House of Lorraine

Royal house of Europe

For the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, see House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

House of Lorraine

Haus Lothringen

Original arms of the House of Lorraine

Parent house| Ardennes–Metz which in turn can possibly be a cadet branch of either the Etichonids or the Matfridings
Country| Alsace, Austria, Bohemia, Brabant, France, Flanders, Hungary, Lorraine, Luxembourg, Mexico, Modena and Tuscany
Current head| Karl von Habsburg-Lothringen
Titles|

* Holy Roman Emperor
* Emperor of Austria
* Emperor of Mexico
* King of the Romans
* King of Bohemia
* King of Croatia
* King of Hungary
* Archduke of Austria
* Grand Duke of Tuscany
* Duke of Milan
* Duke of Brabant
* Duke of Lorraine
* Duke of Guise
* Duke of Alsace
* Duke of Bar
* Duke of Luxembourg
* Duke of Modena
* Count of Flanders

(see more)
Deposition| Lorraine:
1738 – Francis I ceded title in accordance with the Treaty of Vienna, gaining Tuscany

Holy Roman Empire, Luxembourg,
Brabant, and Flanders:
1805 – Francis II & I ceded titles in accordance with the Peace of Pressburg

Parma:
1847 – Marie Louise died with issue

Tuscany:
1859 – Leopold II abdicated due to pressure from Italian nationalists

Mexico:
1867 – Maximilian I executed by Liberal republicans.

Austria, Hungary and Bohemia:
1918 – Charles I & IV relinquished participation in state affairs following the end of World War I
Cadet branches|

* Vaudémont
* Guise (extinct)
* Habsburg-Lorraine
* Habsburg-Este
* Habsburg-Tuscany
* Hohenberg (non-dynastic)

The House of Lorraine (German: Haus Lothringen) originated as a cadet branch of the House of Metz. It inherited the Duchy of Lorraine in 1473 after the death without a male heir of Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine. By the marriage of Francis of Lorraine to Maria Theresa of Austria in 1736, and with the success in the ensuing War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748), the House of Lorraine was joined to the House of Habsburg and became known as the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (German: Haus Habsburg-Lothringen). Francis, his sons Joseph II and Leopold II, and his grandson Francis II were the last four Holy Roman emperors from 1745 until the dissolution of the empire in 1806. The House of Habsburg-Lorraine inherited the Habsburg Empire, ruling the Austrian Empire and then Austria-Hungary until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1918.

Although its senior agnates are the dukes of Hohenberg, the house is currently headed by Karl von Habsburg (born 1961), grandson of the last emperor Charles I.[1]

## Ancestry

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### A controversial origin

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The main two theories of the House's origin are:

* the theory of Etichonid ancestry, which claims that Adalbert of Metz and his brother Gerard were descendants of the Nordgau branch of the Etichonid Dynasty, the same branch from which the House of Habsburg and the House of Zähringen could possibly descend;[2]
* the theory of Gerardide ancestry, which claims that Adalbert and Gerard descended from the Matfridings which are thought to have been a branch of the Gerardides.[citation needed]

The Etichonid origin was unanimously recognized from the 18th until the 20th century. For this reason, the marriage between Maria Theresa of Austria and Francis of Lorraine was seen at the time as the reunion of the two branches of the dynasty. The main proponents of this theory have been: Dom Calmet (1672 † 1757),[3] Nicolas Viton de Saint-Allais (1773 † 1842)[4] and more recently Michel Dugast Rouillé [fr] (1919 † 1987)[2] and Henry Bogdan.[5]

The main proponents of the Gerardide-Matfriding theory are: Eduard Hlawitschka,[6] George Poull[7] and partially the Europäische Stammtafeln (which however does not take into account the kinship with the Girardides).[8]

The Renaissance dukes of Lorraine tended to arrogate to themselves claims to Carolingian ancestry, as illustrated by Alexandre Dumas, père in the novel La Dame de Monsoreau (1846);[9] in fact, so little documentation survives on the early generations that the reconstruction of a family tree for progenitors of the House of Alsace involves a good deal of guesswork.[citation needed]

What is more securely demonstrated is that in 1048 Emperor Henry III gave the Duchy of Upper Lorraine first to Adalbert of Metz and then to his brother Gerard whose successors (collectively known as the House of Alsace or the House of Châtenois) retained the duchy until the death of Charles the Bold in 1431.[10]

### Houses of Vaudémont and Guise

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See also: House of Guise

The Château du Grand Jardin in Joinville, the seat of the Counts and Dukes of Guise.

