House of Wittelsbach

German royal family of Bavaria

"Wittelsbach" redirects here. For other uses, see Wittelsbach (disambiguation).

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House of Wittelsbach

Parent house| Luitpoldings(?)
Country| Bavaria, Cologne, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kalmar Union, Sweden, Palatinate, Lusatia
Founded| 11th century
Founder| Otto I
Current head| Franz, Duke of Bavaria
Final ruler| Ludwig III
Titles|

* Holy Roman Emperor
* King of the Romans
* King of Hungary
* King of Denmark
* King of Sweden
* King of Norway
* King of Greece
* King of Bavaria
* Duke of Bavaria
* Elector of Bavaria
* Elector of the Palatinate
* Elector of Cologne
* Count of Holland
* Duke of Cumberland

Deposition| 13 November 1918
Cadet branches|

* Bavaria branch: (extinct)

Bavaria-Landshut
Bavaria-Straubing
Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Bavaria-Munich

Palatinate branch: (extant)

Palatinate-Simmern
Palatinate-Sulzbach
Palatinate-Neumarkt
Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Palatinate-Birkenfeld

Löwenstein: (morganatic, extant)

Löwenstein-Scharffeneck
Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg

Coat of arms (13th to 14th century). The white-and-blue lozenges came to the family when Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria acquired the county of Bogen in 1240 Coat of arms (15th century), the Wittelsbach (Bogen) lozenges quartered with the lion of the Palatinate. Bavarian Royalty
House of Wittelsbach

Maximilian I Joseph

Children
Ludwig I
Princess Augusta
Princess Amalie Marie
Princess Charlotte
Prince Karl Theodor
Prince Karl Friedrich
Elisabeth Ludovika, Queen of Prussia
Princess Amalie Auguste
Archduchess Sophie of Austria
Maria Anna, Queen of Saxony
Princess Ludovika
Princess Maximiliana
Ludwig I

Children
Maximilian II
Mathilde, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine
Otto of Greece
Princess Theodelinde
Prince Regent Luitpold
Adelgunde, Duchess of Modena
Archduchess Hildegarde, Duchess of Teschen
Princess Alexandra
Prince Adalbert
Grandchildren
Ludwig III
Prince Leopold
Princess Therese
Prince Arnulf
Prince Ludwig Ferdinand
Prince Alfons
Princess Isabella, Duchess of Genoa
Princess Elvira
Princess Clara
Great-Grandchildren
Elisabeth Marie, Countess Otto of Seefried and Buttenheim
Archduchess Auguste of Austria
Prince Georg
Prince Konrad
Prince Heinrich
Prince Ferdinand
Prince Adalbert
Princess Pilar
Prince Joseph Clemens
Princess Elizabeth Maria, Countess of Kageneck
Great-Great-Grandchildren
Princess Amalie Isabella, Mrs. Poletti
Prince Eugen
Infante Luis of Spain
Infante José of Spain
Maria, Princess Irakli Bagration of Mukhrani
Infanta Marie of Spain
Prince Konstantin
Prince Alexander
Great-Great-Great-Grandchildren
Prince Leopold
Prince Adalbert
Princess Ysabel, Baroness of Stichsenstein
Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandchildren
Prince Manuel
Princess Maria del Pilar
Princess Maria Felipa, Mrs. Dienst
Prince Konstantin
Princess Bernadette
Prince Hubertus
Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandchildren
Prince Leopold
Princess Alva
Maximilian II

Children
Ludwig II
Otto
Ludwig II
Otto I
Ludwig III

Children
Crown Prince Rupprecht
Adelgunde, Princess of Hohenzollern
Princess Maria, Duchess of Calabria
Prince Karl
Prince Franz
Mathilde, Princess Ludwig of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince Wolfgang
Princess Hildegarde
Princess Notburga
Princess Wiltrud, Duchess of Urach
Princess Helmtrud
Princess Dietlinde
Gundelinde, Countess Johann Georg von Preysing-Lichtenegg-Moos
Grandchildren
Hereditary Prince Luitpold
Princess Irmingard Maria
Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Prince Rudolf
Prince Heinrich
Princess Irmingard
Princess Editha, Mrs. Schmer
Princess Hildegard, Mrs. de Loayza
Princess Gabrielle, Duchess of Cröy
Princess Sophie, Duchess of Arenberg
Prince Ludwig
Maria Elisabeth, Princess Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza
Aldegunde Maria, Baroness Zdenko von Hoenning-O'Carroll
Adelgunde, Countess Konstantin of Waldburg-Zeil
Dorothea, Dowager Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Prince Rasso
Great-Grandchildren
Marie Gabrielle, Princess of Waldburg-Zeil
Marie Charlotte, Princess of Quadt
Franz, Duke of Bavaria
Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria
Prince Luitpold
Princess Irmingard Maria
Princess Philippa
Maria-Theresia, Countess Tamas Kornis de Goncz-Ruszka
Prince Franz-Josef
Elisabeth, Countess Andreas von Kuefstein
Prince Wolfgang
Princess Benedikta, Baroness von Freyberg-Eisenberg
Prince Christoph
Gisela, Margravine of Meissen
Great-Great-Grandchildren
Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein
Marie-Caroline, Duchess Philipp of Württemberg
Princess Hélène
Princess Elizabeth, Mrs. Terberger
Princess Maria-Anna, Mrs. Runow
Auguste, Princess Ferdinand of Lippe-Weissenfeld
Alice, Princess Lukas of Auersperg
Prince Ludwig
Prince Heinrich
Prince Karl
Prince Tassilo
Prince Richard
Prince Philipp
Prince Corbian
Prince Stanislaus
Prince Marcello
Princess Odilia

* v
* t
* e

The House of Wittelsbach (German: Haus Wittelsbach) is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, Holland, Zeeland, Sweden (with Swedish-ruled Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Bohemia, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.

The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British monarchy, are descendants of Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714), a Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate by birth and Electress of Hanover by marriage, who had inherited the succession rights of the House of Stuart and passed them on to the House of Hanover.[1][2]

## History

[edit]

When Otto I, Count of Scheyern (himself of uncertain origins) died in 1072, his third son Otto II, Count of Scheyern acquired Wittelsbach Castle (near Aichach). The Counts of Scheyern left Scheyern Castle (constructed around 940) in 1119 for Wittelsbach Castle and the former was given to monks to establish Scheyern Abbey. The origins of the Counts of Scheyern are unclear. Some speculative theories link them to Margrave Henry of Schweinfurt and his father Berthold, whose background is also disputed. Some speculate that the Schweinfurters may be descendants of the Luitpolding dynasty, the Bavarian dukes of the 10th century.

The Wittelsbach Conrad of Scheyern-Dachau, a great-grandson of Otto I, Count of Scheyern, became Duke of Merania in 1153 and was succeeded by his son Conrad II. It was the first duchy held by the Wittelsbach family (until 1180/82).

Otto I's eldest son Eckhard I, Count of Scheyern was father of the count palatine of Bavaria, Otto IV (died 1156), who was the first Count of Wittelsbach and whose son Otto was invested with the Duchy of Bavaria in 1180 after the fall of Henry the Lion and hence the first Bavarian ruler from the House of Wittelsbach. Duke Otto's son Louis I, Duke of Bavaria acquired the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1214.

Throughout history, members of the royal house have reigned as Dukes of Merania (1153–1180/82); Dukes, Electors, and Kings of Bavaria (1180–1918); Counts Palatine of the Rhine (1214–1803 and 1816–1918); Margraves of Brandenburg (1323–1373); Counts of Holland, Hainaut, and Zeeland (1345–1433); Elector-Archbishops of Cologne (1583–1761); Dukes of Jülich and Berg (1614–1794/1806); Kings of Sweden (1441–1448 and 1654–1720); and Dukes of Bremen-Verden (1654–1719).

The family also provided two Holy Roman Emperors (1328–1347/1742–1745), one King of the Romans (1400–1410), two Anti-Kings of Bohemia (1619–20/1742–43), one King of Hungary (1305–1308), one King of Denmark and Norway (1440–1448), and one King of Greece (1832–1862).

## Bavaria and Palatinate within the Holy Roman Empire

[edit]

The Wittelsbach dominions within the Holy Roman Empire (Bavaria, The Netherlands and Palatinate) 1373 are shown as  Wittelsbach, among the houses of  Luxembourg which acquired Brandenburg that year and  Habsburg which had acquired Tyrol in 1369

The Wittelsbach dynasty ruled the German territories of Bavaria from 1180 to 1918 and the Electorate of the Palatinate from 1214 until 1805. In both countries they had succeeded rulers from the House of Welf. The Duchy of Bavaria was elevated to the Electorate of Bavaria in 1623, and in 1806, Napoleon elevated it to the Kingdom of Bavaria. In 1815, the majority of the Palatinate was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Baden, with the remainder becoming the Circle of the Rhine.

On Duke Otto II's death in 1253, his sons divided the Wittelsbach possessions between them: Henry became Duke of Lower Bavaria, and Louis II Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine. When Henry's branch died out in 1340 the Emperor Louis IV, a son of Duke Louis II, reunited the duchy.

The family provided two Holy Roman Emperors: Louis IV (1314–1347) and Charles VII (1742–1745), both members of the Bavarian branch of the family, and one German King with Rupert of Germany (1400–1410), a member of the Palatinate branch.

The House of Wittelsbach split into these two branches in 1329: Under the Treaty of Pavia, Emperor Louis IV granted the Palatinate including the Bavarian Upper Palatinate to his brother Duke Rudolf's descendants, Rudolf II, Rupert I and Rupert II. Rudolf I in this way became the ancestor of the older (Palatinate) line of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which returned to power also in Bavaria in 1777 after the extinction of the younger (Bavarian) line, the descendants of Louis IV.

Through the efforts of Louis IV, the Wittelsbachs controlled the Duchy of Bavaria, the Electorate of the Palatine, the County of Tyrol, the Margraviate of Brandenburg, the County of Holland, County of Zeeland and the County of Hainault. This gave them a chance to dominate the Empire as the previous imperial houses of Hohenstaufen, Salians, Ottonians and Carolingians had. However, in the next generation they were outmaneuvered in Imperial politics by the Habsburgs and the most importantly by the Luxemburgs who both held compact and large possessions in the Duchy of Austria for the former and the Kingdom of Bohemia for the latter that allowed them to expand eastward.

### Bavarian branch

[edit]

The Bavarian branch kept the Duchy of Bavaria until its extinction in 1777.

The Electorate of Bavaria highlighted on a map of the Holy Roman Empire in 1648

The Wittelsbach Emperor Louis IV acquired Brandenburg (1323), Tyrol (1342), Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut (1345) for his House but he had also released the Upper Palatinate for the Palatinate branch of the Wittelsbach in 1329. His six sons succeeded him as Duke of Bavaria and Count of Holland and Hainaut in 1347. The Wittelsbachs lost the Tyrol with the death of Duke Meinhard and the following Peace of Schärding – the Tyrol was finally renounced to the Habsburgs in 1369. In 1373 Otto, the last Wittelsbach regent of Brandenburg, released the country to the House of Luxembourg. On Duke Albert's death in 1404, he was succeeded in the Netherlands by his eldest son, William. A younger son, John III, became Prince-Bishop of Liège. However, on William's death in 1417, a war of succession broke out between John and William's daughter Jacqueline of Hainaut. This last episode of the Hook and Cod wars finally left the counties in Burgundian hands in 1433. Emperor Louis IV had reunited Bavaria in 1340 but from 1349 onwards Bavaria was split among the descendants of Louis IV, who created the branches Bavaria-Landshut, Bavaria-Straubing, Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Munich. With the Landshut War of Succession Bavaria was reunited in 1505 against the claim of the Palatinate branch under the Bavarian branch Bavaria-Munich.

From 1549 to 1567 the Wittelsbach owned the County of Kladsko in Bohemia.

Strictly Catholic by upbringing, the Bavarian dukes became leaders of the German Counter-Reformation. From 1583 to 1761, the Bavarian branch of the dynasty provided the Prince-electors and Archbishops of Cologne and many other bishops of the Holy Roman Empire, namely Liège (1581–1763). Wittelsbach princes served at times as Bishops of Regensburg, Freising, Münster, Hildesheim, Paderborn and Osnabrück, and as Grand Master of the Teutonic Order.

In 1623 under Maximilian I the Bavarian dukes were invested with the electoral dignity and the duchy became the Electorate of Bavaria. His grandson Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria served also as Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (1692–1706) and as Duke of Luxembourg (1712–1714). His son Emperor Charles VII also claimed the throne of Bohemia (1741–1743). With the death of Charles' son Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria the Bavarian branch died out in 1777.

### Palatinate branch

[edit]

The Electorate of the Palatinate (red) which lost the yellow territories in 1505, after the War of the Succession of Landshut

The Palatinate branch kept the Palatinate until 1918, having succeeded also to Bavaria in 1777. With the Golden Bull of 1356 the Counts Palatine were invested with the electoral dignity, their county became the Electorate of the Palatinate. Princes of the Palatinate branch served as bishops of the Empire and also as Elector-Archbishop-Electors of Mainz and Archbishop-Electors of Trier.

After the death of the Wittelsbach king Rupert of Germany in 1410 the Palatinate lands began to split under numerous branches of the family such as Neumarkt, Simmern, Zweibrücken, Birkenfeld, Neuburg and Sulzbach. When the senior branch of the Palatinate branch died out in 1559, the electorate passed to Frederick III of Simmern, a staunch Calvinist, and the Palatinate became one of the major centers of Calvinism in Europe, supporting Calvinist rebellions in both the Netherlands and France.

The Neuburg cadet branch of the Palatinate branch also held the Duchy of Jülich and Berg from 1614 onwards: When the last duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg died without direct heirs in 1609, the War of the Jülich succession broke out, ended by the 1614 Treaty of Xanten, which divided the separate duchies between Palatinate-Neuburg and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Jülich and Berg fell to the Wittelsbach Count Palatine Wolfgang William of Neuburg.

In 1619, the Protestant Frederick V, Elector Palatine became King of Bohemia but was defeated by the Catholic Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, a member of the Bavarian branch. As a result, the Upper Palatinate had to be ceded to the Bavarian branch in 1623, along with the Imperial office of Arch-Steward. When the Thirty Years' War concluded with the Treaty of Münster (also called the Peace of Westphalia) in 1648, a new additional electorate was created for the Count Palatine of the Rhine, along with the new office of Imperial Arch-Treasurer. During their exile Frederick's sons, especially Prince Rupert of the Rhine, gained fame in England.

Heidelberg Castle, the seat of the Electors of Palatinate until destroyed by the French in March 1689.

