House of Oldenburg

European dynasty of German origin

House of Oldenburg

Country|

List

* Russian Empire, Kingdom of Denmark, Kingdom of Norway, Kingdom of Sweden, Kingdom of Greece, United Kingdom, Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, Duchy of Schleswig, Duchy of Holstein

Founded| 1101; 923 years ago (1101)
Founder| Elimar I, Count of Oldenburg
Current head| Friedrich Ferdinand, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (heir of the last extant ducal branch of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg)[1][2]
Final ruler|

Denmark:

Margrethe II (1972–2024)

Russia:

Nicholas II (1894–1917)

Sweden:

Charles XIII (1809–1818)

Greece:

Constantine II (1964–1973)

Oldenburg:

Friedrich August II (1900–1918)

Schleswig, Holstein and Saxe-Lauenburg:

Christian IX (1863–1864)
Titles|

List

* Current:
* King of Norway
* King of the United Kingdom
Former:
* King of Denmark
* Emperor of Russia
* King of Sweden
* King of the Hellenes
* King of Iceland
* Consort of the British Monarch
* King of Livonia
* Grand Duke of Oldenburg
* Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
* Duke of Schleswig
* Duke of Holstein
* Duke of Oldenburg
* Count of Oldenburg

Deposition|

Russia:

February Revolution, 1917

Greece:

1974 Greek republic referendum, 1974

Oldenburg:

German Revolution, 1918

Saxe-Lauenburg:

Second Schleswig War, 1864

Schleswig and Holstein:

Second Schleswig War, 1864
Cadet branches|

List

*     * Comital line (extinct)
* Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg

* Augustenburg (extinct)
* Glücksburg
* Holstein-Gottorp

* Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
* Swedish line (extinct)
* Grand ducal line
* Danneskiold (illegitimate)

* Danneskiold-Løvendal (extinct)
* Danneskiold-Laurvig (extinct)
* Danneskiold-Samsøe

The House of Oldenburg is a German dynasty whose members rule or have ruled in Denmark, Iceland, Greece, Norway, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Livonia, Schleswig, Holstein, and Oldenburg. The current kings of Norway and the United Kingdom are patrilineal descendants of the Glücksburg branch of this house.

The dynasty rose to prominence when Count Christian I of Oldenburg was elected King of Denmark in 1448, of Norway in 1450 and of Sweden in 1457. The house then occupied the Danish throne continuously for 576 years until the abdication of Queen Margrethe II in 2024.

## History

[edit]

King Christian I and Queen Dorothy of Denmark started the royal dynasty in 1450 with the birth of their first child 2 rigsdaler – death of Frederik VII and accession of Christian IX marking the transfer of the throne to the Glucksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg[3]

Count Elimar I was first mentioned in 1091. The ancestral home of the family is Oldenburg Castle. In the 12th century, Rastede Monastery near Oldenburg became their house monastery and later their country seat to this day. Marriages of medieval counts of Oldenburg paved the way for their heirs to become kings of various Scandinavian kingdoms. Through marriage with a descendant of King Valdemar I of Sweden and of King Eric IV of Denmark, a claim to Sweden and Denmark was staked as early as 1350.

At that time, its competitors were the successors of Margaret I of Denmark. In the 15th century, the Oldenburg heir of that claim married Hedwig of Schauenburg, a descendant of a granddaughter of King Magnus III of Sweden (Euphemia of Sweden and Norway) and also a descendant of Eric V of Denmark and Abel of Denmark. Since descendants better situated in genealogical charts died out, their son Christian (the abovementioned) became the king of all three kingdoms of the whole Kalmar Union. The House of Mecklenburg was its chief competitor regarding the Northern thrones, and other aspirants included the Duke of Lauenburg. Different Oldenburgine branches have reigned in several countries. The House of Oldenburg was briefly poised to claim the British thrones through the marriage of Queen Anne and Prince George of Denmark and Norway in 1683; however, due to the early deaths of all their children, the crown passed to the House of Hanover, Oldenburgs not gaining that crown until 2022.[4]