After a brief interlude of 1453–1473, when the duchy passed in right of Charles's daughter to her husband John of Calabria, a Capetian, Lorraine reverted to the House of Vaudémont, a junior branch of House of Lorraine, in the person of René II who later added to his titles that of Duke of Bar.[11]

The French Wars of Religion saw the rise of a junior branch of the Lorraine family, the House of Guise, which became a dominant force in French politics and, during the later years of Henry III's reign, was on the verge of succeeding to the throne of France.[12] Mary of Guise, mother of Mary, Queen of Scots, also came from this family.

Under the Bourbon monarchy the remaining branch of the House of Guise, headed by the duc d'Elbeuf, remained part of the highest ranks of French aristocracy, while the senior branch of the House of Vaudémont continued to rule the independent duchies of Lorraine and Bar. Louis XIV's imperialist ambitions (which involved the occupation of Lorraine in 1669–97) forced the dukes into a permanent alliance with his archenemies, the Holy Roman Emperors from the House of Habsburg.

## House of Habsburg‑Lorraine

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Main article: House of Habsburg-Lorraine

See also: House of Habsburg, House of Hohenberg, and Austria-Este

The coat of arms of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. The shield displays the marshaled arms of the Habsburg, Babenberg and Lorraine families.

After Emperor Joseph I and Emperor Charles VI failed to produce a son and heir, the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 left the throne to the latter's yet unborn daughter, Maria Theresa. In 1736 Emperor Charles arranged her marriage to Francis of Lorraine who agreed to exchange his hereditary lands for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (as well as the Duchy of Teschen from the Emperor).

At Charles's death in 1740 the Habsburg holdings passed to Maria Theresa and Francis, who was later elected (in 1745) Holy Roman Emperor as Francis I. The Habsburg-Lorraine nuptials and dynastic union precipitated, and survived, the War of the Austrian Succession. Francis and Maria Theresa's daughters Marie Antoinette and Maria Carolina of Austria became Queens of France and Naples-Sicily, respectively, while their sons Joseph II and Leopold II succeeded to the imperial title.

Apart from the core Habsburg dominions, including the triple crowns of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia, several junior branches of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine reigned in the Italian duchies of Tuscany (until 1737-1796, 1814-1860), Parma (1814-1847) and Modena (1814-1859). Another member of the house, Archduke Maximilian of Austria, was Emperor of Mexico (1863–67).

In 1900, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (then heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne) contracted a morganatic marriage with Countess Sophie Chotek. Their descendants, known as the House of Hohenberg, have been excluded from succession to the Austro-Hungarian crown, but not that of Lorraine, where morganatic marriage has never been outlawed. Nevertheless, Otto von Habsburg, the eldest grandson of Franz Ferdinand's younger brother, was universally regarded as the head of the house until his death in 2011.[13] It was at Nancy, the former capital of the House of Vaudémont, that the former crown prince married Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen in 1951.[1]

## List of heads

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See also: Family tree of the German monarchs, Dukes of Lorraine family tree, and List of heirs to the Austrian throne

Francis I of Lorraine with his family.

The following is a list of ruling heads (after 1918 pretenders) of the house of Ardennes-Metz and its successor houses of Lorraine and Habsburg-Lorraine, from the start of securely documented genealogical history in the 11th century.[citation needed]

* Gerhard III, Count of Metz, 990–1045
* Adalbert, Duke of Upper Lorraine r. 1047/8
* Gérard, Duke of Lorraine, r. 1048–1070
* Theodoric (Thierry) II r. 1070–1115
* Simon I, r. 1115–1138
* Matthias I, r. 1138–1176
* Simon II, r. 1176–1215
* Frederick I, r. 1205/6
* Frederick II, r. 1206–1213
* Theobald I, r. 1213–1220
* Matthias II, r. 1220–1251
* Frederick III, c. 1251–1303
* Theobald II, r. 1303–1312
* Frederick IV, r. 1312–1328
* Rudolph, r. 1328–1346 (killed in the Battle of Crécy)
* John I, r. 1346–1390
* Charles II, r. 1390–1431

Charles II died without male heir, the duchy passing to Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine, consort of Naples by marriage to Duke René of Anjou. The duchy passed to their son John II (r. 1453–1470), whose son Nicholas I (r. 1470–1473) died without heir. The title now went to Nicholas' aunt (sister of John II) Yolande.