The house of Palatinate of Zweibrücken-Kleeburg as heir to the Swedish throne ruled simultaneously the Duchy of Bremen-Verden (1654–1719).

In 1685, the Simmern line died out, and the Catholic Philip William, Count Palatine of Neuburg inherited the Palatinate (and also Duke of Jülich and Berg). During the reign of Johann Wilhelm (1690–1716) the Electoral residence moved to Düsseldorf in Berg. His brother and successor Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine moved the Palatinate's capital back to Heidelberg in 1718 and then to Mannheim in 1720. To strengthen the union of all lines of the Wittelsbach dynasty Charles Philip organized a wedding on 17 January 1742 when his granddaughters were married to Charles Theodore of Palatinate-Sulzbach and to the Bavarian prince Clement. In the imperial election a few days later Charles III Philip voted for his Bavarian cousin Prince-Elector Charles Albert. After extinction of the Neuburg branch in 1742, the Palatinate was inherited by Duke Charles Theodore of the branch Palatinate-Sulzbach.

After the extinction of the Bavarian branch in 1777, a succession dispute and the brief War of the Bavarian Succession, the Palatinate-Sulzbach branch under Elector Charles Theodore succeeded also in Bavaria.

With the death of Charles Theodore in 1799 all Wittelsbach land in Bavaria and the Palatinate was reunited under Maximilian IV Joseph, a member of the branch Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld. At the time there were two surviving branches of the Wittelsbach family: Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (headed by Maximilian Joseph) and Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen (headed by Count Palatine William). Maximilian Joseph inherited Charles Thedore's title of Elector of Bavaria, while William was compensated with the title of Duke in Bavaria. The form Duke in Bavaria was selected because in 1506 primogeniture had been established in the House of Wittelsbach resulting in there being only one reigning Duke of Bavaria at any given time. Maximillian Joseph assumed the title of king as Maximilian I Joseph on 1 January 1806. The new king still served as a Prince-elector until the Kingdom of Bavaria left the Holy Roman Empire (1 August 1806).

## Kingdom of Bavaria, 1806–1918

[edit]

The Bavarian Army was involved in the Austrian defeat at Hohenlinden, and General Jean Victor Marie Moreau once more occupied Munich. By the Treaty of Lunéville (9 February 1801), Bavaria lost the Palatinate and the duchies of Zweibrücken and Jülich. In view of the scarcely disguised ambitions and intrigues of the Austrian court, prime minister Montgelas now believed that the interests of Bavaria lay in a frank alliance with the French Republic; he succeeded in overcoming the reluctance of Maximilian Joseph; and, on 24 August, a separate treaty of peace and alliance with France was signed at Paris, which allied Bavaria with France.

The 1805 Peace of Pressburg (now Bratislava) between Emperor Napoleon of France and Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, as a consequence of the French victory over the Russians and Austrians at the Battle of Austerlitz (2 December), allowed Maximilian to raise Bavaria to the status of a kingdom. Accordingly, Maximilian proclaimed himself king on 1 January 1806. The King still served as an elector until Bavaria seceded from the Holy Roman Empire on 1 August 1806, joining the Confederation of the Rhine. The Duchy of Berg was ceded to Napoleon only in 1806.

Royal Bavarian coat of arms The Electorate of Bavaria including the Electorate of Palatinate (light green, in the old borders around 1800); the new Kingdom of Bavaria (1816, dark green line, with slightly shifted and rounded Palatinate territory and after the loss of the areas of the Duchy of Berg further north on the Rhine, but expanded to include previously ecclesiastical territories, i.e. Franconia and areas of Swabia, as well as small areas on the border with Austria in the south); and today's state of Bavaria (black line border).

The Congress of Vienna 1814−15 led to the establishment of significant territorial gains for the Kingdom of Bavaria. Although the Duchy of Berg remained lost, almost all of Franconia, previously ruled by a number of Prince-bishops, as well as parts of Swabia, which had belonged to various mediatised secular and ecclesiastic princes, came under Bavarian rule. In both areas a number of formerly free imperial cities were also integrated into the kingdom. The previously heavily fragmented Palatinate territory was rounded off and partially moved. Smaller, mostly ecclesiastical territories on the southern border with Austria were also added. In this way, the border of Bavaria, which largely still exists today, was redefined and the state grew by more than a third in size.

Under Maximilian's descendants, Bavaria became the third most powerful German state, behind only Prussia and Austria. When the German Empire was formed in 1871, Bavaria became the new empire's second most powerful state after Prussia. The Wittelsbachs reigned as kings of Bavaria until the German Revolution of 1918–1919. On 12 November 1918 Ludwig III issued the Anif declaration (German: Anifer Erklärung) at Anif Palace in Austria,[3] in which he released his soldiers and officials from their oath of loyalty to him and ended the 738-year rule of the House of Wittelsbach in Bavaria.[4] The republican movement thereupon declared a republic.

## Activities during the Nazi regime, 1933–1945

[edit]

Before and during the Second World War, the Wittelsbachs were anti-Nazi. Crown Prince Rupert had earned Hitler's eternal enmity by opposing the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. In 1933, shortly after Hitler's rise to power, he protested against the appointment of governors at the head of the federal states and thus the de facto abolition of German federalism. In 1938, he emigrated to Italy and, after the German Army occupied Italy in September 1943, went into hiding in Florence.

His son, Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria, initially left Germany for Hungary with his family, but was eventually arrested by the Gestapo in October 1944, after Germany had occupied Hungary in March. With his wife, four children and three half-sisters, he was sent to a series of Nazi concentration camps, including Oranienburg, Flossenbürg and Dachau.[5][6] Badly hit by hunger and disease, the family barely survived.[7] At the end of April 1945, they were liberated by the United States Third Army.

## Current position of the head of the house

[edit]

Albrecht's eldest son, Franz von Bayern (Francis of Bavaria) is the current head of the house.

In the course of the division of state and house assets after the end of the kingdom, the Wittelsbach Compensation Fund (Wittelsbacher Ausgleichsfonds) was established through a compromise in 1923 and the Wittelsbach State Foundation for Art and Science was established by the former Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria. The Wittelsbach State Foundation received the Wittelsbach family's art treasures acquired before 1804 and has since been the owner, although not the manager, of a large part of the holdings of the ancient and classical art museums in Munich, while more recent art collections came into the possession of the compensation fund, into which most of the possessions from the former Wittelsbach House Property Fund were transferred in 1923, including art treasures and collections (in particular the art collection of King Ludwig I, today mostly in the museums Alte Pinakothek and Neue Pinakothek and in the Glyptothek in Munich), the Secret House Archives (today a department of the Bavarian State Archives) and the former royal castles of Berg, Hohenschwangau (including the Museum of the Bavarian Kings), Berchtesgaden and Grünau hunting lodge.[8]

The respective head of the House of Wittelsbach appoints a board of up to 8 directors of the foundation Wittelsbach Compensation Fund. He also appoints one of the 3 board members of the Wittelsbach State Foundation for Art and Science, while the other two are a representative of the Bavarian Ministry of Culture and a museum specialist appointed by the latter.[9] There are around 13,500 cultural items belonging to the Wittelsbach State Foundation while another 43,000 are owned by the Wittelsbach Compensation Fund, mainly shown in museums and collections such as the Pinakotheken.[10]

Nymphenburg Palace

The former Bavarian Royal Family receives around 14 million Euros in payments annually from the proceeds of the Wittelsbach Compensation Fund which also owns agricultural and forestry lands, while its main source of income is urban real estate in Munich.[11] The respective head of the family decides on their distribution and use.[12] He has the right to live in the castles mentioned. While Albrecht lived in Berg Palace from 1949 until the end of his life in 1996, his son and successor Franz primarily uses the side wing of the Nymphenburg Palace that is available to him. The administration of the House of Wittelsbach is also based there.

The private assets of the House of Wittelsbach include the castles of Tegernsee Abbey, Wildenwart (near Frasdorf), Leutstetten (near Starnberg) and Kaltenberg as well as agricultural lands and forestry with an area of 12,500 hectares, real estate and industrial shares. These include two breweries that only became significant after the Second World War: the Ducal Bavarian Brewery of Tegernsee and the König Ludwig Schlossbrauerei. Since 2011, the Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory is also owned by a member of the family.

The head of the house is also Grand Master of the Wittelsbach House Orders, the Royal Order of Saint George for the Defense of the Immaculate Conception, the Order of Saint Hubert and the Order of Theresa.

Duke Franz maintained the tradition founded by his father of holding a large annual reception with a sit-down dinner at Nymphenburg Palace. Around 1,500 mostly changing guests from state politics, municipalities, churches and sciences, art and medicine as well as friends and relatives are invited.[13] He also invites smaller groups of changing guests to Berchtesgaden Castle to discuss specific topics that are important to him. His 80th birthday party, in 2013, was held at the Schleissheim Palace near Munich. The party was attended by 2,500 guests including the then-incumbent Minister-President of Bavaria, Horst Seehofer.

In addition to numerous honorary positions in Bavaria, including many cultural and scientific institutions, Franz was also a member of the European Foundation for the Imperial Cathedral of Speyer in the State of Rhineland-Palatinate for many years, a position that his younger brother Duke Max Emanuel in Bavaria, has since taken over,[14] through which the House of Wittelsbach still maintains a connection to one of its former main territories, the Electoral Palatinate.

## Reign outside the Holy Roman Empire

[edit]

With Duke Otto III of Lower Bavaria, who was a maternal grandson of Béla IV of Hungary and was elected anti-king of Hungary and Croatia as Bela V (1305–1308) the Wittelsbach dynasty came to power outside the Holy Roman Empire for the first time. Otto had abdicated the Hungarian throne by 1308.

### Palatinate branch

[edit]

#### United Kingdom

[edit]

The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701 excluded non-Protestants from inheriting the throne of Great Britain, making Sophia of Hanover, a born princess of the House of Palatinate-Simmern, the heir presumptive upon Anne's death. Sophia died two months before Anne, however, and Sophia's eldest son George I of Great Britain succeeded the throne in 1714.[15][16] In this way, the House of Hanover inherited the British crown. It remained on the throne until the death of Queen Victoria in 1901.

The line of Jacobite succession, which recognises the right for a Catholic monarch from the House of Stuart, acknowledges Franz, Hereditary Prince of Bavaria to be the rightful heir as "Francis II". However, no individual since Henry Benedict Stuart has publicly taken up the claim.

#### Kingdom of Sweden

[edit]

The Swedish Empire following the Treaty of Roskilde of 1658

Christopher III of the House of Palatinate-Neumarkt was king of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway in 1440/1442–1448, but left no descendants.

The House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken succeeded to the monarchy of Sweden again 1654–1720 when Queen Christina of Sweden abdicated her throne on 5 June 1654 in favour of her cousin Charles X Gustav. Under Charles X, Charles XI, Charles XII, Sweden reached its greatest power (see Swedish Empire). Charles XII was succeeded by his sister Ulrika Eleonora.

Sweden reached its largest territorial extent under the rule of Charles X after the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. Charles's son Charles XI rebuilt the economy and refitted the army. His legacy to his son Charles XII was one of the finest arsenals in the world, a large standing army, and a large fleet. Charles XII was a skilled military leader and tactician. However, although he was also skilled as a politician, he was reluctant in making peace. While Sweden achieved several large scale military successes early on, and won the most battles, the Great Northern War eventually ended in Sweden's defeat and the end of the Swedish Empire. Charles was succeeded to the Swedish throne by his sister, Ulrika Eleonora. Her abdication in favour of her husband Frederick I in 1720 marked the end of Wittelsbach rule in Sweden.

#### Kingdom of Greece

[edit]

The Kingdom of Greece in 1861.

Prince Otto of Bavaria was chosen by the London Conference of 1832 to be king of newly independent Greece. This was confirmed by the Treaty of Constantinople, whereby Greece became a new independent kingdom under the protection of the Great Powers (the United Kingdom, France and the Russian Empire).

Throughout his reign, Otto faced political challenges concerning Greece's financial weakness and the role of the government in the affairs of the Church. The politics of Greece of this era was based on affiliations with the three Great Powers, and Otto's ability to maintain the support of the powers was key to his remaining in power. To remain strong, Otto had to play the interests of each of the Great Powers’ Greek adherents against the others, while not aggravating the Great Powers. Otto's standing amongst Greeks suffered when Greece was blockaded by the British Royal Navy in 1850 and 1853 to stop Greece from attacking the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War. As a result, there was an assassination attempt on his wife Queen Amalia in 1861. In 1862, Otto was deposed while in the countryside, and in 1863, the Greek National Assembly elected George I of the House of Glücksburg, aged only 17, King of the Hellenes, marking the end of Wittelsbach rule in Greece.

* The Old Royal Palace in Athens, built for King Otto I by Friedrich von Gärtner, 1841

* Propylaea in Munich, monument for the secundogeniture of the Wittelsbach in Greece

### Bavarian branch

[edit]

Joseph Ferdinand, a son of Maximilian II Emanuel, was the favored choice of England and the Netherlands to succeed as the ruler of Spain, and Charles II of Spain chose him as his heir. Due to the unexpected death of Joseph Ferdinand in 1699 the Wittelsbachs did not come to power in Spain, leaving the Spanish Succession uncertain again.