## Main line

[edit]

* Counts of Oldenburg (1101-1448, 1667-1773)
* Kings of Denmark (1448-1863)
* Kings of Norway (1450-1814)
* Kings of Sweden (1457-1464, 1497-1501, 1520-1521)
* Dukes of Schleswig (1460-1864) (divided among various rulers 1544-1721)
* Counts (1460–1574) and Dukes (1574-1864) of Holstein (divided among various rulers 1544-1773)
* Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg (1815-1863)

## Branches

[edit]

* Oldenburg comital line (1448-1667), extinct in 1667
* Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
* Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, extinct in 1931
1. Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein (claimant in 1863, then titular dukes until 1931)
* Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (name changed from Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck in 1825)
1. Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein (titular dukes since 1931)
2. Kings and queens of Denmark (1863-2024)
3. Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg (1863-1864)
4. King of Iceland (1918-1944)
5. Kings of Norway (1905-)
6. Kings of the Hellenes (1863-1924, 1935-1973)
7. Kings of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth Realms (2022-)[Note 1]
* Holstein-Gottorp
1. Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp (1544-1739)
* Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov (commonly still called Romanov)
1. Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp (1739-1773)
2. Emperors of Russia (1762, 1796-1917)
* Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish line), extinct in 1877
1. Kings of Sweden (1751-1818)
2. King of Norway (1814-1818)
* Holstein-Gottorp (Grand ducal line)
1. Dukes and Grand Dukes of Oldenburg (1774-1918)
* Danneskiold (illegitimate branch)
* Danneskiold-Løvendal, extinct in 1829
* Danneskiold-Laurvig, extinct in 1783
* Danneskiold-Samsøe

## Family tree of the House of Oldenburg (Counts of Oldenburg)

[edit]

House of Oldenburg

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House of Oldenburg| | | | | | | |

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| | | | | | | | Elimar I
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1091-1108
c. 1060-1112| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Elimar II
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1108-1142| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Christian I
the Quarrelsome
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1143-1167
?-1167| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Maurice
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1169-1211
c. 1150-c. 1211| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | Christian II
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1209-1233
?-1233| | Otto I
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1209-1251
c. 1175-1251| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | John I
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1233-1270
c. 1210-c. 1270| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Christian III
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1270-1285
?-1285| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | John II
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1285-1301
?-c. 1314/6| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Christian IV
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1301-1323| | John III
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1305-1345| | | | | Conrad I
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1324-1347
?-1347| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | John IV
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1345-1356| | Conrad II
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1368-1401
?-1401| | | | Christian V
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1368-1398
c. 1342-c. 1399| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | Maurice II
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1401-1420| | Dietrich
Fortunatus
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1403-1440
1398-1440| | Christian VI
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1403-1421
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | Christian I
King of Denmark
r. 1448-1481
King of Norway
r. 1450-1481
King of Sweden
r. 1457-1464
1426-1481| | Gerhard VI
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1450-1482
1430-1500| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Kings of Denmark| | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Adolph
Count of Oldenburg-
Delmenhorst
r. 1482-1500
before 1463-1500| | John V
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1500-1526
1460-1526
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | John VI
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1526-1529
1501-1548| | George
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1526-1529| | Christopher
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1526-1566
c. 1504-1566| | Anthony I
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1526-1573
1505-1573
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | John VII
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1573-1603
1540-1603| | Anthony II
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1573-1619
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Anthony
Günther
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1603-1667
1583-1667| | | |

## Family tree of the House of Oldenburg (Senior line)

[edit]

House of Oldenburg

King of the Kalmar Union (1457-1464, 1497-1501, 1520-1521)

King of Denmark-Norway (1524-1533, 1537-1814)

King of Denmark (1448-1533, 1534–present)

King of the Hellenes (1863-1924, 1935-1973)