### House of Lorraine

[edit]

The House of Lorraine was formed by Yolande's marriage to Frederick II, Count of Vaudémont (1428–1470), who was descended from John I (Yolande's great-grandfather) via his younger son Frederick I, Count of Vaudémont (1346–1390), Antoine, Count of Vaudémont (c. 1395–1431) and Frederick II, Count of Vaudémont (1417–1470). René inherited the title of Duke of Lorraine upon his marriage in 1473.

* René II, Duke of Lorraine, r. 1473–1508
* Antoine, r. 1508–1544
* Francis I, r. 1544/5
* Charles III, r. 1545–1608 (his mother Christina of Denmark served as his regent during his minority)
* Henry II (I), r. 1608–1624 (leaving no sons, both of his daughters became Duchesses of Lorraine by marriage)
* Nicole (m. Charles IV)
* Claude (m. Nicholas II)
* Francis II, (son of Charles III, duke for six days in 1625, abdicated in favour of his son)
* Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine r. 1624–1675 (briefly abdicated in favour of his brother in 1634)
* Nicholas Francis (Nicholas II) (briefly made duke during the French invasion of Lorraine in 1634)
* Charles V, r. 1675–1690 (son of Nicholas Francis)
* Leopold, r. 1690–1729
* Francis (III) Stephen, Duke of Lorraine, r. 1728–1737, Holy Roman Emperor (as Francis I) r. 1745–1765

### House of Habsburg–Lorraine

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* Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1741–1790), r. 1765–1790
* Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (1747–1792), r. 1790–1792
* Francis II (IV) (1768–1835), Holy Roman Emperor 1792–1806, Emperor of Austria 1804–1835
* Ferdinand I (V), Emperor of Austria (1793–1875), r. 1835–1848 (abdicated in 1848, succeeded by his nephew)
* Franz Joseph I of Austria (1830–1916), r. 1848–1916, son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria (1802–1878), a younger son of Francis II

The heir of Franz Joseph, Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria, committed suicide in 1889. Franz Joseph was succeeded by his grandnephew, Charles I, son of Archduke Otto Francis, the son of Archduke Karl Ludwig, a younger brother of Franz Joseph.

* Blessed Charles of Austria (Charles I and IV) (1887–1922), r. 1916–1919 (dissolution of the monarchy)
* Otto von Habsburg (1912–2011)
* Karl von Habsburg (b. 1961)
* Heir apparent: Ferdinand Zvonimir von Habsburg (b. 1997)

## Family tree

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## Male-line family tree

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List of male-line members of the House of Lorraine

Male, male-line, legitimate, non-morganatic members of the house who either lived to adulthood, or who held a title as a child, are included. Heads of the house are in bold.