## Rulers

[edit]

### House of Wittelsbach

[edit]

#### Partitions under Wittelsbach rule

[edit]

| Duchy of Bavaria | County Palatine of the Rhine

|
|

County of Scheyern
(1050-1209)  |
County of Valley
(1123-1268)  | County of Dachau
(1072-1182)[17]
Briefly inherited by the Counts of Ortenburg
(1209-1248)
Duchy of Bavaria
(1180-1349)
(Scheyern line; Divided in Upper and Lower Bavaria in 1253-1340)
To Bavaria
| County Palatine of the Rhine
(1329-1356)

Raised to
Electorate of the Palatinate
(1356-1559)
Duchy of Lower Bavaria
(1349-1353)  | Duchy of Upper Bavaria
(1349-1363)
Duchy of Landshut
(1353-1505)  | Duchy of
Straubing
(1353-1425/33)[18]
Shared property between Straubing and Landshut
Duchy of Munich
(1392-1503)  | Duchy of Ingolstadt
(1392-1445)  |
(Divided between
the other duchies) |  | County of Neumarkt
(1410-1448)  |  |
Duchy of Landshut
(1353-1505)  |  | County of
Mosbach
(1410-1490)  |
| County of Simmern
(1st creation)
(1410-1598)  | County of Zweibrücken
(1459-1677)
Duchy of Bavaria
(1503-1623)

Raised to
Electorate of Bavaria
(1623-1806)  | County of Neuburg
(1505-1559)[19] |
| County of Veldenz
(1543-1694)  |
Annexed to Zweibrücken
(1559-1569) | Electorate of the Palatinate
(Simmern line)(1559-1685)[20] |
County of Neuburg
(Zweibrücken line)
(1569-1685)  |  | County of Sulzbach
(1569-1604)  | [21] | County of Birkenfeld
(1569-1731)[22]

| Annexed to Neuburg
(1604-1614) | County of Kleeburg
(1604-1718)  | County of Zweibrücken
(1459-1799)[23]
| County of Simmern
(2nd creation)
(1610-1674)  | County of Sulzbach
(Neuburg line)
(1614-1742)
|  | County of Gelnhausen
(1654-1799)

Duchy of Leuchtenberg
(1646-1705)[24] |  |  |

Electorate of the Palatinate
(Neuburg line)
(1685-1742)  |
|  |
Electorate of Bavaria
(1623-1806)  |  |
| (Kleeburg line 1718-31)[25] |
| (Birkenfeld line 1731-99)[25]
Electorate of the Palatinate
(Sulzbach line)
(1742-1799)
Electorate of the Palatinate
(Zweibrücken line)
(1799-1803)
Electorate of Bavaria
(1623-1806)

#### Table of rulers

[edit]

Ruler | Born | Reign | Ruling part | Consort | Death | Notes

|
|
|
|
|
|

Otto I |  | c.1020
(Possible) son of Heinrich I, Count of Pegnitz | c.1050 – December 1072 | County of Scheyern | ? of Reichersbeuern

Haziga of Diessen
1057

(four children in total)  | December 1072
aged 51-52 |
Eckhard |  | 1044
First son of Otto I | December 1072 – May 1091  | County of Scheyern | Richardis of Carniola-Orlamünde
three children  | May 1091
aged 46-47 | Children of Otto I, ruled jointly. Arnold took his own seat at Dachau.
Bernard |  | c.1045
Second son of Otto I | December 1072 – 2 March 1104 | Unmarried | 2 March 1104
Scheyern
aged
Otto II |  | c.1060
Third son of Otto I | December 1072 – 31 October 1120 | Richardis of Carniola-Orlamünde
four children  | 31 October 1120
aged 59-60
Arnold I |  | c.1060
Fourth son of Otto I | December 1072 – March 1123 | County of Dachau | Beatrix of Reipersberg
1204
one child  | March 1123
aged 62-63
Otto III |  | c.1090?
Son of Otto II and Richardis of Carniola-Orlamünde | 31 October 1120 – December 1130 | County of Scheyern | Unmarried | December 1130
aged 39-40? | Left no children. He was succeeded by his namesakee half-brother/cousin.
Conrad I |  | c.1090
First son of Arnold I and Beatrix of Reipersberg | March 1123 – November 1130  | County of Dachau | Willibirg of Carniola-Orlamünde
two children  | November 1130
aged 39-40 | Children of Arnold I, ruled jointly. Otto took his own seat at Valley.
Arnold II |  | c.1090
Second son of Arnold I and Beatrix of Reipersberg | March 1123 – April 1124 | Unmarried | April 1124
Oberschleißheim
aged 33-34
Otto I |  | c.1090
Third son of Arnold I and Beatrix of Reipersberg | March 1123 – November 1130 | County of Valley | Adelheid of Weilheim
five children  | November 1130
aged 39-40
Conrad II |  | c.1110
First son of Conrad I and Willibirg of Carniola-Orlamünde | November 1130 – 18 February 1159  | County of Dachau
(with the Duchy of Merania since 1152) | Adelaide of Limburg

Udehild of Falkenstein

two children in total  | 18 February 1159
aged 48-49? | Children of Conrad I, ruled jointly. Conrad acquired also the Duchy of Merania, which was directly inherited by his son. Th county of Dachau was only given to Conrad III after Arnold's abdication in 1172.
Arnold III |  | c.1110
Second son of Conrad I and Willibirg of Carniola-Orlamünde | November 1130 – 1172 | County of Dachau | Unmarried | November 1185
aged 74-75?
Conrad I |  | c.1110
Son of Otto I and Adelheid of Weilheim | November 1130 – 28 April 1162 | County of Valley | Agnes of Greifenstein
five children  | 1175
Valley
aged 39-40 |
Otto IV |  | 1083
Son of Eckhard and Richardis of Carniola-Orlamünde | December 1130 – 4 August 1156 | County of Scheyern | Heilika of Lengenfeld
13 July 1116
nine children  | 4 August 1156
Wittelsbach Castle
aged 72-73 |
Otto V & III the Redhead[26] |  | 1117
Kelheim
First son of Otto IV and Heilika of Lengenfeld | 4 August 1156 – 16 September 1180  | County of Scheyern | Agnes of Loon
1169
eleven children  | 11 July 1183
Pfullendorf
aged 65-66 | In 1180, received, from Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, the Duchy of Bavaria.
16 September 1180 – 11 July 1183 | Duchy of Bavaria
Otto II |  | c.1140
First son of Conrad I and Agnes of Greifenstein | 28 April 1162 – 29 October 1172  | County of Valley | Unmarried | November 1130
aged 39-40 | Children of Conrad I, ruled jointly.
Conrad II |  | c.1140
Second son of Conrad I and Agnes of Greifenstein | 28 April 1162 – 1196 | Matilda of Ortenburg
three children  | 1196
aged 65-66
Conrad III |  | c.1130
Son of Conrad II | 1172 – 8 October 1182  | County of Dachau
(with the Duchy of Merania since 1159) | Willibirg of Carniola-Orlamünde
two children  | 8 October 1182
aged 51-52 | After his death with no children, Dachau was absorbed by Bavaria.
Dachau annexed to the Duchy of Bavaria
Otto VI the Younger |  | c.1120
Second son of Otto IV and Heilika of Lengenfeld | 16 September 1180 – 18 August 1189 | County of Scheyern | Benedicta of Donauwörth
1204
one child  | 18 August 1189
aged 68-69 |
Regency of Agnes of Loon, Otto VI, Count of Scheyern and Conrad of Wittelsbach, Archbishop of Mainz (1183-1189)[27] | Obtained (through marriage) the Palatinate of the Rhine in 1214. He was assassinated in 1231.
Louis I the Kelheimer |  | 23 December 1173
Kelheim
Son of Otto V & III and Agnes of Loon | 11 July 1183 – 15 September 1231 | Duchy of Bavaria | Ludmilla of Bohemia
1204
one child  | 15 September 1231
Kelheim
aged 57
Otto VII |  | c.1160
Son of Otto VI and Benedicta of Donauwörth | 18 August 1189 – 7 March 1209 | County of Scheyern | Unmarried | 7 March 1209
Bad Abbach
aged 48-49 | Assassinated Philip of Swabia. After his death, Scheyern went briefly to the contol of the Ortenburg family, and then joined the Duchy of Bavaria.
Scheyern annexed to the County of Ortenburg, and then joined the Duchy of Bavaria
Otto III |  | c.1190
Son of Conrad II and Matilda of Ortenburg | 1196 – 1268 | County of Valley | Adelheid of Weilheim
five children  | 1268
aged c.77-78? | After his death with no children, Valley was absorbed by Bavaria.
Valley annexed to the Duchy of Bavaria
Otto IV the Illustrious |  | 7 April 1206
Kelheim
Son of Louis I and Ludmilla of Bohemia | 15 September 1231 – 29 November 1253 | Duchy of Bavaria | Agnes of the Palatinate
1222
Worms
eleven children  | 29 November 1253
Landshut
aged 47 | Through his wife, he and his children inherited the Palatinate. After his death, Bavaria was divided between his children.
Louis II the Strict |  | 13 April 1229
Heidelberg
First son of Otto IV and Agnes of the Palatinate | 29 November 1253 – 2 February 1294 | Duchy of Upper Bavaria and County Palatine of the Rhine | Maria of Brabant
2 August 1254
no children

Anna of Głogów
1260
two children

Matilda of Austria
24 October 1273
four children  | 2 February 1294
Heidelberg
aged 64 | Children of Otto IV, divided the duchy.
Henry XIII |  | 19 November 1235
Landshut
Second son of Otto IV and Agnes of the Palatinate | 29 November 1253 – 3 February 1290 | Duchy of Lower Bavaria | Elizabeth of Hungary
1250
ten children  | 3 February 1290
Burghausen
aged 54
Otto V |  | 11 February 1261
Burghausen
First son of Henry XIII and Elizabeth of Hungary | 3 February 1290 – 9 November 1312  | Duchy of Lower Bavaria | Catherine of Austria
January 1279
two children

Agnes of Głogów
18 May 1309
two children  | 9 November 1312
Landshut
aged 51 | Children of Henry XIII, ruled jointly. In 1305 Otto became also King of Hungary and Croatia, as grandson of king Béla IV of Hungary.
Louis III |  | 9 February 1269
Landshut
Second son of Henry XIII and Elizabeth of Hungary | 3 February 1290 – 13 May 1296 | Isabella of Lorraine
1287
no children  | 13 May 1296
Landshut
aged 27
Stephen I |  | 14 March 1271
Landshut
Third son of Henry XIII and Elizabeth of Hungary | 3 February 1290 – 10 December 1310 | Judith of Świdnica-Jawor
1299
eight children  | 10 December 1310
Landshut
aged 27
During a later division of territory among Louis II's heirs in 1294, the elder branch of the Wittelsbachs came into possession of both the Rhenish Palatinate and the territories in Bavaria north of the Danube river (the Nordgau) centred around the town of Amberg. As this region was politically connected to the Rhenish Palatinate, the name Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) became common from the early 16th century, to contrast with the Lower Palatinate along the Rhine.
Regency of Matilda of Austria (1294-1296) | Sons of Louis II, ruled jointly. In 1317 Rudolph abdicated of his rights to his brother, who in 1328 was elected Holy Roman Emperor. Louis had already been elected King of Germany in 1314. After occupying also the Palatinate, preventing the ascension of Rudolph's son Adolph, he eventually ceded his rights in Palatinate to Adolph's yoounger brothers in the Treaty of Pavia (1329). After John I the Child's death in 1340, Louis IV unified the Bavarian duchy.
Rudolph I the Stammerer |  | 4 October 1274
Basel
First son of Louis II and Matilda of Austria | 2 February 1294 – 1317  | Duchy of Upper Bavaria
(1294-1340) and County Palatine of the Rhine
(1294-1329) | Matilda of Nassau
1 September 1294
Nuremberg
six children  | 12 August 1319
Kingdom of England (?)
aged 44
Louis IV the Bavarian |  | 5 April 1282
Munich
Second son of Louis II and Matilda of Austria | 2 February 1294 – 20 December 1340  | Beatrice of Świdnica-Jawor
14 October 1308
six children

Margaret II, Countess of Holland-Hainaut
26 February 1324
Cologne
ten children  | 11 October 1347
Puch, near Fürstenfeldbruck
aged 65
20 December 1340 – 11 October 1347 | Duchy of Bavaria
Regency of Louis IV, Duke of Upper Bavaria (1312-1319) | Children of Stephen I and Otto V, ruled jointly.
Henry XIV the Elder |  | 29 September 1305
First son of Stephen I and Judith of Świdnica-Jawor | 9 November 1312 – 1 September 1339  | Duchy of Lower Bavaria | Margaret of Bohemia
12 August 1328
Straubing
two children  | 1 September 1339
Landshut
aged 33
Otto VI |  | 3 January 1307
Second son of Stephen I and Judith of Świdnica-Jawor | 9 November 1312 – 14 December 1334 | Richardis of Jülich
1330
one child  | 14 December 1334
Munich
aged 27
Henry XV of Natternberg |  | 28 August 1312
First son of Otto V and Agnes of Głogów | 9 November 1312 – 18 June 1333 | Anna of Austria
between 1326 and 1328
no children  | 18 June 1333
Natternberg
aged 20
Regency of Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria (1339-1340) | Left no male heirs, which allowed his cousin (and brother-in-law) Louis to reunite the Bavarian lands.
John I the Child |  | 29 November 1329
Son of Henry XIV and Margaret of Bohemia | 1 September 1339 – 20 December 1340 | Duchy of Lower Bavaria | Anna of Upper Bavaria
18 April 1339
Munich
no children  | 20 December 1340
Landshut
aged 11
In 1327, Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria occupied Palatinate, but wasn't recognized as Count Palatine, as he was defending the position of his younger nephews against the claimancy of his older nephew, Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine. Ten years later gave it to his nephews, sons of Rudolph. With the Treaty of Pavia in 1329, as Emperor, Louis made formal his donation, pushing back the claimant Count Adolf.
Rudolph II the Blind |  | 8 August 1306
Wolfratshausen
Second son of Rudolph I and Matilda of Nassau | 1329 – 4 October 1353 | County Palatine of the Rhine | Anna of Carinthia-Tyrol
1328
one child

Margaret of Sicily
1348
no children  | 4 October 1353
Neustadt an der Weinstraße
aged 47 | Following the early death of his elder brother Adolph, it was him who took over the county after the withdraw of their uncle Louis IV. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother Robert.
Louis V the Brandenburger |  | May 1315
First son of Louis IV and Beatrice of Świdnica-Jawor | 11 October 1347 – 18 September 1361 | Duchy of Upper Bavaria
(in all Bavaria until 1349; with the Margraviate of Brandenburg since 1323 and until 1351) | Margaret of Denmark
1324
no children

Margaret, Countess of Tyrol
10 February 1342
Meran
four children  | 18 September 1361
Zorneding
aged 46 | Children of Louis IV, ruled jointly until 1349, when they divided their inheritance: Louis V, Louis VI and Otto VII kept Upper Bavaria; William, Albert and Stephen Lower Bavaria. In 1351 Louis VI and Otto gave up their inheritance in Bavaria, in exchange of the Electoral dignity in Brandenburg. Having lost the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1373, Otto returned to Bavaria to claim new inheritance, and shared the part of Stephen II's sons (his nephews) in Landshut (Lower Bavaria)

In Lower Bavaria, the three brothers divided the duchy again in 1353: Stephen kept Landshut, William and Albert shared Straubing, and from 1389 the two shared Straubing also with Albert I's son, Albert II.