King of Norway (1450-1481, 1483-1523, 1524-1533, 1537-1814, 1905–present)

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House of Oldenburg| | | | | | | |

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| | | | | | | | Elimar I
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1091-1108
c. 1040-1112| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Elimar II
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1108-1142| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Christian I
the Quarrelsome
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1143-1167
?-1167| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Maurice
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1169-1211
c. 1145-c. 1211| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Christian II
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1209-1233
?-1233| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | John I
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1233-1270
c. 1204-c. 1270| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Christian III
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1270-1285
?-1285| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | John II
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1285-1301
?-c. 1314/6| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Conrad I
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1324-1347
?-1347| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Christian V
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1368-1398
c. 1342-c. 1399| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Dietrich
Fortunatus
Count of Oldenburg
r. 1403-1440
1398-1440| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Christian I
King of Denmark
r. 1448-1481
King of Norway
r. 1450-1481
King of Sweden
r. 1457-1464
1426-1481| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | John
King of Denmark
r. 1481-1513
King of Norway
r. 1483-1513
King of Sweden
r. 1497-1501
1455-1513| | Frederick I
King of Denmark
r. 1523-1533
King of Norway
r. 1524-1533
1471-1533| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | House of Schleswig-
Holstein-Haderslev| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Christian II
King of Denmark
and Norway
r. 1513-1523
King of Sweden
r. 1520-1521
1481-1559| | Christian III
King of Denmark
r. 1534-1559
King of Norway
r. 1537-1559
1503-1559| | John
the Elder
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Haderslev
r. 1544-1580
1521-1580| | Adolf
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Gottorp
r. 1544-1586
1526-1586| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | House of Schleswig-
Holstein-Gottorp| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | House of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Frederick II
King of Denmark
and Norway
r. 1559-1588
1534-1588| | | | | | | | | | | | | | John
the Younger
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg
r. 1564-1622
1545-1622| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | House of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Norburg| | | | | | House of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Plön| | | | | | | |
Christian IV
King of Denmark
and Norway
r. 1588-1648
1577-1648| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Alexander
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg
r. 1622-1627
1573-1627| | John Adolph
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Norburg
r. 1622-1624
1576-1624| | | | | | Frederick
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Norburg
r. 1624-1658
1581-1658| | | | | | Joachim Ernest I
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Plön
r. 1622-1671
1595-1671| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | House of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Augustenburg| | | | | | | | | | House of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Beck| | | | | | | House of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Plön-Rethwisch| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Frederick III
King of Denmark
and Norway
r. 1648-1670
1609-1670| | John Christian
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg
r. 1627-1627
1607-1653| | | | | | Ernest Günther I
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg
-Augustenburg
r. 1627-1689
1609-1689| | | | | | | | | | August Philip
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Beck
r. 1646-1675
1612-1675| | John Bogislaw
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Norburg
r. 1658-1669
1629-1669| | Joachim Ernest II
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Plön-Rethwisch
r. 1671-1700
1637-1700| | John Adolphus
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Plön
r. 1671-1704
1634-1704| | | | Augustus
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Plön-Norburg
r. 1679-1699
1635-1699| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | House of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Franzhagen| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Christian V
King of Denmark
and Norway
r. 1670-1699
1646-1699| | Christian Adolf I
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg
r. 1653-1668
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Franzhagen
r. 1676-1702
1641-1702| | Frederick
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg
-Augustenburg
r. 1689-1692
1652-1692| | Ernest August
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg
-Augustenburg
r. 1692-1731
1660-1731| | Frederick William
1668-1714| | August
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Beck
r. 1675-1689
1652-1689| | | | | | Frederick Louis
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Beck
r. 1719-1728
1653-1728| | John Ernest
Ferdinand
