The Wood and Richard Jefferies Bird Sanctuary

Lambeth|

* Streatham Common

Lewisham|

* Beckenham Place Park
* Brookmill Road
* Burnt Ash Pond
* Dacres Wood
* Downham Woodland Walk
* Grove Park Nature Reserve
* Sue Godfrey Nature Park

Merton|

* Bennett's Hole
* Cannon Hill Common
* Cherry Wood
* Cranmer Green
* Derwent Floodwash
* Fishpond Wood and Beverley Meads
* Lower Wandle
* Merton Park Green Walks
* Morden Park
* Myrna Close
* Oakleigh Way
* Pyl Brook
* Ravensbury Park
* Sir Joseph Hood Memorial Wood
* Wandle Meadow Nature Park

Redbridge|

* Hainault Lodge

Richmond upon Thames|

* Barnes Common
* Crane Park Island
* Ham Common
* Ham Lands
* Lonsdale Road Reservoir (Leg of Mutton Reservoir)
* Oak Avenue, Hampton

Southwark|

* Dulwich Upper Wood
* Lavender Pond
* Nunhead Cemetery
* One Tree Hill
* Sydenham Hill Wood and Fern Bank

Sutton|

* Anton Crescent Wetland
* Belmont Pastures
* Cuddington Meadows
* Devonshire Avenue Nature Area
* Roundshaw Downs
* Ruffett and Big Woods
* Spencer Road Wetlands
* Sutton Ecology Centre Grounds
* The Spinney, Carshalton
* Wandle Valley Wetland
* Wilderness Island

Tower Hamlets|

* Ackroyd Drive Greenlink
* Mudchute Park and Farm
* Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park

Waltham Forest|

* Ainslie Wood

Wandsworth|

* Battersea Park Nature Areas

Westminster|

* St. John's Wood Church Grounds

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