Louis VI the Roman |  | 7 May 1328
Rome
First son of Louis IV and Margaret II, Countess of Holland-Hainaut | 11 October 1347 – December 1351 | Duchy of Upper Bavaria
(in all Bavaria until 1349) | Cunigunde of Poland
before 1349
no children

Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1360
no children  | 17 May 1365
Berlin
aged 37
December 1351 – 17 May 1365 | Margraviate of Brandenburg
(until 1356)

Electorate of Brandenburg
(from 1356)
Otto VII the Lazy |  | 1346
Fourth son of Louis IV and Margaret II, Countess of Holland-Hainaut | 11 October 1347 – December 1351 | Duchy of Upper Bavaria
(in all Bavaria until 1349) | Catherine of Bohemia
19 March 1366
no children  | 15 November 1379
Wolfstein
aged 32-33
December 1351 – 18 August 1373 | Margraviate of Brandenburg
(until 1356)

Electorate of Brandenburg
(from 1356)
18 August 1373 – 15 November 1379 | Duchy of Landshut
(in co-rulership with his brother 1373-75, with his nephews 1375-79)
Stephen II the Representative |  | 1319
Second son of Louis IV and Beatrice of Świdnica-Jawor | 11 October 1347 – 13 May 1375 | Duchy of Landshut
(in all Bavaria until 1349; in Lower Bavaria until 1353) | Elisabeth of Sicily
27 June 1328
four children

Margaret of Nuremberg
14 February 1359
three children  | 13 May 1375
Landshut or Munich
aged 55-56
William I the Mad |  | 12 May 1330
Frankfurt am Main
Second son of Louis IV and Margaret II, Countess of Holland-Hainaut | 11 October 1347 – 15 April 1389  | Duchy of Straubing
(in all Bavaria until 1349; in Lower Bavaria until 1353; with the maternal Counties of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut since 1356) | Matilda of England
1352
London
no children  | 15 April 1389
Le Quesnoy
aged 58
Albert I |  | 25 July 1336
Munich
Third son of Louis IV and Margaret II, Countess of Holland-Hainaut | 11 October 1347 – 13 December 1404 | Margaret of Brzeg
after 19 July 1353
Passau
seven children

Margaret of Clèves
1394
Heusden
no children  | 13 December 1404
The Hague
aged 68
Albert II |  | 1368
Second son of Albert I and Margaret of Brzeg | 15 April 1389 – 21 January 1397 | Unmarried | 21 January 1397
Kelheim
aged 28-29
Electorate of Brandenburg lost to the House of Hohenzollern
The Golden Bull of 1356 confirmed the right to participate in the election of a Holy Roman Emperor to the Count Palatine, title that evolved to Elector Palatine.
Robert I the Red |  | 9 June 1309
Wolfratshausen
Third son of Rudolph I and Matilda of Nassau | 4 October 1353 – 16 February 1390 | County Palatine of the Rhine
(until 1356)

Electorate of the Palatinate
(from 1356) | Elisabeth of Namur
1350 or 1358
no children

Beatrix of Berg
1385
no children  | 16 Febrruarry 1390
Neustadt an der Weinstraße
aged 47 | On 10 January 1356 was recognized as the First Elector Palatine. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his cousin Robert, son of the titular count Adolf.
Meinhard |  | 9 February 1344
Landshut
Son of Louis V and Margaret, Countess of Tyrol | 18 September 1361 – 13 January 1363 | Duchy of Upper Bavaria | Margaret of Austria
4 September 1359
Passau
no children  | 13 January 1363
Tirol Castle
aged 18 | Left no male descendants. After his death Upper Bavaria was divided between Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Straubing.
Divided between Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Straubing
Stephen III the Magnificent |  | 1337
First son of Stephen II and Elisabeth of Sicily | 13 May 1375 – 26 September 1413 | Duchy of Ingolstadt
(in Landshut until 1392) | Taddea Visconti
13 October 1364
two children

Myntha Elisabeth of Cleves
16 January 1401
Cologne
no children  | 26 September 1413
Niederschönenfeld
aged 75-76 | Children of Stephen II, shared rule, until 1379, with their uncle Otto VII. In 1392 the brothers divided the land once more. Frederick retained Landshut, Stephen kept Ingolstadt and John received Munich.
Frederick the Wise |  | 1339
Second son of Stephen II and Elisabeth of Sicily | 13 May 1375 – 4 December 1393 | Duchy of Landshut | Anna of Neuffen-Hettingen
1360
one child

Maddalena Visconti
2 September 1381
five children  | 4 December 1393
České Budějovice
aged 53-54
John II |  | 1341
Third son of Stephen II and Elisabeth of Sicily | 13 May 1375 – 1 July 1397 | Duchy of Munich
(in Landshut until 1392) | Catherine of Gorizia
1372
three children  | 1 July 1397
aged 55-56
Robert II the Hard |  | 12 May 1325
Amberg
Son of Adolph of the Rhine and Irmengard of Oettingen | 16 January 1390 – 6 January 1398 | Electorate of the Palatinate | Beatrice of Sicily
1345
seven children  | 6 January 1398
Amberg
aged 72 | Nephew of Rudolph II and Robert I.
Regencies of Maddalena Visconti and Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria (1393-1401), John II, Duke of Bavaria (1393-97), Ernest, Duke of Bavaria and William III, Duke of Bavaria (1397-1401) | Annexed Ingolstadt in 1445.
Henry XVI the Rich |  | 1386
Burghausen
Son of Frederick and Maddalena Visconti | 4 December 1393 – 30 July 1450 | Duchy of Landshut | Margaret of Austria
25 November 1412
Landshut
six children  | 30 July 1450
Landshut
aged 75-76
Ernest |  | 1373
Munich
First son of John II and Catherine of Gorizia | 1 July 1397 – 2 July 1438  | Duchy of Munich | Elisabetta Visconti
26 January 1395
Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm
four children  | 2 July 1438
Munich
aged 64-65 | Children of John II, ruled jointly.
William III[28] |  | 1375
Munich
Second son of John II and Catherine of Gorizia | 1 July 1397 – 12 September 1435 | Margaret of Cleves
1433
two children  | 12 September 1435
Munich
aged 59-60
Robert III the Righteous |  | 5 May 1352
Amberg
Son of Robert II and Beatrice of Sicily | 6 January 1398 – 18 May 1410 | Electorate of the Palatinate | Elisabeth of Nuremberg
27 June 1374
Amberg
seven children  | 18 May 1410
Oppenheim
aged 58 | Also King of Germany (1400–1410).
William II of Oostervant[28] |  | 5 April 1365
The Hague
First son of Albert I and Margaret of Brzeg | 13 December 1404 – 31 May 1417 | Duchy of Straubing
(with the Counties of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut) | Margaret of Burgundy
12 April 1385
Cambrai
one child  | 31 May 1417
Bouchain
aged 52 |
Louis III the Bearded |  | 23 January 1378
First son of Robert III and Elisabeth of Nuremberg | 18 May 1410 – 30 December 1436 | Electorate of the Palatinate | Blanche of England
6 July 1402
Cologne
no children

Matilda of Savoy
30 November 1417
five children  | 30 December 1436
Heidelberg
aged 58 | Children of Robert III, divided their inheritance. Stephen brought by marriage the County of Veldenz to his possessions, and, after his death, Zweibrücken split off from Simmern.
John I |  | 1383
Neunburg vorm Wald
Second son of Robert III and Elisabeth of Nuremberg | 18 May 1410 – 14 March 1443 | County of Neumarkt | Catherine of Pomerania-Stolp
15 August 1407
Ribe
seven children  | 14 March 1443
Kastl
aged 60
Stephen I |  | 23 June 1385
Third son of Robert III and Elisabeth of Nuremberg | 18 May 1410 – 14 February 1459 | County of Simmern | Anna of Veldenz
10 June 1410
Heidelberg
eight children  | 14 February 1459
Simmern
aged 73
Otto I |  | 24 August 1390
Mosbach
Fourth son of Robert III and Elisabeth of Nuremberg | 18 May 1410 – 5 July 1461 | County of Mosbach | Johanna of Bavaria-Landshut
January 1430
Burghausen
eight children  | 5 July 1461
Reichenbach
aged 70
Louis VII the Bearded |  | 1368
Son of Stephen III and Taddea Visconti | 26 September 1413 – 1443 | Duchy of Ingolstadt | Anne de Bourbon-La Marche
1 October 1402
two children

Catherine of Alençon
1413
two children  | 1 May 1447
aged 78-79 | Imprisoned by his son, who was allied with Henry XVI. Died in prison.
John III the Pitiless |  | 1374
Le Quesnoy
Third son of Albert I and Margaret of Brzeg | 31 May 1417 – 6 January 1425 | Duchy of Straubing | Elizabeth I, Duchess of Luxembourg
11418
no children  | 6 January 1425
The Hague
aged 50/51 | Heirs of William II, whose patimony was divided between them. Even so, John (who had been previously Bishop of Liège) contested the rights of Jacqueline in the Low Countries, where she also face the presssure of Philip the Good.
Jacqueline |  | 15 July 1401
Le Quesnoy
Daughter of William II and Margaret of Burgundy | 31 May 1417 – 12 April 1433 | Counties of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut | John, Dauphin of France
6 August 1415
The Hague
no children

John IV, Duke of Brabant
10 March 1418
The Hague
(annulled 1422)
no children

Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
February/March 1423
Hadleigh, Essex
(in secret; annulled 1428)
no children

Frank van Borssele
1434
no children  | 8 October 1436
Voorhout
aged 35
Straubing definitively annexed by the remaining Bavarian duchies; the counties were annexed to the Duchy of Burgundy
Regency of Otto I, Count Palatine of Mosbach (1436–1442) |
Louis IV the Meek |  | 1 January 1424
Heidelberg
First son of Louis III and Matilda of Savoy | 30 December 1436 – 13 August 1449 | Electorate of the Palatinate | Margaret of Savoy
18 October 1445
Heidelberg
one child  | 13 August 1449
Worms
aged 25
Albert III the Pious |  | 27 March 1401
Wolfratshausen
Son of Ernest and Elisabetta Visconti | 2 July 1438 – 29 February 1460 | Duchy of Munich | Agnes Bernauer
c. 1432?
(morganatic)
no children

Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
22 January 1437
Munich
ten children  | 29 February 1460
Munich
aged 58 | Son of Ernest.
Louis VIII the Hunchback |  | 1 September 1403
Paris
Son of Louis VII and Anne de Bourbon-La Marche | 1443 – 7 April 1445 | Duchy of Ingolstadt | Unmarried | 7 April 1445
Ingolstadt
aged 41 | After his death Ingolstadt was annexed by Landshut.
Ingolstadt annexed by Landshut
Christopher I |  | 26 February 1416
Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz
Son of John I and Catherine of Pomerania-Stolp | 14 March 1443 – 6 January 1448 | County of Neumarkt | Dorothea of Brandenburg
12 September 1445
Copenhagen
no children  | 5/6 January 1448
Helsingborg
aged 31 | Also King of the Kalmar Union (1440–1448), in Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Left no descendants. Neumarkt reverted to Palatinate-Mosbach.
Neumarkt definitely annexed to Mosbach
Frederick I the Victorious |  | 1 August 1425
Heidelberg
Second son of Louis III and Matilda of Savoy | 13 August 1449 – 12 December 1476 | Electorate of the Palatinate | Clara Tott
1471/2
(morganatic)
two children  | 12 December 1476
Heidelberg
aged 51 | Brother of his predecessor. As he left no legitimate heirs to the Electorate, he was succeeded by his nephew.
Louis IX the Rich |  | 23 February 1417
Burghausen
Son of Henry XVI and Margaret of Austria | 30 July 1450 – 18 January 1479 | Duchy of Landshut | Amalia of Saxony
21 March 1452
Landshut
four children  | 18 January 1479
Landshut
aged 61 |
Frederick I the Pious |  | 19 November 1417
First son of Stephen and Anna of Veldenz | 14 February 1459 – 29 November 1480 | County of Simmern | Margaret of Guelders
6 August 1454
Lobith
ten children  | 29 November 1480
Simmern
aged 61 | Children of Stephen, divided their inheritance.
Louis I the Black |  | 1424
Second son of Stephen and Anna of Veldenz | 14 February 1459 – 19 July 1489 | County of Zweibrücken | Johanna de Croÿ
20 March 1454
Luxembourg
twelve children  | 19 July 1489
Simmern
aged 64-65
John IV |  | 4 October 1437
Munich
First son of Albert III and Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen | 29 February 1460 – 18 November 1463 | Duchy of Munich | Unmarried | 18 November 1463
Harthausen
aged 26 | Children of Albert III, shared their inheritance.In 1467, Sigismund moved to a seat in Dachau, but, as he left no descendants, it reunited again with Munich. Albert IV reunited the duchy in 1503 and, in 1506, decreed that the duchy should pass according to the rules of primogeniture.
Sigismund |  | 26 July 1439
Munich
Second son of Albert III and Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen | 29 February 1460 – 1 February 1501 | Duchy of Munich
(at Dachau) | 1 February 1501
Blutenburg Castle
aged 61
Albert IV the Wise |  | 15 December 1447
Munich
Third son of Albert III and Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen | 29 February 1460 – 1 December 1503  | Duchy of Munich | Kunigunde of Austria
3 January 1487
Munich
seven children  | 18 March 1508
Munich
aged 60
1 December 1503 – 18 March 1508 | Duchy of Bavaria
Dachau reunited with Munich
Otto II the Mathematician |  | 26 June 1435
Mosbach
Son of Otto I and Johanna of Bavaria-Landshut | 5 July 1461 – 4 October 1490 | County of Mosbach | Unmarried | 8 April 1499
Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz
aged 63 | Had a strong interest in astronomy and mathematics. Abdicated in 1490 to spend the remainder of his life in scientific pursuits. Mosbach reverted to the Electorate.
Mosbach definitely annexed to the Electorate of the Palatinate
Philip the Upright |  | 14 July 1448
Heidelberg
Son of Louis IV and Margaret of Savoy | 12 December 1476 – 28 February 1508 | Electorate of the Palatinate | Margaret of Bavaria
1474
Amberg
fourteen children  | 28 February 1508
Germersheim
aged 59 |
George the Rich |  | 15 August 1455
Burghausen
Son of Louis IX and Amalia of Saxony | 18 January 1479 – 1 December 1503 | Duchy of Landshut | Hedwig of Poland
14 November 1475
Landshut
five children  | 1 December 1503
Ingolstadt
aged 48 | At his death, he left his duchy to his only surviving daughter.
John I |  | 15 May 1459
Starkenburg
Son of Frederick I and Margaret of Guelders | 29 November 1480 – 27 January 1509 | County of Simmern | Joanna of Nassau-Saarbrücken
29 September 1481
three children  | 27 January 1509
Starkenburg
aged 49 |
Kaspar |  | 11 July 1459
First son of Louis I and Johanna de Croÿ | 19 July 1489 – 1490  | County of Zweibrücken | Amalie of Brandenburg
19 April 1478
Zweibrücken
no children  | 1527
Veldenz Castle
aged 67-68 | Sons of Louis the Black, ruled jointly.
Alexander the Lame |  | 26 November 1462
Second son of Louis I and Johanna de Croÿ | 19 July 1489 – 21 October 1514 | Margaret of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
1499
Zweibrücken
six children  | 21 October 1514
Zweibrücken
aged 51
Elisabeth |  | 1478
Burghausen
Daughter of George and Hedwig of Poland | 1 December 1503 – 15 September 1504 | Duchy of Landshut | Robert of the Palatinate
10 February 1499
three children  | 15 September 1504
Landshut
aged 25-26 | Heiress of Landshut, according to her father's last will and testament of 1496. She fought the claim of Albert IV during the War of the Succession of Landshut, but, having less allies than her oponent, she eventually lost almost all of her territory.
Landshut (with exceptions) was annexed to Munich
Louis V the Pacific |  | 2 July 1478
Heidelberg
First son of Philip and Margaret of Bavaria | 28 February 1508 – 16 March 1544 | Electorate of the Palatinate | Sibylle of Bavaria
23 February 1511
Heidelberg
no children  | 16 March 1544
Heidelberg
aged 65 | Children of Philip, left no descendants. Louis V was succeeded by a younger brother. Neumarkt reverted to the Electorate after Wolfgang's death.
Wolfgang the Elder |  | 31 October 1494
Heidelberg
Third son of Philip and Margaret of Bavaria | 28 February 1508 – 2 April 1558 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(at Neumarkt) | Unmarried | 2 April 1558
Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz
aged 63
William IV the Steadfast |  | 13 November 1493
Munich
First son of Albert IV and Kunigunde of Austria | 18 March 1508 – 7 March 1550 | Duchy of Bavaria | Jakobaea of Baden
5 October 1522
Munich
four children  | 7 March 1550
Munich
aged 56 | Children of Albert IV. Though their father had determined the everlasting succession of only the firstborn prince in 1506, Louis, as a second-born son, refused a spiritual career with the argument that he was born before the edict became valid. As so, the brotheres shared their rule, with Louis X taking the seats of Landshut and Straubing.
Louis X |  | 18 September 1495
Grünwald
Second son of Albert IV and Kunigunde of Austria | 17 February 1514 – 22 April 1545 | Duchy of Bavaria
(in Landshut and Straubing) | Unmarried | 22 April 1545
Landshut
aged 49
John II |  | 21 March 1492
Simmern
Son of John I and Joanna of Nassau-Saarbrücken | 27 January 1509 – 18 May 1557 | County of Simmern | Beatrix of Baden
22 May 1508
twelve children  | 18 May 1557
Simmern
aged 65 | He introduced the Reformation into Simmern which led to increased tensions with his neighbours, the Archbishoprics of Trier and Mainz.
Louis II the Younger |  | 14 September 1502
Zweibrücken
First son of Alexander and Margaret of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein | 21 October 1514 – 3 December 1532 | County of Zweibrücken | Elisabeth of Hesse
10 September 1525
Kassel
two children  | 3 December 1532
Zweibrücken
aged 30 |
Robert |  | 1506
Zweibrücken
Second son of Alexander and Margaret of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein | 3 December 1532 – 28 July 1544 | County of Veldenz | Ursula of Salm-Kyrburg
23 June 1537
three children  | 28 July 1544
Gräfenstein Castle
aged 37-38 | Divided the land. Robert was a younger brother of Louis II, and Wolfgang was Louis' son. Technically, Robert held both lands during Wolfgang's minority.
Regency of Robert, Count Palatine of Veldenz (1532–1543)
Wolfgang |  | 26 September 1526
Zweibrücken
Son of Louis II and Elisabeth of Hesse | 3 December 1532 – 11 June 1569 | County of Zweibrücken | Anna of Hesse
24 February 1544
thirteen children  | 11 June 1569
Nexon
aged 42
Frederick II the Wise |  | 9 December 1482
Neustadt an der Weinstraße
Second son of Philip and Margaret of Bavaria | 16 March 1544 – 26 December 1556 | Electorate of the Palatinate | Dorothea of Denmark
18 May 1535
Heidelberg
no children  | 26 December 1556
Alzey
aged 73 | Left no descendants. He was succeeded by a cousin.
Regencies of Ursula of Salm-Kyrburg (1544–1546) and Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1544–1560) |
George John I the Astute |  | 11 April 1543
Son of Robert and Ursula of Salm-Kyrburg | 28 July 1544 – 18 April 1592 | County of Veldenz | Anna of Sweden
20 December 1562
eleven children  | 18 April 1592
Lützelstein
aged 49
Albert V the Magnanimous |  | 29 February 1528
Munich
Son of William IV and Jakobaea of Baden | 7 March 1550 – 24 October 1579 | Duchy of Bavaria | Anna of Austria
4 July 1546
Regensburg
seven children  | 24 October 1579
Munich
aged 51 |
Regencies of Philip, Elector Palatine (1504–1508) and Frederick II, Elector Palatine (1508–1516) | Paternal grandsons of Philip, Elector Palatine, and maternal grandsons of George, Duke of Landshut. In the aftermath of the War of the Succession of Landshut, a part of Landshut who didn't join Bavaria formed the County of Neuburg. In 1556, Otto Henry, count of Neuburg, inherited the Electoral title, and abdicated the county. Neuburg fell then to the County of Zweibrücken. Also, Otto Henry's death marked the end of the main line of Electors: the Simmern line ascended to the Electoral position.
Otto Henry the Magnanimous |  | 10 April 1502
Amberg
First son of Robert of the Palatinate and Elisabeth | 15 September 1504 – 26 December 1556  | Duchy of Landshut
(in Neuburg)

Repurposed as:
County of Neuburg | Susanna of Bavaria
16 October 1529
Neuburg an der Donau
no children  | 12 February 1559
Heidelberg
aged 56
26 December 1556 – 12 February 1559 | Electorate of the Palatinate
Philip the Warlike |  | 12 November 1503
Heidelberg
Second son of Robert of the Palatinate and Elisabeth | 15 Septembe 1504 – 1541 | Duchy of Landshut
(in Neuburg)

Repurposed as:
County of Neuburg | Unmarried | 4 July 1548
Heidelberg
aged 44
Neuburg briefly annexed to Zweibrücken (1559-1569)
Frederick III the Pious |  | 14 February 1515
Simmern
First son of John II and Beatrix of Baden | 18 May 1557 – 12 February 1559  | County of Simmern | Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
21 October 1537
Kreuznach
eleven children

Amalia of Neuenahr
25 April 1569
Heidelberg
no children  | 26 October 1576
Heidelberg
aged 61 | When the senior branch of the family died out in 1559, the electorate passed to Frederick III of Simmern, son of John II and a staunch Calvinist. The Palatinate became one of the major centers of Calvinism in Europe, supporting Calvinist rebellions in both the Netherlands and France.
12 February 1559 – 26 October 1576 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(Simmern line)
George |  | 20 February 1518
Second son of John II and Beatrix of Baden | 12 February 1559 – 17 May 1569 | County of Simmern | Elisabeth of Hesse
9 January 1541
one child  | 17 May 1569
Simmern
aged 51 | Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Richard |  | 25 July 1521
Simmern
Third son of John II and Beatrix of Baden | 17 May 1569 – 13 January 1598 | County of Simmern | Julianna of Wied
30 January 1569
four children

Emilie of Württemberg
26 March 1578
no children

Anne Margaret of Palatinate-Veldenz
14 December 1589
no children  | 13 January 1598
Ravengiersburg
aged 76 | Left no descendants. Simmern returned to the Electorate.
Simmern briefly annexed to the Electoral Palatinate (1598–1610)
Regency of Anna of Hesse, William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Louis VI, Elector Palatine (1569–1574) | Children of Wolfgang, divided their inheritance:

* John received Zweibrücken;
* Frederick received Vohenstrauss-Parkstein, which after his death with no descendants went to Neuburg;
* Otto Henry received Sulzbach, which after his death with no descendants went to Neuburg;
* Charles received Birkenfeld;
* Philip Louis (the eldest son) received Neuburg, and absorbed his childless brothers land after their deaths.

Philip Louis |  | 2 October 1547
Zweibrücken
First son of Wolfgang and Anna of Hesse | 11 June 1569 – 22 August 1614 | County of Neuburg | Anna of Cleves
27 September 1574
Neuburg an der Donau
eight children  | 22 August 1614
Neuburg an der Donau
aged 66
John I the Lame |  | 8 May 1550
Meisenheim
Second son of Wolfgang and Anna of Hesse | 11 June 1569 – 12 August 1604 | County of Zweibrücken | Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
1579
Bad Bergzabern
nine children  | 12 August 1604
Germersheim
aged 54
Frederick |  | 11 April 1557
Meisenheim
Third son of Wolfgang and Anna of Hesse | 11 June 1569 – 17 December 1597 | County of Zweibrücken
(at Vohenstrauss and Parkstein) | Katharina Sophie of Legnica
26 February 1587
three children  | 17 December 1597
Vohenstrauß
aged 40
Charles I |  | 4 September 1560
Neuburg an der Donau
Fourth son of Wolfgang and Anna of Hesse | 11 June 1569 – 16 December 1600 | County of Birkenfeld | Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg
23 November 1590
four children  | 16 December 1600
Birkenfeld
aged 40
Otto Henry |  | 22 July 1567
Amberg
Fifth son of Wolfgang and Anna of Hesse | 11 June 1569 – 29 August 1604 | County of Sulzbach | Dorothea Maria of Württemberg
25 November 1582
thirteen children  | 29 August 1604
Sulzbach
aged 48
Vohenstrauss-Parkstein and Sulzbach annexed to Neuburg
Louis VI the Careless |  | 4 July 1539
Simmern
First son of Frederick III and Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | 26 October 1576 – 22 October 1583 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(Simmern line) | Elisabeth of Hesse
8 July 1560
Marburg
twelve children

Anne of Ostfriesland
12 July 1583
Heidelberg
no children  | 22 October 1583
Heidelberg
aged 44 | Children of Frederick III, divided the land: Louis received the Electorate, and John Casimir was given a portion at Lautern. The latter didn't have descendants, and his portion returned to the Electorate.
John Casimir |  | 7 March 1543
Simmern
Second son of Frederick III and Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | 26 October 1576 – 16 January 1592 | County of Simmern
(at Lautern) | Elisabeth of Saxony
4 June 1570
Heidelberg
no children  | 16 January 1592
Heidelberg
aged 48
Lautern reabsorbed in the Electorate
William V the Pious |  | 29 September 1548
Landshut
Son of Albert V and Anna of Austria | 24 October 1579 – 15 October 1597 | Duchy of Bavaria | Renata of Lorraine
22 February 1568
Munich
ten children  | 7 February 1626
Schleissheim Palace
aged 77 | In 1597, he abdicated in favor of his son.
Regency of John Casimir, Count of Lautern (1583–1592) | With his advisor Christian of Anhalt, he founded the Evangelical Union of Protestant states in 1608.
Frederick IV the Righteous |  | 5 March 1574
Amberg
Son of Louis VI and Elisabeth of Hesse | 22 October 1583 – 19 September 1610 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(Simmern line) | Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau
23 June 1593
Dillenburg
eight children  | 19 September 1610
Heidelberg
aged 36
Regency of Anna of Sweden (1592–1598) | Children of George John I, ruled jointly. In 1598 divided the land: George Gustavus kept Veldenz; John Augustus received Lützelstein; and Louis Philip and George John received jointly received Gutenberg. In 1601 George John ruled alone Gutenberg. In 1611, after the death of John Augustus with no descendants, Lützelstein was annexed to Guttenberg. In 1654, after the death of George John without descendants, Guttenberg reverted to Veldenz, united under Leopold Louis, George Gustavus' son.
George Gustavus |  | 6 February 1564
Michelsburg
First son of George John I and Anna of Sweden | 18 April 1592 – 3 June 1634 | County of Veldenz | Elisabeth of Württemberg
30 October 1586
Stuttgart
no children

Maria Elisabeth of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Zweibrücken
17 May 1601
eleven children  | 3 June 1634
Lützelstein
aged 70
John Augustus |  | 26 November 1575
Lemberg Castle
Second son of George John I and Anna of Sweden | 18 April 1592 – 18 September 1611 | County of Veldenz
(at Lützelstein) | Anne Elizabeth of the Palatinate
1599
no children  | 18 September 1611
Lemberg Castle
aged 35
Louis Philip |  | 24 November 1577
Third son of George John I and Anna of Sweden | 18 April 1592 – 24 October 1601  | County of Veldenz
(at Gutenberg) | Unmarried | 24 October 1601
Heidelberg
aged 23
George John II |  | 24 June 1586
Lützelstein
Fourth son of George John I and Anna of Sweden | 18 April 1592 – 29 September 1654 | Susanna of Palatinate-Sulzbach
20 December 1562
eleven children  | 29 September 1654
aged 68
Maximilian I the Great |  | 17 April 1573
Munich
First son of William V and Renata of Lorraine | 15 October 1597 – 27 September 1651 | Duchy of Bavaria
(until 1623)

Electorate of Bavaria
(from 1623) | Elisabeth of Lorraine
9 February 1595
Nancy
no children

Maria Anna of Austria
15 July 1635
Vienna
two children  | 27 September 1651
Ingolstadt
aged 78 | Children of William V. Maximilian I, was an ally of Emperor Ferdinand II in the Thirty Years' War. When the Elector of the Palatinate, Frederick V, head of a senior branch of the Wittelsbachs, became involved in the war against the Emperor, he was stripped of his Imperial offices and the Prince-elector title. Maximilian I was granted the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1623.

Albert VI inherited from his wife the lands of Leuchtenberg, and from 1646 reorganizes them as a new Bavarian duchy, the short-lived Duchy of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg. In 1650 Albert made an exchange with Maximilian: Leuchtenberg went to the latter's second son, while Albert received the County of Haag, which he kept until his death and then reverted to Bavaria.