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Plön-Rethwisch
r. 1700-1729
1684-1729| | Adolphus Augustus
1680-1704| | Joachim Frederick
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Plön
r. 1706-1722
1668-1722| | Christian Charles
1674-1706
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Frederick IV
King of Denmark
and Norway
r. 1699-1730
1671-1730| | Christian Leopold
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Franzhagen
r. 1702-1707
1678-1707| | Louis Charles
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Franzhagen
r. 1707
1684-1707| | | | | | Christian August I
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg
-Augustenburg
r. 1731-1754
1696-1754| | Frederick William I
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Beck
r. 1689-1719
1682-1719| | Frederick William II
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Beck
r. 1728-1749
1687-1749| | Charles Louis
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Beck
r. 1757-1774
1690-1774| | Peter August
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Beck
r. 1774-1775
1697-1775| | Leopold Augustus
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Plön
r. 1704-1706
1702-1706| | | | | | Frederick Charles
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Plön
r. 1722-1761
1706-1761
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Christian VI
King of Denmark
and Norway
r. 1730-1746
1699-1746| | | | | | Christian Adolf II
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Franzhagen
r. 1707-1709
1707-1709| | | | | | Frederick Christian I
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg
-Augustenburg
r. 1754-1794
1721-1794| | | | | | Frederick William III
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Beck
r. 1749-1757
1723-1757| | | | | | Charles Anthony
August
1727-1759| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Frederick V
King of Denmark
and Norway
r. 1746-1766
1723-1766| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Frederick Christian II
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg
-Augustenburg
r. 1794-1814
1765-1814| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Frederick Charles
Louis
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Beck
r. 1775-1816
1757-1816| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | House of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Glücksburg| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Christian VII
King of Denmark
and Norway
r. 1766-1808
1749-1808| | Frederick
Regent of Denmark-
Norway
1772-1784
1753-1805| | | | | | | | | | Christian August II
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg
-Augustenburg
r. 1814-1863
1798-1869| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Frederick William
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Beck
r. 1816-1825
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Glücksburg
r. 1825-1831
1785-1831| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Danish Royal Family | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Frederick VI
King of Denmark
r. 1808-1839
King of Norway
r. 1808-1814
1768-1839| | Christian VIII
King of Denmark
r. 1839-1848
King of Norway
r. 1814
1786-1848| | | | | | Frederick VIII
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein
r. 1863-1880
1829-1880| | Christian
House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
1831-1917| | Charles
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Glücksburg
r. 1831-1878
1813-1878| | Frederick
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-
Glücksburg
r. 1878-1885
1814-1885| | | | | | Christian IX
King of Denmark
r. 1863-1906
1818-1906| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Greek Royal Family | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Frederick VII
King of Denmark
r. 1848-1863
1808-1863| | | | | | Ernst Günther II
Duke of
Schleswig-Holstein
r. 1880-1921
1863-1921| | Albert
Duke of Schleswig-
Holstein
r. 1921-1931
1869-1931| | | | | | Frederick Ferdinand
Duke of
Schleswig-Holstein
r. 1885-1934
1855-1934| | Frederik VIII
King of Denmark
r. 1906-1912
1843-1912| | George I
King of the Hellenes
r. 1863-1913
1845-1913| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Norwegian Royal Family | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | William Frederick
Duke of
Schleswig-Holstein
r. 1934-1965
1891-1965| | Christian X
King of Denmark
r. 1912-1947
King of Iceland
r. 1918-1944
1870-1947| | Haakon VII
King of Norway
r. 1905-1957
1872-1957| | Constantine I
King of the Hellenes
r. 1913-1917,
1920-1922
1868-1923| | | | | | | | | | Andrew
Prince of Greece and Denmark
1882-1944
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | House of Mountbatten | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Peter Frederick
Duke of
Schleswig-Holstein
r. 1965-1980
1922-1980| | Frederik IX
King of Denmark
r. 1947-1972
1899-1972| | Olav V
King of Norway
r. 1957-1991
1903-1991| | George II
King of the Hellenes
r. 1922-1924,
1935-1947
1890-1947| | Alexander
King of the Hellenes
r. 1917-1920
1893-1920| | Paul
King of the Hellenes
r. 1947-1964
1901-1964| | Philip
Duke of Edinburgh
1921-2021
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Christopher
Duke of
Schleswig-Holstein
r. 1980-2023
1949-2023| | Margrethe II
Queen of Denmark
r. 1972-2024
1940-present| | Harald V
King of Norway
r. 1991-present
1937-present| | | | | | | | | | Constantine II
King of the Hellenes
r. 1964-1973
1940-2023| | Charles III
King of the United Kingdom
r. 2022-present
1948-present
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Friedrich Ferdinand
Duke of
Schleswig-Holstein
r. 2023-present
1985-present| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## List of head of the House of Oldenburg