* Gerard, Duke of Lorraine, 1030-1070
* Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine, d. 1115
* Simon I, Duke of Lorraine, 1076-1139
* Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine, 1119-1176
* Simon II, Duke of Lorraine, 1140-1207
* Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine, 1143-1206
* Frederick II, Duke of Lorraine, 1165-1213
* Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine, 1191-1220
* Matthias II, Duke of Lorraine, 1193-1251
* Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine, 1240-1302
* Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine, 1263-1312
* Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine, 1282-1326
* Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine, 1320-1346
* John I, Duke of Lorraine, 1346-1390
* Charles II, Duke of Lorraine, 1365-1431
* Frederick I, Count of Vaudémont, 1369-1415
* Anthony, Count of Vaudémont, 1400-1458
* Frederick II, Count of Vaudémont, 1428-1470
* René II, Duke of Lorraine, 1451-1508
* Anthony, Duke of Lorraine, 1489-1544
* Francis I, Duke of Lorraine, 1517-1545
* Charles III, Duke of Lorraine, 1543-1608
* Henry II, Duke of Lorraine, 1563-1624
* Charles of Lorraine (bishop of Metz and Strasbourg), 1567-1607
* Francis II, Duke of Lorraine, 1572-1632
* Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine, 1604-1675
* Charles Henry, Prince of Commercy, 1649-1723
* Charles Thomas, Prince of Vaudémont, 1670-1704
* Nicholas Francis, Duke of Lorraine, 1609-1670
* Ferdinand Philip, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine, 1639–1659
* Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, 1643-1690
* Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, 1679-1729
* Leopold Clement, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine, 1707-1723
* Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, 1708-1765
* Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, 1741-1790
* Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria, 1745-1761
* Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, 1747-1792
* Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, 1768-1835
* Ferdinand I of Austria, 1793-1875
* Archduke Francis Charles of Austria, 1802-1878
* Francis Joseph I of Austria, 1830-1916
* Rudolph, Crown Prince of Austria, 1858-1889
* Maximilian I of Mexico, 1832-1867
* Archduke Charles Louis of Austria, 1833-1896
* Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, 1863-1914
* Archduke Otto of Austria, 1865-1906
* Charles I of Austria, 1887-1922
* Otto von Habsburg, 1912-2011
* Charles von Habsburg, b. 1961
* Ferdinand Habsburg, b. 1997
* George von Habsburg, b. 1964
* Charles Constantine Habsburg, b. 2004
* Robert, Archduke of Austria-Este, 1915-1996
* Prince Laurence of Belgium, b. 1955
* Prince Amadeus of Belgium, b. 1986
* Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este, b. 2019
* Prince Joachim of Belgium, b. 1991
* Archduke Gerard of Austria, b. 1957
* Archduke Martin of Austria, b. 1959
* Archduke Bartholomew of Austria, b. 2006
* Archduke Emmanuel of Austria, b. 2008
* Archduke Luigi of Austria, b. 2011
* Archduke Felix of Austria, 1916-2011
* Archduke Charles Philip of Austria, b. 1954
* Julian-Laurence Habsburg, b. 1994
* Louis-Damian Habsburg, b. 1998
* Archduke Raymond of Austria, 1958-2008
* 1 son
* Archduke Stephen of Austria, b. 1961
* 2 sons
* Archduke Charles Louis of Austria, 1918–2007
* Archduke Rudolph of Austria, b. 1950
* Archduke Charles Christian of Austria, b. 1977
* Archduke John of Austria, b. 1981
* Archduke Thomas of Austria, b. 1983
* Archduke Francis-Louis of Austria, b. 1988
* Archduke Michael of Austria, b. 1990
* Archduke Joseph of Austria, b. 1991
* Archduke Charles Christian of Austria, b. 1954
* Archduke Imre of Austria, b. 1985
* Archduke Charles of Austria, b. 2023
* Archduke Christopher of Austria, b. 1988
* Archduke Joseph of Austria, b. 2020
* Archduke Alexander of Austria, b. 1990
* Archduke Rudolph of Austria, 1919–2010
* Archduke Charles of Austria, b. 1955
* 2 children
* Simeon of Austria, b. 1958
* John Habsburg, b. 1997
* Louis Habsburg, b. 1998
* Philip Habsburg, b. 2007
* Archduke Maximilian of Austria, 1895-1952
* Ferdinand, 1918-2004
* Maximilian, b. 1961
* Henry, 1925-2014
* Philip, b. 1961
* Ferdinand Charles, b. 1965
* Conrad, b. 1971
* Archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria, 1868-1915
* Archduke Louis Victor of Austria, 1842-1919
* Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1769-1824
* Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1797-1870
* Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1835-1908
* Archduke Leopold Ferdinand of Austria, 1868-1935
* Archduke Joseph Ferdinand of Austria, 1872-1942
* Maximilian Habsburg, 1932-2024
* Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria, 1874-1948
* Archduke Godfrey of Austria, 1902-1984
* Archduke Leopold of Austria, b. 1942
* 2 sons
* Archduke George of Austria, 1905-1952
* Archduke Radbot, b. 1938
* Archduke Leopold, b. 1973
* Archduke Felix, b. 2007
* Archduke George, b. 2009
* Archduke Maximilian, b. 1976
* Archduke George, b. 1952
* Archduke Henry Ferdinand, 1878–1969
* Archduke Charles Salvator of Austria, 1839-1892
* Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, 1863-1931
* Archduke Rainer of Austria, 1895-1930
* Archduke Leopold of Austria, Prince of Tuscany, 1897-1958
* Archduke Anthony of Austria, 1901-1987
* Archduke Stephen of Austria, Prince of Tuscany, 1932-1998
* Archduke Dominic of Austria, b. 1937
* Alexander Habsburg, b. 1965
* Constantine Habsburg, b. 2000
* Gregory Habsburg, b. 1968
* Archduke Francis Joseph of Austria, Prince of Tuscany, 1905-1975
* Archduke Karl Pius of Austria, Prince of Tuscany, 1909-1953
* Archduke Francis Salvator of Austria, 1866-1939
* Archduke Francis Charles Salvator of Austria, 1893-1918
* Archduke Hubert Salvator of Austria, 1894-1971
* Archduke Frederick Salvator of Austria, 1927–1999
* Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, b. 1956
* Archduke Alexander Salvator of Austria, b. 1959
* Archduke Constantine of Austria, b. 2002
* Archduke Paul Salvator of Austria, b. 2003
* Archduke Andrew Salvator of Austria, b. 1936
* Archduke Thaddaeus Salvator of Austria, b. 2001
* Archduke Casimir Salvator of Austria, b. 2003
* Archduke Mark of Austria, b. 1946
* Archduke John Maximilian of Austria, b. 1947
* Archduke Michael Salvator of Austria, b. 1949
* Theodore Salvator, 1899–1978
* issue
* Clement Salvator, 1904-1974
* issue
* Archduke Albert Salvator, 1871–1896
* Archduke Louis Salvator of Austria, 1847-1915
* Archduke John Salvator of Austria, 1852-1890
* Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen, 1771-1847
* Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen, 1817-1895
* Archduke Charles Ferdinand of Austria, 1818-1874
* Archduke Frederick, Duke of Teschen, 1856-1936
* Archduke Albert Francis, Duke of Teschen, 1897-1955
* Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria, 1860-1933
* Archduke Charles Albert of Austria, 1888-1951
* Archduke Leo Charles of Austria, 1893-1939
* Archduke William of Austria, 1895-1948
* Archduke Eugene of Austria, 1863-1954
* Archduke Frederick of Austria, 1821–1847
* Archduke William Francis of Austria, 1827-1894
* Archduke Alexander Leopold of Austria, 1772-1795
* Archduke Joseph of Austria (Palatine of Hungary), 1776-1847
* Archduke Stephen of Austria (Palatine of Hungary), 1817-1867
* Archduke Joseph Charles of Austria, 1833-1905
* Archduke Joseph Augustus of Austria, 1872-1962
* Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria, 1895-1957
* Archduke Joseph Arpad of Austria, 1933-2017
* Archduke Joseph Charles of Austria, b. 1960
* 2 sons
* Archduke Andrew-Augustine of Austria, b. 1965
* 6 children
* Archduke Nicholas Francis of Austria, b. 1973
* 4 children
* Archduke John James of Austria, b. 1975
* 3 sons
* Archduke Stephen Dominic of Austria, 1934-2011
* Archduke Geza of Austria, b. 1940
* Archduke Michael of Austria, b. 1942
* Archduke Edward of Austria, b. 1967
* Archduke Ladislaus Luitpold, 1901-1946
* Archduke Ladislaus Philip of Austria, 1875-1895
* Archduke Anthony Victor of Austria, 1779-1835
* Archduke John of Austria, 1782-1859
* Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria, 1783-1853
* Archduke Leopold Louis of Austria, 1823-1898
* Archduke Ernest of Austria, 1824-1899
* Archduke Sigismund of Austria, 1826-1891
* Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria, 1827-1913
* Archduke Henry Anthony of Austria, 1828-1891
* Archduke Louis of Austria, 1784-1864
* Archduke Rudolph of Austria, 1788-1831
* Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria-Este, 1754-1806
* Francis IV, Duke of Modena, 1779-1846
* Francis V, Duke of Modena, 1819-1875
* Archduke Ferdinand Charles Victor of Austria-Este, 1821-1849
* Archduke Ferdinand Charles Joseph of Austria-Este, 1781-1850
* Archduke Maximilian of Austria-Este, 1782-1863
* Archduke Charles Ambrose of Austria-Este, 1785-1809
* Archduke Maximilian Francis of Austria, 1756-1801
* Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, 1712-1780
* Charles Joseph of Lorraine, 1680-1715
* Joseph Emmanuel, 1685–1705
* Francis Anthony, 1689–1715
* Nicholas, Duke of Mercœur, 1524-1577
* Philip Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur, 1558-1602
* Cardinal Charles de Lorraine de Vaudémont, 1561-1587
* Francis of Lorraine, Marquis of Chaussin, 1567–1596
* Henry, Count of Chaligny, 1570-1600
* Prince Charles of Lorraine, Bishop of Verdun, 1592–1631
* Prince Henry of Lorraine, Count of Chaligny, 1596–1672
* Prince Francis of Lorraine, Bishop of Verdun, 1599–1671
* Eric of Lorraine, Count of Vaudémont, 1576-1623
* Claude, Duke of Guise, 1496-1550, founder of the House of Guise
* Francis, Duke of Guise, 1519-1563
* Henry I, Duke of Guise, 1550-1588
* Charles, Duke of Guise, 1571-1640
* Francis, Prince of Joinville, 1612-1639
* Henry II, Duke of Guise, 1614-1664
* Charles Louis, Duke of Joyeuse, 1618–1637
* Louis, Duke of Joyeuse, 1622-1654
* Louis Joseph, Duke of Guise, 1650-1671
* Francis Joseph, Duke of Guise, 1670-1675
* Roger, a knight, 1624–1653
* Louis III, Cardinal of Guise, 1575-1621
* Claude, Duke of Chevreuse, 1578-1657
* Francis Alexander, a knight, 1589–1614
* Charles, Duke of Mayenne, 1554-1611
* Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne, 1578-1621
* Charles Emmanuel of Lorraine, Count of Sommerive, 1581–1609
* Louis II of Lorraine, Cardinal of Guise, 1555-1588
* Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, 1524-1574
* Claude, Duke of Aumale, 1526-1573
* Charles, Duke of Aumale, 1555-1631
* Claude of Lorraine, knight of Aumale, 1564-1591
* Louis I of Lorraine, Cardinal of Guise, 1527-1578
* Francis of Lorraine, Grand Prior, 1534-1563
* René II of Lorraine, Marquis of Elbeuf, 1536-1566
* Charles I, Duke of Elbeuf, 1556-1605
* Charles II, Duke of Elbeuf, 1596-1657
* Charles III, Duke of Elbeuf, 1620-1692
* Charles of Lorraine, knight of Elboeuf, 1650–1690
* Henry, Duke of Elbeuf, 1661-1748
* Philip of Lorraine, Prince of Elbeuf, 1678-1705
* Charles of Lorraine, 1685-1705
* Louis of Lorraine, Abbot of Orcamp, 1662–1693
* Emmanuel Maurice, Duke of Elbeuf, 1677-1763
* Henry, Abbot of Hombieres, 1622–1648
* Francis Louis, Count of Harcourt, 1623-1694
* Alphonse Henri, Count of Harcourt, 1648-1718
* Francis-Mary of Lorraine, Count of Maubec, 1686–1706
* Francis of Lorraine, Prince of Montlaur, 1684-1705
* Cesar of Lorraine, Prince of Montlaur, 1650–1675
* Charles of Lorraine, Abbé of Harcourt, 1661–1683
* Francis-Mary, Prince of Lillebonne, 1624-1694
* Charles, Prince of Commercy, 1661-1702
* John Paul of Lorraine, 1672-1693
* Henry, Count of Harcourt, 1601-1666
* Louis, Count of Armagnac, 1641-1718
* Henry, Count of Brionne, 1661-1713
* Louis, Prince of Lambesc, 1692-1743
* Louis, Prince of Brionne, 1725-1761
* Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc, 1751-1825
* Joseph Louis, Prince of Lorraine-Vaudémont, 1759-1812
* Francis Armand of Lorraine, Abbot of Royaumont, 1665–1728
* Camille of Lorraine, Count of Chamilly, 1666–1715
* Louis Alphonse of Lorraine, bailiff of Armagnac, 1675–1704
* Charles of Lorraine, Count of Armagnac, 1684-1751
* Philip, Knight of Lorraine, 1643-1702
* Alphonse Louis of Lorraine, Abbot of Royaumont, 1644–1689
* Raymond Berenger of Lorraine, Abbot of Faron de Meaux, 1647–1686
* Charles, Count of Marsan, 1648-1708
* Charles Louis, Count of Marsan, 1696-1755
* Gaston, Count of Marsan, 1721-1743
* Camille, Prince of Marsan, 1725-1780
* James Henry of Lorraine, Knight of Lorraine, 1698–1734
* John, Cardinal of Lorraine, 1498-1550
* Louis, Count of Vaudémont, 1500-1528
* Francis of Lorraine, Lord of Lambesc, 1506-1525
* Nicholas, Lord of Joinville and Bauffremont, d. c. 1476
* Henry of Lorraine-Vaudémont, Bishop of Metz, c. 1432-1505
* John, Count of Harcourt, d. 1473
* Frederick, Lord of Rumigny
* Charles, Lord of Bovines
* John, Lord of Fleurines
* Matthias, Lord of Darney, Boves, Blainville and Florennes, d. c. 1330
* Hugh, Lord of Rumigny, Martigny, and Aubenton, d. after 1337
* Matthias, Lord of Beauregard, d. 1282
* Frederick, Bishop of Orléans, d. 1299
* Frederick, Lord of Plombiéres, Romont, and Brémoncourt, d. c. 1320
* Gerard, fl. 1317
* James, Bishop of Metz
* Reynold, Count of Castres
* Theoderic the Devil, Lord of Autigny
* Henry the Lombard
* Philip, Lord of Gerbéviller, d. 1243
* Matthias, Bishop of Toul, 1170–1217
* Theoderic, bishop of Metz, d. 1181
* Matthias, Count of Toul, d. 1208
* Robert, lord of Floranges
* Baldwin
* John
* Gerard, Count of Vaudémont, 1057–1108