Albert VI |  | 26 February 1584
Munich
Second son of William V and Renata of Lorraine | 1 November 1646 - 1650  | Duchy of Leuchtenberg | Mechtild of Leuchtenberg
8 December 1650
five children  | 5 July 1666
Munich
aged 82
1650 - 5 July 1666 | County of Haag
Haag reverted to Bavaria
Regency of Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1600–1612) and John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1600–1604) | Children of Charles I, divided their inheritance
George William |  | 6 August 1591
Ansbach
First son of Charles I and Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg | 16 December 1600 – 25 December 1669 | County of Birkenfeld | Dorothea of Solms-Sonnenwalde
30 November 1616
six children

Juliana of Salm-Grumbach
30 November 1641
no children

Anna Elisabeth of Oettingen-Oettingen
8 March 1649
no children  | 25 December 1669
Birkenfeld
aged 78
Christian I |  | 3 November 1598
Birkenfeld
Second son of Charles I and Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg | 16 December 1600 – 6 September 1654 | County of Birkenfeld
(at Bischweiler) | Magdalene Catherine of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
14 November 1630
nine children

Maria Joanna of Helfenstein-Wiesensteig
28 October 1648
one child  | 6 September 1654
Neuenstein
aged 55
John II the Younger |  | 26 March 1584
Bad Bergzabern
First son of John I and Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg | 12 August 1604 – 9 August 1635 | County of Zweibrücken | Catherine de Rohan
26 August 1604
one child

Louise Juliana of the Palatinate
13 May 1612
seven children  | 9 August 1635
Metz
aged 51 | Children of John I, divided their inheritance.
Frederick Casimir |  | 10 June 1585
Zweibrücken
Second son of John I and Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg | 12 August 1604 – 30 September 1645 | County of Zweibrücken
at Landsberg) | Emilia Antwerpiana of Orange-Nassau
4 July 1616
Landsberg [de]
three children  | 30 September 1645
Montfort-en-Auxois
aged 60
John Casimir |  | 20 April 1589
Zweibrücken
Third son of John I and Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg | 12 August 1604 – 18 June 1652 | County of Kleeburg | Catherine of Sweden
11 June 1615
Stockholm
eight children  | 18 June 1652
Stegeborg Castle
aged 63
Frederick V the Winter King |  | 26 August 1596
Deinschwang
First son of Frederick IV and [Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau|Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau]] | 19 September 1610 – 23 February 1623 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(Simmern line) | Elizabeth of Great Britain
14 February 1613
London
thirteen children  | 29 November 1632
Mainz
aged 36 | Children of Frederick IV. In 1610, after their father's death, the younger son, Louis Philip, restored the county of Simmern, while Frederick V, in 1619, accepted the throne of Bohemia \- where he was known as "the Winter King" because his reign in Bohemia only lasted one winter - from the Bohemian estates. Frederick V was defeated by the Emperor Ferdinand II at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, and Spanish and Bavarian troops soon occupied the Palatinate itself. In 1623, Frederick was put under the ban of the Empire.
Louis Philip |  | 23 November 1602
Heidelberg
Second son of Frederick IV and [Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau|Louise Juliana of Orange-Nassau]] | 19 September 1610 – 6 January 1655 | County of Simmern | Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg
4 December 1631
seven children  | 6 January 1655
Krosno Odrzańskie
aged 52
Frederick V's territories and his position as elector were transferred to the Duke of Bavaria, Maximilian I, of a distantly related branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Although technically Elector Palatine, he was known as the Elector of Bavaria. From 1648 he ruled in Bavaria and the Upper Palatinate alone, but retained all his electoral dignities and the seniority of the Palatinate Electorate.

Electoral Palatinate briefly annexed to the Electorate of Bavaria (1623–1648)
Wolfgang William |  | 4 November 1578
Neuburg an der Donau
First son of Philip Louis and |Anna of Cleves | 22 August 1614 – 14 September 1653 | County of Neuburg | Magdalene of Bavaria
11 November 1613
Munich
one child

Catharina Charlotte of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
11 November 1631
Blieskastel
two children

Maria Franziska of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
3 June 1651
no children  | 14 September 1653
Düsseldorf
aged 74 | Children of Philip Louis, divided theirr inheritance. The younger sons inherited Sulzbach but had different seats: John Frederick created Palatinate-Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein, but at his death with no surviving children, Sulzbach became reunited under Augustus' son, Christian August.
Augustus |  | 2 October 1582
Neuburg an der Donau
Second son of Philip Louis and |Anna of Cleves | 22 August 1614 – 14 August 1632 | County of Sulzbach | Hedwig of Holstein-Gottorp
17 July 1620
seven children  | 14 August 1632
Bad Windsheim
aged 49
John Frederick |  | 23 August 1587
Neuburg an der Donau
Third son of Philip Louis and |Anna of Cleves | 22 August 1614 – 19 October 1644 | County of Sulzbach
(at Hilpoltstein) | Sophie Agnes of Hesse-Darmstadt
7/17 November 1624
eight children  | 19 October 1644
Hilpoltstein
aged 57
Regency of John Frederick, Count Palatine of Sulzbach-Hilpoltstein (1632–1636) | Reunited Sulzbach after John Frederick's death in 1644.
Christian Augustus |  | 26 July 1622
Sulzbach
Son of Augustus and Hedwig of Holstein-Gottorp | 14 August 1632 – 23 July 1708 | County of Sulzbach | Amalie of Nassau-Siegen
27 March 1649
five children  | 23 July 1708
Sulzbach
aged 85
Regency of George John II, Count Palatine of Lützelstein-Guttenberg (1634–1639) | Reunited Palatinate-Veldenz in 1654. However, left no surviving male descendants. Veldenz went to the Electorate.
Leopold Louis |  | 1 February 1625
Lauterecken
Son of George Gustavus and Maria Elisabeth of Palatinate-Zweibrücken | 3 June 1634 – 29 September 1694 | County of Veldenz | Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg
4 July 1648
Bischweiler
twelve children  | 29 September 1694
Strasbourg
aged 69
Veldenz definitely annexed to the Electoral Palatinate
Frederick |  | 5 April 1619
Son of John II and Catherine de Rohan | 9 August 1635 – 9 July 1661 | County of Zweibrücken | Anna Juliana of Nassau-Saarbrücken
6 April 1640
ten children  | 9 July 1661 | Left no male surviving descendants. Zweibrucken was inherited by his sister and her husband.
Charles I Louis |  | 22 December 1617
Heidelberg
Son of Frederick V and Elizabeth of Great Britain | 24 October 1648 – 28 August 1680 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(Simmern line, restored) | Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel
22 February 1650
Kassel
(unilateral divorce in 1658)
three children

Marie Luise von Degenfeld
6 January 1658
Schwetzingen
(morganatic and bigamous)
thirteen children

Elisabeth Hollander von Bernau
11 December 1679
Vohenstrauß
(morganatic)
one child  | 28 August 1680
near Edingen-Neckarhausen
aged 62 | By the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Charles Louis was restored to the Lower Palatinate and was given a new electoral title, also that of "Elector Palatine" but lower in precedence than the other electorates.
Regency of Albert VI, Duke of Bavaria (1651-1654) | In 1650, Maximilian Philip, second son of Maximilian, received the Duchy of Leuchtenberg, from which his uncle Albert VI had abdicated. His childless death led to the union of the Bavarian Leuchtenberg lands and the Electorate.
Ferdinand Maria |  | 31 October 1636
Schleissheim Palace
First son of Maximilian I and Maria Anna of Austria | 27 September 1651 – 26 May 1679 | Electorate of Bavaria | Henriette Adelaide of Savoy
8 December 1650
eight children  | 26 May 1679
Schleissheim Palace
aged 42
Maximilian Philip Hieronymus |  | 30 September 1638
Munich
Second son of Maximilian I and Maria Anna of Austria | 1650 - 20 March 1705 | Duchy of Leuchtenberg | Mauricienne Fébronie de La Tour d'Auvergne
(1652-1706)
1668
Château-Thierry
no children  | 20 March 1705
Türkheim
aged 66
Leuchtenberg re-merged in the Electorate of Bavaria
Charles Gustavus |  | 8 November 1622
Nyköping Castle
First son of John Casimir and Catherine of Sweden | 18 June 1652 – 6 June 1654 | County of Kleeburg | Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp
24 October 1654
Stockholm
one child  | 13 February 1660
Gothenburg
aged  | Abdicated from Kleeburg in 1654, to become King of Sweden (as Charles X), right hat he inherited from his mother.
Adolph John I |  | 21 October 1629
Stegeborg Castle
Second son of John Casimir and Catherine of Sweden | 6 June 1654 – 24 October 1689 | County of Kleeburg | Elsa Beata Brahe
19 June 1649
Stockholm
one child

Elsa Elisabeth Brahe
1661
Stockholm
nine children  | 24 October 1689
Stegeborg Castle
aged 60 | Brother of Charles Gustavus, received Kleeburg after the abdication of his brother.
Louis Henry |  | 11 October 1640
Sedan
Son of Louis Philip and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg | 6 January 1655 – 3 January 1674 | County of Simmern | Maria of Orange-Nassau
23 September 1666
Kleve
no children  | 3 January 1674
Bad Kreuznach
aged 33 | Left no descendants. Simmern returned to the Electorate.
Simmern definitely annexed to the Electoral Palatinate
Juliana Magdalena |  | 23 April 1621
Heidelberg
Daughter of John II and Catherine de Rohan | 9 July 1661 – 25 March 1672 | County of Zweibrücken | Frederick Louis
14 November 1645
Düsseldorf
thirteen children  | 25 March 1672
Meisenheim
aged 51 | Juliana was a younger sister of Frederick and likely the intended heiress, as it was the cousin from Landsberg (and not the one from Kleeburg), to whom she was married and the one who effectively inherited the county of Zweibrücken. Originally ruling at Palatinate-Landsberg – merged with Zweibrücken after his wife's inheritance –, Frederick Louis survived his wife, but in 1677 the Kingdom of France occupied his counties. He left no surviving descendants. And only then the Kleeburg line (the Swedish one) came to inherit Zweibrücken.
Frederick Louis |  | 27 October 1619
Heidelberg
Son of Frederick Casimir, Count of Landsberg and Emilia Antwerpiana of Orange-Nassau | 9 July 1661 – 11 April 1681 | County of Zweibrücken
(in Landsberg 1645-1661) | Juliana Magdalena
14 November 1645
Düsseldorf
thirteen children

Anna Marie Elisabeth Hepp
21 August 1672
(morganatic)
five children  | 11 April 1681
Landsberg Castle
aged 61
Charles Otto |  | 5 September 1625
Birkenfeld
Son of George William and Dorothea of Solms-Sonnenwalde | 25 December 1669 – 30 March 1671 | County of Birkenfeld | Margaret Hedwig of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
26 September 1658
three children  | 30 March 1671
Birkenfeld
aged 45 | Left no surviving descendants. Birkenfeld passed to Bischweiler line.
Christian II |  | 22 June 1637
Bischweiler
First son of Christian I and Magdalene Catherine of Palatinate-Zweibrücken | 30 March 1671 – 26 April 1717 | County of Birkenfeld
(in Bischweiler 1654-1671) | Catherine Agatha of Rappoltstein
5 September 1667
seven children  | 26 April 1717
Birkenfeld
aged 79 | Children of Christian I. Christian II kept Bischweiler, while his brother John Charles gained Gelnhausen. Christian II inherited, in 1671, Birkenfeld from his cousin Charles Otto, and annexed Bischweiler to it.
John Charles |  | 17 October 1638
Bischweiler
Second son of Christian I and Magdalene Catherine of Palatinate-Zweibrücken | 6 September 1654 – 21 February 1704 | County of Gelnhausen | Sophie Amalie of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
1685
Weikersheim
one child

Esther Maria von Witzleben
28 July 1696
five children  | 21 February 1704
Gelnhausen
aged 65
Bischweiler reannexed to Birkenfeld, though ruled by Bischweiler line
Regency of Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus, Duke of Leuchtenberg (1679-1680) | Took part in the War of the Spanish Succession on the side of France, against Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. He was accordingly forced to flee Bavaria following the Battle of Blenheim and deprived of his Electorate on 29 April 1706. He regained his Electorate in 1714 by the Peace of Baden and ruled until 1726.
Maximilian II Emanuel |  | 11 July 1662
Munich
Son of Ferdinand Maria and Henriette Adelaide of Savoy | 26 May 1679 – 26 February 1726 | Electorate of Bavaria | Maria Antonia of Austria
15 July 1685
Vienna
three children

Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska
15 August 1694
Warsaw
(by proxy)
ten children  | 26 February 1726
Munich
aged 63
Charles II |  | 10 April 1651
Heidelberg
Son of Charles I Louis and Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel | 28 August 1680 – 26 May 1685 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(Simmern line) | Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark
20 September 1671
Heidelberg
no children  | 26 May 1685
Heidelberg
aged 34 | Last of Simmern line. The Electorate was inherited by the Counts of Neuburg branch.
Charles I |  | 24 November 1655
Tre Kronor
Son of Charles Gustavus, Count of Kleeburg and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp | 11 April 1681 – 5 April 1697 | County of Zweibrücken | Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark
6 May 1680
Skottorp
seven children  | 5 April 1697
Tre Kronor
aged 41 | Son of Charles Gustavus (Charles X of Sweden), assumed the restored Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Also King of Sweden, as Charles XI.
Philip William |  | 24 November 1615
Giessen
Son of Wolfgang William and Magdalene of Bavaria | 1653 – 26 May 1685  | County of Neuburg | Anna Catherine of Poland
8 June 1642
Warsaw
no children

Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
3 September 1653
Bad Schwalbach
seventeen children  | 2 September 1690
Vienna
aged 74 | When the Simmern branch of the family died out in 1685, the electorate passed to Philip William of Neuburg (also Duke of Jülich and Berg). He was a Catholic and a maternal nephew of Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria.
26 May 1685 – 2 September 1690 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(Neuburg line)
Adolph John II |  | 21 August 1666
Bergzabern
First son of Adolph John I and Elsa Elisabeth Brahe | 24 October 1689 – 27 April 1701 | County of Kleeburg | Unmarried | 27 April 1701
Laiuse Castle
aged 34 | Left no descendants. His lands went to his brother, Gustavus.
John William |  | 19 April 1658
Düsseldorf
First son of Philip William and Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt | 2 September 1690 – 8 June 1716 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(Neuburg line) | Maria Anna Josepha of Austria
25 October 1678
Wiener Neustadt
two children

Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici
6 May 1691
Innsbruck
no children  | 8 June 1716
Düsseldorf
aged 58 | Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Charles II |  | 17 June 1682
Tre Kronor
Son of Charles I and Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark | 5 April 1697 – 30 November 1718 | County of Zweibrücken | Unmarried | 30 November 1718
Halden
aged 36 | Also King of Sweden, as Charles XII. After his death with no descendants, Zweibrücken was inherited by Kleeburg line.
Gustavus |  | 12 April 1670
Stegeborg Castle
Second son of Adolph John I and Elsa Elisabeth Brahe | 27 April 1701 – 30 November 1718  | County of Kleeburg | Dorothea of Palatinate-Veldenz
10 July 1707
no children