[edit]

* Main line of Oldenburg (1101-1863, Counts of Oldenburg: 1101-1448, Kings of Denmark: 1448-1863)
* Elimar I (1040-1112, Reign: 1091-1108) - Count of Oldenburg
* Elimar II (1070-1142, Reign: 1108-1142) - Count of Oldenburg
* Christian I (1123-1167, Reign: 1142-1167) - Count of Oldenburg
* Maurice (1145-1209, Reign: 1167-1209) - Count of Oldenburg
* Otto I (1175-1251, Reign: 1209-1251) - Count of Oldenburg
* Christian II (1184-1233, Reign: 1209-1233) - Count of Oldenburg
* John I (1204-1270, Reign: 1233-1270) - Count of Oldenburg
* Christian III (?-1285, Reign: 1270-1285) - Count of Oldenburg
* Otto II (?-1112, Reign: 1272-1278) - Count of Oldenburg
* John II (?-1315, Reign: 1285-1315) - Count of Oldenburg
* Christian IV (?-1323, Reign: 1315-1323) - Count of Oldenburg
* John III (1295-1345, Reign: 1315-1345) - Count of Oldenburg
* Conrad I (?-1347, Reign: 1324-1347) - Count of Oldenburg
* John IV (?-1356, Reign: 1345-1356) - Count of Oldenburg
* Conrad II (?-1401, Reign: 1347-1401) - Count of Oldenburg
* Christian V (1342-1399, Reign: 1368-1398) - Count of Oldenburg
* Maurice II (1381-1420, Reign: 1401-1420) - Count of Oldenburg
* Cristian VI (1394-1421, Reign: 1403-1421) - Count of Oldenburg
* Dietrich (1390-1440, Reign: 1403-1440) - Count of Oldenburg
* Christian I (1426-1481) - Count of Oldenburg (Reign: 1440-1448), King of Denmark (Reign: 1448-1481)
* John (1455-1513, Reign: 1481-1513) - King of Denmark
* Christian II (1481-1559, Reign: 1513-1523) - King of Denmark
* Frederick I (1471-1533, Reign: 1523-1533) - King of Denmark
* Christian III (1503-1559, Reign: 1534-1559) - King of Denmark
* Frederick II (1534-1588, Reign: 1559-1588) - King of Denmark
* Christian IV (1577-1648, Reign: 1588-1648) - King of Denmark
* Frederick III (1609-1670, Reign: 1648-1670) - King of Denmark
* Christian V (1646-1699, Reign: 1670-1699) - King of Denmark
* Frederick IV (1671-1730, Reign: 1699-1730) - King of Denmark
* Christian VI (1699-1746, Reign: 1730-1746) - King of Denmark
* Frederick V (1723-1766, Reign: 1746-1766) - King of Denmark
* Christian VII (1749-1808, Reign: 1766-1808) - King of Denmark
* Frederick VI (1768-1839, Reign: 1808-1839) - King of Denmark
* Christian VIII (1786-1848, Reign: 1839-1848) - King of Denmark
* Frederick VII (1808-1863, Reign: 1848-1863) - King of Denmark
* Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (1863-)
* Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1863-1931)
* Christian August II (1798-1869, Reign: 1863-1869) - Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augsthenburg
* Frederick VIII (1829-1880, Reign: 1869-1880) - Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (nominally)
* Ernst Günther II (1863-1921, Reign: 1880-1921) - Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (nominally)
* Albert (1869-1931, Reign: 1921-1931) - Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (nominally)
* Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1931-)
* Friedrich Ferdinand (1855-1934, Reign: 1931-1934) - Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (nominally)
* Wilhelm Friedrich (1891-1965, Reign: 1934-1965) - Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (nominally)
* Peter (1922-1980, Reign: 1965-1980) - Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (nominally)
* Christoph (: 1949-2023, Reign: 1980-2023) - Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (nominally)
* Friedrich Ferdinand (1985 -present, Reign: 2023-present) - Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (nominally)