## Notes and references

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1. ^ a b Gordon Brook-Shepherd. Uncrowned Emperor: the Life and Times of Otto von Habsburg. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003. ISBN 1-85285-439-1. pp. xi, 179, 216.
2. ^ a b Dugast Rouillé, Michel (1967). Les maisons souveraines de l'Autriche. Paris.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
3. ^ Calmet, Antoine Augustin (1728). Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de la Lorraine. Nancy. pp. cix–cxlix.
4. ^ Viton, Nicholas (1811–1812). Histoire généalogique des maisons souveraines de l'Europe. Paris. p. 67.
5. ^ Bogdan, Henry (2005). La Lorraine des ducs, sept siècles d'histoire. Perrin. pp. 31–32\. ISBN 2-262-02113-9.
6. ^ Hlawitschka, Eduard (1969). Die Anfänge des Hauses Habsburg-Lothringen. Saarbrücken.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
7. ^ Poull, Georges (1991). La Maison ducale de Lorraine. Nancy: Presses Universitaires de Nancy. p. 575\. ISBN 2-86480-517-0.
8. ^ Schwennicke, Detlev (1935–2007). Europäische Stammtafeln. Vol. VI. p. 129.
9. ^ See Chapter XXI.
10. ^ William W. Kibler, Grover A. Zinn. Medieval France: an Encyclopedia. Routledge, 1995. ISBN 0-8240-4444-4. p. 561.
11. ^ Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages (ed. by André Vauchez). Routledge, 2000. ISBN 1-57958-282-6. p. 1227.
12. ^ Robert Knecht. The Valois: Kings of France 1328–1589. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2007. ISBN 1-85285-522-3. p. 214.
13. ^ Brook-Shepherd also notes that morganatic alliances were not forbidden by ancient Magyar laws. See Brook-Shepherd 179.

* ""Ardennes" Dukes of (Upper- and Lower-) Lorraine". Retrieved 25 November 2009.
* "European Kingdoms – The Franks". Retrieved 25 November 2009.

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— Royal house —

House of Lorraine
House of Habsburg-Lorraine

Preceded by

House of Habsburg

Archduchy of Austria
1780–1804  | Archduchy elevated to the Empire of Austria
Kingdom of Bohemia
1780–1918  | Kingdom abolished
Duchy of Burgundy and the Burgundian Netherlands
1780–1795  | Duchy abolished
Kingdom of Hungary
1780–1849  | Incorporated into the Empire of Austria

Austro-Hungarian Compromise recreates the Kingdom of Hungary separate from the Empire of Austria in 1867

Kingdom of Hungary
1867–1918  | Kingdom abolished
New title |  Empire of Austria
1804–1918  | Empire abolished
Preceded by

House of Medici

|  Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1765–1801  | Grand Duchy abolished

Became the Kingdom of Etruria, a territory of the House of Bourbon

Preceded by

House of Bonaparte

|  Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
1815–1866  | Kingdom abolished

Italy united under the House of Savoy

Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1814–1859  | Grand duchy abolished

Incorporated into the United Provinces of Central Italy

Preceded by

House of Iturbide
Deposed in 1823; a republic was created in the interim

|  Empire of Mexico
1864–1867  | Empire abolished

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Royal houses of Bosnia

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* Ottoman
* Habsburg-Lorraine

Authority control databases

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