Louise Dorothea von Hoffmann
13 May 1723
(morganatic)
no children  | 17 September 1731
Zweibrücken
aged 61 | Inherited Zweibrücken from his cousin Charles IV, and annexed Kleeburg to it. Left no descendants. His lands went to Birkenfeld line.
30 November 1718 – 17 September 1731 | County of Zweibrücken
Palatinate-Kleeburg was definitely reannexed to Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Regency of John William, Elector Palatine (1704–1711) | Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother John.
Frederick Bernard |  | 28 May 1697
Gelnhausen
First son of John Charles and Esther Maria von Witzleben | 21 February 1704 – 5 August 1739 | County of Gelnhausen | Ernestine Louise of Waldeck-Pyrmont
30 May 1737
Arolsen
two children  | 5 August 1739
Gelnhausen
aged 42
Theodore Eustace |  | 14 February 1659
Sulzbach
Son of Christian Augustus and Amalie of Nassau-Siegen | 23 July 1708 – 11 July 1732 | County of Sulzbach | Maria Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg
6 June 1692
Lobositz
nine children  | 11 July 1732
Dinkelsbühl
aged 73 |
Charles Philip |  | 4 November 1661
Neuburg an der Donau
Second son of Philip William and Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt | 8 June 1716 – 31 December 1742 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(Neuburg line) | Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł
10 August 1688
Berlin
four children

Teresa Lubomirska
15 December 1701
Kraków
two children

Violante Theresia of Thurn and Taxis
1728
(morganatic)
no children  | 31 December 1742
Mannheim
aged  | Left no male descendants. The Electorate was inherited by the Counts of Sulzbach line.
Christian III |  | 7 November 1674
Strasbourg
Son of Christian II and Catherine Agatha of Rappoltstein | 26 April 1717 – 17 September 1731  | County of Birkenfeld | Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
21 September 1719
Lorentzen
four children  | 3 February 1735
Zweibrücken
aged 60 | Inherited Zweibrücken from his cousin Gustavus, and annexed Birkenfeld to it.
17 September 1731 – 3 February 1735 | County of Zweibrücken
Birkenfeld reannexed to Zweibrücken
Charles Albert |  | 6 August 1697
Brussels

Son of Maximilian II Emanuel and Maria Antonia of Austria | 26 February 1726 – 20 January 1745 | Electorate of Bavaria | Maria Amalia of Austria
5 October 1722
Vienna
seven children  | 20 January 1745
Munich
aged 47 | Took on the House of Habsburg in the War of the Austrian Succession, again in combination with France, succeeding so far as to be elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1742 (as Charles VII). However, the Austrians occupied Bavaria (1742–1744), and the Emperor died shortly after returning to Munich.
John Christian |  | 23 January 1700
Sulzbach
Son of Theodore Eustace and Maria Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg | 11 July 1732 – 20 July 1733 | County of Sulzbach | Maria Henriette de La Tour d'Auvergne
15 February 1722
two children

Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg
21 January 1731
Mannheim
no children  | 20 July 1733
Sulzbach
aged 33 |
Regency of Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1735–1740) | His children from his morganatic marriage were barred from succession. He was succeeded by his nephew.
Christian IV |  | 6 September 1722
Bischweiler
Son of Christian III and Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken | 3 February 1735 – 5 November 1775 | County of Zweibrücken | Maria Johanna Camasse
1751
(morganatic)
six children  | 5 November 1775
Herschweiler-Pettersheim
aged 53
John |  | 24 May 1698
Gelnhausen
Second son of John Charles and Esther Maria von Witzleben | 5 August 1739 – 10 February 1780 | County of Gelnhausen | Sophie Charlotte of Salm-Dhaun
1743
Dhaun
eight children  | 10 February 1780
Mannheim
aged 81 |
Maximilian III Joseph the Beloved |  | 28 March 1727
Munich
Son of Charles Albert and Maria Amalia of Austria | 20 January 1745 – 30 December 1777 | Electorate of Bavaria | Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony
9 July 1747
no children  | 30 December 1777
Munich
aged 50 | As he had no children, was the last of the direct Bavarian Wittelsbach line descended from Louis IV. He was succeeded by the Elector of the Palatinate, Charles Theodore, who thereby regained their old titles for the senior Wittelsbach line—descended from Louis IV's older brother Rudolph I.
Elisabeth Augusta |  | 17 January 1721
Mannheim
Daughter of Joseph Charles of the Palatinate-Sulzbach and Elisabeth Augusta Sophia of the Palatinate-Neuburg | 31 December 1742 – 17 August 1794 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(maternal Neuburg line, suo jure heiress) | Charles Theodore
17 January 1742
Mannheim
one child  | 17 August 1794
Weinheim
aged 73 | Elisabeth was the maternal granddaughter of Charles Philip, and the wife of the next Elector Palatine; she therefore carried the title (suo jure) to her husband. However, the title and authority of Elector Palatine were subsumed into the Electorate of Bavaria in 1777. Charles Theodore and his heirs retained only the single vote and precedence of the Bavarian elector, though they continued to use the title "Count Palatine of the Rhine" (German: Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Latin: Comes Palatinus Rheni). They left no descendants, and the Electorates passed to the Zweibrücken line.
Regency of Charles Philip, Elector Palatine (1733–1738)
Charles Theodore |  | 11 December 1724
Drogenbos
Son of John Christian and Maria Henriette de La Tour d'Auvergne | 20 July 1733 – 31 December 1742  | County of Sulzbach | Elisabeth Augusta
17 January 1742
Mannheim
one child

Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este
15 February 1795
Innsbruck
no children  | 16 February 1799
Munich
aged 74
31 December 1742 – 16 February 1799 | Electorate of the Palatinate
(Sulzbach line, with the Electorate of Bavaria since 1777)
Charles August |  | 29 October 1746
Düsseldorf
First son of Frederick Michael of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken and Maria Franziska of the Palatinate-Sulzbach | 5 November 1775 – 1 April 1795 | County of Zweibrücken | Maria Amalia of Saxony
12 February 1774
Dresden
no children  | 1 April 1795
Mannheim
aged 48 | Nephew of Christian IV, left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Charles John Louis |  | 13/18 September 1745
Gelnhausen
First son of John and Sophie Charlotte of Salm-Dhaun | 10 February 1780 – 31 March 1789 | County of Gelnhausen | Unmarried | 31 March 1789
Mannheim
aged 43 | Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother William.
William |  | 10 November 1752
Gelnhausen
Second son of John and Sophie Charlotte of Salm-Dhaun | 31 March 1789 – 16 February 1799 | County of Gelnhausen | Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
30 January 1780
Mannheim
three children  | 8 January 1837
Bamberg
aged 84 | In 1799 his lands were annexed to Bavaria.
Gelnhausen definitely annexed to the Electorate of Bavaria
Maximilian IV & I Joseph[29] |  | 27 May 1756
Schwetzingen
Second son of Frederick Michael of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken and Maria Franziska of the Palatinate-Sulzbach | 1 April 1795 – 16 February 1799  | County of Zweibrücken | Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt
30 September 1785
Darmstadt
five children

Caroline of Baden
9 March 1797
Karlsruhe
eight children  | 13 October 1825
Munich
aged 69 | Charles Theodore's heir, Maximilian Joseph, Duke of Zweibrücken (on the French border), brought all the Wittelsbach territories under a single rule in 1799. In the chaos of the Wars of the French Revolution, the old order of the Holy Roman Empire collapsed, and the Palatinate was dissolved: first, its left bank territories were occupied (and then annexed) by France starting in 1795; then, in 1803, its right bank territories were taken by the Margrave of Baden. The Rhenish Palatinate, as a distinct territory, disappeared. In the course of these events, Bavaria became once again the ally of France, and Maximilian IV Joseph became King Maximilian I of Bavaria—whilst remaining Prince-Elector and Arch-steward of the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, when the Holy Roman Empire was abolished.
16 February 1799 – 1 January 1806

1 January 1806 –13 October 1825 | Electorate of Bavaria
(until 1806; with the Palatinate in personal union until 27 April 1803)

Kingdom of Bavaria
(from 1806)
In 1799, Palatinate-Zweibrücken was definitely annexed to the Electorate of Bavaria
In 1803, the Electoral Palatinate was definitely annexed to the Electorate of Bavaria
Ludwig I |  | 25 August 1786
Strasbourg
Son of Maximilian IV & I Joseph and Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt | 13 October 1825 – 20 March 1848 | Kingdom of Bavaria | Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen
12 October 1810
Munich
nine children  | 29 February 1868
Nice
aged 81 | Abdicated in the Revolutions of 1848.
Maximilian II |  | 28 November 1811
Munich
Son of Ludwig I and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen | 20 March 1848 – 10 March 1864 | Kingdom of Bavaria | Marie of Prussia
12 October 1842
Munich
two children  | 10 March 1864
Munich
aged 52 |
Ludwig II |  | 25 August 1845
Munich
First son of Maximilian II and Marie of Prussia | 10 March 1864 – 13 June 1886 | Kingdom of Bavaria | Unmarried | 13 June 1886
Lake Starnberg
aged 40 | Ludwig II was called the Märchenkönig (Fairy tale king). He grudgingly acceded to Bavaria becoming a component of the German Empire in 1871, was declared insane in 1886.[30]
Regency of Prince Luitpold of Bavaria (1886-1912)
Regency of Prince Ludwig of Bavaria (1912-1913) | From a mathematical, calendrical point of view, his marked the longest "reign" amongst the Kings of Bavaria. However, Otto was mentally ill since teenhood and throughout all of his later life, hence the royal functions had to be carried out by prince regents.
Otto |  | 27 April 1848
Munich
Second son of Maximilian II and Marie of Prussia | 13 June 1886 – 15 November 1913 | Kingdom of Bavaria | Unmarried | 15 November 1913
Munich
aged 68
Ludwig III |  | 7 January 1845
Munich
Son of Prince Luitpold of Bavaria and Auguste Ferdinande of Austria | 5 November 1913 – 13 November 1918 | Kingdom of Bavaria | Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
20 February 1868
Vienna
thirteen children  | 13 November 1918
Sárvár
aged 76 | Previous regent. Declared King of Bavaria following a controversial change of the constitution, discharging his cousin Otto from "office". Lost the throne in the German Revolution of 1918–1919 at the end of World War I. Marks the end of 738 years of uninterrupted Wittelsbach rule over Bavaria.

## Major members of the family

[edit]

* Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1314–1347)

* Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France (1370–1435)

* Frederick V, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia (1596–1632)

* Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (1662–1726)

* Charles XII, King of Sweden (1682–1718)

* Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (1742–1745)

* Otto, King of Greece (1815–1867)

* Ludwig II, King of Bavaria (1845–1886)

### Patrilineal descent

[edit]

Portrait of Ludwig I of Bavaria by Joseph Karl Stieler, 1826

Duke Franz's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations.

1. Heinrich I, Count of Pegnitz, 1000–1043
2. Otto I, Count of Scheyern, 1020–1072
3. Eckhard I, Count of Scheyern, 1044-1088
4. Otto IV, Count of Wittelsbach, 1083–1156
5. Otto I, Duke of Bavaria, 1117–1183
6. Louis I, Duke of Bavaria, 1173–1231
7. Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria, 1206–1253
8. Louis II, Duke of Bavaria, 1229–1294
9. Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria, 1274–1319
10. Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine, 1300–1327
11. Rupert II, Elector Palatine, 1325–1398
12. Rupert of Germany, 1352–1410
13. Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken, 1385–1459
14. Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1424–1489
15. Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1462–1514
16. Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1502–1532
17. Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1526–1569
18. Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, 1560–1600
19. Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler, 1598–1654
20. Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1637–1717
21. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, 1674–1735
22. Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken, 1724–1767
23. Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, 1756–1825
24. Ludwig I of Bavaria, 1786–1868
25. Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria, 1821–1912
26. Ludwig III of Bavaria, 1845–1921
27. Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, 1869–1955
28. Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria, 1905–1996
29. Franz, Duke of Bavaria, b. 1933

### Bavarian branch

[edit]

* Louis V, Margrave of Brandenburg, Duke of Bavaria and Count of Tyrol (1323–1361)
* Albert I, Duke of Bavaria, Count of Holland and Hainaut (1347–1404)
* Isabeau de Bavière (1371–1435), queen-consort of France
* Ernest, Duke of Bavaria (1397–1438) duke of Bavaria-Munich
* Albert III, Duke of Bavaria (1438–1460) duke of Bavaria-Munich
* Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut and Holland (1417–1432)
* Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria (1465–1508)
* William IV, Duke of Bavaria (1508–1550), co-regent Louis X from 1516 to 1545
* Louis X, Duke of Bavaria (1516–1545)
* Albert V, Duke of Bavaria (1550–1579)
* Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (1597–1651)
* Maria Anna, Dauphine of France (1660–1690)
* Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (1662–1726)
* Duchess Violante Beatrice of Bavaria (1673–1731), Hereditary Princess of Tuscany and Governess of Siena,
* Clemens August of Bavaria (1700–1761)
* Maria Antonia of Bavaria (1724–1780)

### Palatinate branch

[edit]

* Frederick I, Elector Palatine (1451–1476)
* Frederick III, Elector Palatine (1559–1576)
* Frederick V, Elector Palatine (1610–1623), King of Bohemia (the "Winter King")
* Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine (1648–1680)
* Prince Rupert of the Rhine (1619–1682)
* Sophia of the Palatine (1630–1714), daughter of Frederick V, Heiress to the British throne, mother of King George I of Great Britain
* Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine (1652–1722)
* Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (1690–1718), his wife Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici being the last scion of the House of Medici
* King Ludwig I of Bavaria (1825–1848)
* Princess Sophie of Bavaria (1805–1872), Archduchess of Austria
* Elisabeth in Bavaria (1837–1898) ("Sisi"), Empress of Austria
* Ludwig II of Bavaria (1864–1886)
* Marie Sophie (1841–1925), last queen of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
* Elisabeth of Bavaria (1876–1965), queen-consort of Albert I of Belgium
* Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein, b. 1967

### Scandinavian kings

[edit]

* Christopher of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, reigned 1440–1448

#### Royal House of Sweden

[edit]

* Charles X Gustav of Sweden, reigned 1654–1660
* Charles XI of Sweden, reigned 1660–1697
* Charles XII of Sweden, reigned 1697–1718
* Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden, reigned 1718–1720

## Family tree

[edit]

### Antecedents of the Wittelsbachs and Early Dukes of Bavaria

[edit]

House of Wittelsbach

| | | | | | | | | Luitpold
Founder of the
Luitpoldings
Margrave of Carinthia
and
Upper Pannonia,
Count in the Nordgau
?-907|