## Line of succession

[edit]

By agnatic primogeniture:

* Frederick I of Denmark (1471–1533)
* Christian III of Denmark (1503–1559)
* John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (1545–1622)
* Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (1573–1627)
* August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1612–1675)
* Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1653–1728)
* Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1697–1775)
* Prince Karl Anton August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1727–1759)
* Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1757–1816)
* Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1785–1831)
* Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1814–1885)
* Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (1855–1934)
* Wilhelm Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (1891–1965)
* Peter, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (1922–1980)
* Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (1949–2023)
* Friedrich Ferdinand, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1985)
* (1) Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 2019)
* (2) Prince Albert of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 2020)
* (3) Prince Constantin of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1986)
* (4) Prince Tassilo of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 2023)
* (5) Prince Leopold of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1991)
* (6) Prince Alexander of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1953)
* (7) Prince Julian of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1997)
* Christian IX of Denmark (1818–1906)
* Frederick VIII of Denmark (1843–1912)
* Christian X of Denmark (1870–1947)
* Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (1900–1976)
* (8) Count Ingolf of Rosenborg (b. 1940)
* Haakon VII of Norway (1872–1957)
* Olav V of Norway (1903–1991)
* (9) Harald V of Norway (b. 1937)
* (10) Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway (b. 1973)
* (11) Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway (b. 2005)
* Prince Harald of Denmark (1876–1949)
* Count Oluf of Rosenborg (1923–1990)
* (12) Count Ulrik of Rosenborg (b. 1950)
* (13) Count Philip of Rosenborg (b. 1986)
* George I of Greece (1845–1913)
* Constantine I of Greece (1868–1923)
* Paul of Greece (1901–1964)
* Constantine II of Greece (1940–2023)
* (14) Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece (b. 1967)
* (15) Prince Constantine Alexios of Greece and Denmark (b. 1998)
* (16) Prince Achileas Andreas of Greece and Denmark (b. 2000)
* (17) Prince Odysseas Kimon of Greece and Denmark (b. 2004)
* (18) Prince Aristide Stavros of Greece and Denmark (b. 2008)
* (19) Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark (b. 1969)
* (20) Prince Philippos of Greece and Denmark (b. 1986)
* Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (1882–1944)
* Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1921–2021)
* (21) Charles III of the United Kingdom (b. 1948)
* (22) William, Prince of Wales (b. 1982)
* (23) Prince George of Wales (b. 2013)
* (24) Prince Louis of Wales (b. 2018)
* (25) Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (b. 1984)
* (26) Prince Archie of Sussex (b. 2019)
* (27) Prince Andrew, Duke of York (b. 1960)
* (28) Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh (b. 1964)
* (29) James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex (b. 2007)
* Prince Valdemar of Denmark (1858–1939)
* Prince Axel of Denmark (1888–1964)
* Count Flemming of Rosenborg (1922–2002)
* (30) Count Axel of Rosenborg (b. 1950)
* (31) Count Carl Johan of Rosenborg (b. 1979)
* (32) Count Valdemar of Rosenborg (b. 2014)
* (33) Count Alexander Flemming of Rosenborg (b. 1993)
* (34) Count Birger of Rosenborg (b. 1950)
* (35) Count Carl Johan of Rosenborg (b. 1952)
* Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg (1890–1950)
* Count Christian of Rosenborg (1932–1997)
* (36) Count Valdemar of Rosenborg (b. 1965)
* (37) Count Nicolai of Rosenborg (b. 1997)
* Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1526–1586)
* John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1575–1616)
* Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1597–1659)
* Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1641–1695)
* Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1671–1702)
* Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1700–1739)
* Peter III of Russia (1728–1762)
* Paul I of Russia (1728–1762)
* Nicholas I of Russia (1796-1855)
* Alexander II of Russia (1818-1881)
* Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia (1860-1919)
* Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia (1891-1941)
* Prince Paul Dimitrievich Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (1928-2004)
* (38) Prince Dimitri Pavlovich Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (b. 1954)
* (39) Prince Michael Pavlovich Romanovsky-Ilyinsky (b. 1961)
* Prince George Alexandrovich Yurievsky (1872-1913)
* Prince Alexander Georgijevich Yurievsky (1900-1988)
* (not in line of succession as his grandfather Prince George was born out of wedlock) Prince George Alexandrovich Yurievsky (b. 1961)
* Grand Duke Michael Nicolaevich of Russia (1832-1909)
* Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia (1866-1933)
* Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia (1897-1981)
* Andrew Andreevich, Prince of Russia (1923-2021)
* (40) Alexis Andreevich, Prince of Russia (b. 1953)
* (41) Prince Peter Andreevich of Russia (b. 1961)
* (42) Prince Andrew Andreevich of Russia (b. 1963)
* Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia (1902-1978)
* Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich of Russia (1938-1999)
* (43) Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich of Russia (b. 1985)
* (not in line of succession as he was born out of wedlock) Prince Rostislav Rostislavovich of Russia (b. 2013)
* (44) Prince Nikita Rostislavovich of Russia (b. 1987)
* Prince Nicholas Rostislavovich of Russia (1945-2000)
* (45) Prince Nicholas Nicolaevich of Russia (b. 1968)
* (46) Prince Daniel Nicolaevich of Russia (b. 1972)
* (47) Prince Jackson Daniel Danielaevich of Russia (b. 2009)
* Prince Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp (1673-1726)
* Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp (1719-1763)
* Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1755-1829)
* Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1783-1853)
* Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1827-1900)
* Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1852-1931)
* Nikolaus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1897-1970)
* Anton Günther, Duke of Oldenburg (1923-2014)
* (48) Christian, Duke of Oldenburg (b. 1955)
* (49) Alexander, Hereditary Duke of Oldenburg (b. 1990)
* (50) Duke Philipp of Oldenburg (b. 1991)
* (51) Duke Anton Friedrich of Oldenburg (b. 1993)
* Duke Peter of Oldenburg (1926-2016)
* (52) Duke Nikolaus of Oldenburg (b. 1955)
* (53) Duke Christoph of Oldenburg (b. 1985)
* (54) Duke Georg of Oldenburg (b. 1990)
* (55) Duke Oscar of Oldenburg (b. 1991)
* Duke Friedrich August of Oldenburg (1936–2017)
* (56) Duke Paul-Wladimir of Oldenburg (b. 1969)
* (57) Duke Kirill of Oldenburg (b. 2002)
* (58) Duke Carlos of Oldenburg (b. 2004)
* (59) Duke Paul of Oldenburg (b. 2005)
* (60) Duke Louis of Oldenburg (b. 2012)
* (61) Duke Huno of Oldenburg (b. 1940)
* (62) Duke Johann of Oldenburg (b. 1940)
* (63) Duke Konstantin Nikolaus of Oldenburg (b. 1975)

## Historical images

[edit]

* The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg bordered Bremen and the Kingdom of Hanover and included the islands of Wangerooge and Mellum

* The Duchy of Oldenburg in 1789 (in the northwest, Hzm. Oldenburg, light green)

* Oldenburg Palace in Oldenburg

* Coat of arms of the counts of Oldenburg at Oldenburg Palace: red stripes on gold for Oldenburg; golden cross on blue for Delmenhorst

## Prominent members

[edit]

* The first Oldenburg king was Christian I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (1426–1481)

* King Charles III of the United Kingdom (*1948)

* Queen Margrethe II (*1940) was the last Oldenburg monarch on the Danish throne when she abdicated in 2024

* King Harald V of Norway (*1937)

* Sweden's most prominent Oldenburg king was Gustav III (1746–1792)

* Nicholas II (1868–1918) was the last Emperor of Russia

* Former King Constantine II (1940-2023) and Queen Anne-Marie (*1946) of Greece, both Oldenburgs, she being a princess of Denmark

* Former Queen Sofía of Spain, Princess of Greece and Denmark (*1938)

* Frederick Augustus II (1852–1931) was the last ruling Grand Duke of Oldenburg

* Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (1949–2023), head of the House of Oldenburg for 43 years from 1980[5]

## See also

[edit]

* Counts, dukes and grand dukes of Oldenburg
* List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein (contains more information about the partitions of Schleswig and Holstein)
* List of members of the House of Oldenburg (male descendants)
* Family tree of Oldenburg monarchs of Denmark
* Oldenborg Dynasty Family Tree (in Czech)
* Genealogy of the House of Oldenburg from 1040 to the present day (in German)
* Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, for the minor branches of the House of Oldenburg
* Coat of arms of Oldenburg
* Armorial of the House of Oldenburg (in French)

## Footnotes

[edit]

1. ^ Although Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, his children and his sons' children are patrilineally descended from this branch, his male-line descendants bearing the style of "Majesty" or "Royal Highness" are de jure members of the House of Windsor, by declaration of the British monarch. (seeRoyal Styles and Titles – 1960 Letters Patent). In July 1947, prior to his engagement to Princess Elizabeth, Philip relinquished his Greek and Danish royal titles and styles and became a naturalised British subject, adopting his maternal grandparents' surname of Mountbatten.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser, Band XVII, "Oldenburg". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2004, pp. 44–50 (in German). ISBN 9783798008335.
2. ^ Burke's Royal Families of the World, p. 60. ISBN 0-85011-023-8.
3. ^ Year: 1863; Quantity released: 101,000 coin; Weight: 28.893 gram; Composition: Silver 87.5%; Diameter: 39.5 mm – https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces23580.html
4. ^ Burke's Royal Families of the World. p. 326\. ISBN 0850110238.
5. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser, Band XVI, "Haus Holstein". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2001, pp. 44-50 (in German). ISBN 3-7980-0824-8.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to House of Oldenburg.

* Marek, Miroslav, The House of Oldenburg, Genealogy.EU.

House of Oldenburg

Preceded by

House of Romanov

|  Imperial house of Russia
1762–1917  | Vacant

February Revolution

Preceded by

House of Wittelsbach

|  Royal house of Greece
1863–1973  | Monarchy abolished
Preceded by

House of Palatinate-Neumarkt

|  Royal house of Denmark
1448–present  | Present house
(branch: Glücksburg)
Preceded by

House of Bernadotte

|  Royal house of Norway
1905–present
Vacant

Title last held by

House of Bonde |  Royal house of Norway
1450–1818  | Succeeded by

House of Bernadotte

Royal house of Sweden
1457–1464  | Vacant

Title next held by

House of Bonde
Royal house of Sweden
1497–1501  | Vacant
Vacant |  Royal house of Sweden
1520–1521  | Vacant

Title next held by

House of Vasa
Preceded by

House of Schaumburg

|  Comital House of Holstein
1460–1474  | County raised to duchy
Ducal house of Schleswig
1474–1864  | Second Schleswig War
County raised to duchy  |  Ducal House of Holstein
1474–1864
Vacant

Title last held by

House of Hanover |  Ducal House of Saxe-Lauenburg
1814–1864  | Vacant

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House of Hohenzollern

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