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Arnulf the Bad[31][32]
Duke of Bavaria
r. 907–937
?-937|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | Count Henry von Schweinfurt[33]
Margrave of the Nordgau
r. 994-1017
c.970–1017
or, Count Berthold of Schweinfurt[citation needed]
?-980| | Leopold I[34]
Margrave of Ostmark
r. 976-994
c. 940 – 994| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Heinrich I
Count of Pegnitz
c. 1008 – c. 1043| |

House of Babenberg(de)
Margraves & Dukes of Austria to 1246|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Otto I[35]
Count of Scheyern
Vogt of Friesling
c.1020–1072|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Eckhard I[36]
Count of Scheyern
c. 1044–1091| | Bernard I[36]
Count of Scheyern
d.abt. 1102| | | | | | Otto II[36][37]
Count of Scheyern
Vogt of Friesling
and Weihenstephan
?-1120| | | | | | | | | | Arnold I[38]
Count of Scheyern in Dachau
d. c. 1123| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Udalrich I
(also Ulrich)
Count of Scheyern
and Vogt of Freising
† 1130| | Otto IV[39]
Count of Scheyern
Count of Wittelsbach, 1116
Count Palatine of Bavaria
r. 1120-1156
c. 1083–1156| | Ekkehard II
1116, Vogt von Ebersberg
† after 1135| | Otto III
d.1130| | Eckhard III
d.1183| | Bernard II (d. c. 1135)| | Conrad I
Count of Scheyern-Dachau
† 1130| | Arnold II
Count of Scheyern-Dachau
† 1124| | Otto I
Count of Scheyern in Dachau-Valley
† 1130|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | [40][41]
House of Wittelsbach| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Otto I the Redhead
Count Palatine of Bavaria,
Count of Wittelsbach & Scheyern (Otto VI)
r. 1156-1180
Duke of Bavaria
r. 1180-1183
1117–1183)| | Conrad of Wittelsbach, Cardinal
Archbishop of Mainz
, r. 1161–1165, 1183−1200
c.1120/1125–1200| | Otto VII
Count Palatine of Bavaria
d.1189| | | | | | | | | | Conrad I
Duke of Merania
r.1152–1159
d.1159| | | | | | Conrad I
Count of Scheyern in Dachau-Valley
† 1175| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | Louis I the Kelheimer
Duke of Bavaria
r. 1183-1231
1173 -1231| | | | | | Otto VIII
Count Palatine of Bavaria,r.1189-1209
bef. 1180–1209
killed Philip of Swabia| | | | | | | | | | Conrad II
Duke of Merania
r.1159-–1182
d.1182| | Otto II
Count of Scheyern in Dachau-Valley
† 1166| | Conrad II
Count of Scheyern in Dachau-Valley
† 1200|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | [42][43]
House of Wittelsbach| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Otto III
Count of Scheyern in Dachau-Valley
† 1268|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Otto II
Duke of Bavaria
r. 1231-1253
(1206-1253)
m.Agnes of the Palatinate,
grdd of Duke Henry the Lion
and Conrad of Hohenstaufen
by which the Wittelsbach inherited
the Palatinate|
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| | | | Louis II
Duke of Bavaria & Count Palatine of the Rhine
r. 1253-1294
(1229–1294)| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Henry XIII
Duke of (Lower) Bavaria
r. 1255-1290
(1235–1290)
m. Elizabeth d. Béla IV of Hungary|
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Rudolf I the Stammerer
Elector Palatine
(1274–1319)| | | | | | Louis IV
Holy Roman Emperor,1314
Duke of Upper Bavaria, 1294
(1282–1347)| | | | Otto III
Duke of (Lower) Bavaria
r. 1290–1312
King of Hungary
r.1305–1307
(1261–1312)| | Louis III
Duke of (Lower) Bavaria
r. 1290–1296
(1269–1296)| | Stephen I
Duke of (Lower) Bavaria
r. 1290–1310
(1271–1310)|
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House of Wittelsbach in the Palatine and Bavaria| | | | | | | | | | Henry XV
Duke of (Lower) Bavaria
r. 1312-1333
(1312–1333)| | Henry XIV
Duke of (Lower) Bavaria
r. 1310–1339
(1305–1339)| | Otto IV
Duke of (Lower) Bavaria
r. 1310–1334
(1307–1334)|
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | John I
Duke of (Lower) Bavaria
r. 1339–1340
(1329–1340)
lower Bavaria passed to Emperor Louis IV|

### The Palatine/Elder Branch

[edit]

House of Wittelsbach in the Palatine

| | | | | | | | | | | | | House of Wittelsbach|

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| | | | | | | | | | | | Rudolf I the Stammerer
Elector Palatine
(1274–1319)| | | | | | | Louis IV
Holy Roman Emperor,1314
Duke of Upper Bavaria, 1294
(1282–1347)|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine(1300–1327)| | Rudolf II, Count Palatine of the Rhine
Elector Palatine
(1306–1353)| | Rupert I, Elector Palatine
Elector Palatine, 1353-1356
(1309– 1390)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Rupert II, Elector Palatine
Elector Palatine
(1325–1398)| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Rupert
King of Germany
(1352-1410)
m. Elisabeth of Nuremberg| | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rupert
(1375-1397)| | Frederick
(1377-1401)| | Louis III
Elector Palatine
(1378-1436)| | | John
Count Palatine of Neumarkt
(1383-1443)
m. Catherine of Pomerania| | | | | | | | Stephen
Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrucken
(1385-1459)
m. Anna of Veldenz| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Otto
Count Palatine of Mosbach
(1390-1461)|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Louis IV, Elector Palatine
Elector Palatine
(1424–1449)| | Frederick I, Elector Palatine
Elector Palatine
(1425–1476)| | Ruprect
Elector and Archbishop of Cologne
(1427 –1480)| | Christopher
King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway
(1416-1448)| | Frederick
the Hunsrücker
Count Palatine of Simmern
(1417-1480)| | Rupert
Bishop of Strasbourg
(1420-1478)| | Stephen
(1421-1485)| | | Louis
the Black
(1424-1489)
m. Johanna de Cröy| | | John
Archbishop of Magdeburg
(1429-1475)| | | | | | | | Counts of Mosbach-Neumarkt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Philip, Elector Palatine
Elector Palatine
(1448–1508)| | | | | | | | | | | | | John I, Count Palatine of Simmern
(1459–1509)| | | | | | Kaspar
Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
(1458-1527)| | | Alexander
the Lame
(1462-1514)
m. Margaret of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein| | | | | |
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Louis V
Elector Palatine
(1478–1544)
Lutheran, 1530s| | Ruprecht of the Palatinate
lay Bishop of Friesing
(1481–1504)| | Frederick II the Wise
Elector Palatine
(1482–1556)
Lutheran, 1540s| | | | | | John II, Count Palatine of Simmern
(1492–1557)| | | | | | Louis
the Younger
(1502-1532)
m. Elisabeth of Hesse| | | Rupert
Count Palatine of Veldenz
(1506-1544)| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Otto Henry, Elector Palatine
Elector Palatine
(1502–1559)
Lutheran, 1540s| | Philip, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg
(1503–1548)| | | | | | | Frederick III
the Pious
Count Palatine of Simmern
Elector Palatine,1559
(1515–1576)
made the Palatine Calvinist| | | | | | | | Wolfgang
Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
(1526-1569)
n. Anna of Hesse| | | Counts of Veldenz| | | | | |
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| | | Louis VI, Elector Palatine
(1539–1583)
Lutheran| | | | John Casimir
Count Palatine of Lautern
(1543– 1592)
Calvinist general| | | | Philip Louis
Count Palatine of Neuburg
(1547-1614)
Lutheran
m.Anna of Jülich-Cleves-Berg| | | | John
the Lame
(1550-1604)
m. Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg| | | | | | Otto Henry
Count Palatine of Sulzbach
(1556-1604)| | | | Frederick
Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein
(1557-1597)| | | | Charles
Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
(1560-1600)|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Frederick IV, Elector Palatine
(1574 –1610)
Calvinist| | | | | | Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg
(1578–1653)
Duke of Jülich & Berg, 1614
Lutheran to 1613, Catholic| | Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
(1582–1632)
Catholic| | | John
the Younger
Count Palatine of Zweibrucken
(1584-1635)| | | Frederick Casimir
Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Landsberg
(1585-1645)| | | John Casimir
Count Palatine of Kleeburg
(1589-1652)
m. Catherine of Sweden| | | | | | | George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
(1591–1669)| | | Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
(1598–1654)|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| Princess Elizabeth of England, Scotland and Ireland
(1596–1662)| | Frederick V, Elector Palatine
(1596–1632), r. 1610–1623
King of Bohemia,1619-1620
Calvinist| | | Philip William
(1615–1690)
C. Pal. of Neuburg: r. 1653–1690, D. Julich & Berg: r. 1653–1679, Elector Palatine: r. 1685–1690
Catholic| | Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
(1622–1708)
Catholic| | | | Frederick
Count Palatine of Zweibrucken & Duke of Zweibrucken
(1616–1661)| | | Frederick Louis
Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
(1619-1681)| | Charles X Gustav
King of Sweden
(1622-1660)
m. Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp| | | Adolf John
Count Palatine of Kleeburg
(1629-1689)| | | Charles II Otto, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
(1625–1671)| | Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
(1637–1717)| | John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen
(1638–1704)

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Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine
(1617–1680)
r. 1648–1680
Calvinist| | Prince Rupert of the Rhine
(1619-1682)
English General and Admiral
Lord High Admiral of England
Duke of Cumberland| | Sophia
(1630–1714)
Her son became King George I of Great Britain in 1714.| | Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, D of Julich & Berg
(1658–1716)
Catholic| | Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine, D of Julich & Berg
(1661–1742)
Catholic| | Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
(1659–1732)| | Fredrick Louis
Count Palatine of Zweibrucken&
Duke of Zweibrucken
(1619–1681)| | | Charles XI
King of Sweden
(1655-1697)
m. Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark| | | Counts of Kleeburg, ext 1731
Duke of Zweibrucken, 1718| | | Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
D. of Zweibrucken
(1674–1735)| | Frederick Bernard, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen
(1697–1739)| | John, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen
(1698–1780)
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Charles II, Elector Palatine
(1651–1685)
r. 1680–1685
Calvinist| | | | | |
House of Hanover Kings of Great Britain| | | | | | | | | | John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach
(1700–1733)| | | | | | | | | Charles XII
King of Sweden
(1682-1718)| | | Ulrika Eleonora
Queen of Sweden
(1688-1741)
m. Frederick I of Sweden| | Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
D. Zweibrücken
(1722–1775)| | Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
D. Zweibrücken
Imp. Field Marshal
(1724–1767)| |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Charles Theodore
(1724–1799)
Elector Palatine r. 1742–1777
Palatine Electorate merged with Bavarian
Elector of Bavaria r. 1777–1799
Catholic| | | | | | | | | | | | | Charles II August, Duke of Zweibrücken
(1746–1795)| | | | Maximilian I Joseph
D. Zweibrücken, 1795
El. Palatine, 1799-1806
El. Bavaria, 1799-1806
King of Bavaria, 1806
(1756-1825)| | William
Duke in Bavaria
(1752–1837)|
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Kings of Bavaria| |
Dukes in Bavaria|

### The Bavarian/Younger Branch

[edit]

House of Wittelsbach in Bavaria

The colours denote the Dukes, Counts and Electors over the following regions of Bavaria and under the following circumstances:

– Holy Roman Emperor

Name of Duke – Dukes of Bavaria (united)

Name of Elector – Elector and Duke of Bavaria, ArchSenechal of the Empire (1623–1777)

Name of Elector – Elector Palatine of the Rhine

Name of Count – Count of Holland, Zealand, and Hainaut, Duke of Bavaria in Bavaria-Straubing (Lower Bavaria)

Name of Count – Count of Holland, Zealand, and Hainaut, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (Lower Bavaria) -- disputed

Name of Margrave – Margrave of Brandenburg (Elector by Emperor Charles IV with Golden Bull of 1356)

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Name of Archbishop/Cardinal and Elector – Prince-Elector and Archbishop of Cologne/Cardinal

Name of Duke – Dukes of Bavaria in Upper Bavaria (Oberbayern)

Name of Duke – Dukes of Bavaria in Lower Bavaria (Niederbayern)

Name of Duke – Dukes of Bavaria in Bavaria-Landshut (Lower Bavaria)

Name of Duke – Dukes of Bavaria in Bavaria-Ingolstadt (Upper Bavaria)

Name of Duke – Dukes of Bavaria in Bavaria-Munich (Upper Bavaria)

Name of Duke – Dukes of Bavaria-Munich-Dachau (Upper Bavaria)

Name of Duke – Duke in Bavaria, used since 1506, when primogeniture was established in Bavaria, by all other members of the house of Wittelsbach

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| | | | | | | | | | | | House of Wittelsbach|

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| | | | | | | | | | | | Rudolf I the Stammerer
Elector Palatine
(1274–1319)| | | | | | | Louis IV
Holy Roman Emperor,1314
Duke of Upper Bavaria, 1294
(1282–1347)|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| Louis V the Brandenburger
Margrave of Brandenburg
r. 1323–1351
Duke of (Upper) Bavaria
r. 1347–1361
(1319–1375)| | Stephen II
Duke of Bavaria-Landshut
r. 1349–1363Duke of (Upper)Bavaria
r. 1363–1375
(1319–1375)| | | Louis VI the Roman
Duke of (Upper) Bavaria
r. 1347–1365
El. Margrave of Brandenburg
r. 1356–1365
raised to El. 1356
(1328–1365)| | William I
Duke of (Lower) Bavaria
r. 1349–1353
Duke of Bavaria(-Straubing)
r. 1353–1398
Count of Holland, Zealand, and Hainaut
r. 1345–1389
(1330–1389)| | Albrecht I
Duke of (Lower) Bavaria
r. 1349–1353
Duke of Bavaria(-Straubing)
r. 1353–1404
Count of Holland, Zealand, and Hainaut
r. 1389–1404
(1336–1404)| | Otto V the Bavarian
Duke of (Upper) Bavaria
r. 1349–1351
El. Margrave of Brandenburg
r. 1351–1373
raised to El. 1356, dep. 1373 by Emp. Charles IV for his son Wenceslaus
(1340–1379)|
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| Meinhard III
Count of Tyrol
r. 1361–1363Duke of (Upper)Bavaria
r. 1361–1363
(1344–1363)| | Stephen III of Ingolstadt
Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt
r. 1375–1413
(1337–1413)| | | Frederick of Landshut
Duke of Bavaria-Landshut
r. 1375–1393
(1339–1393)| | John II of Munich
Duke of Bavaria-Munich
r. 1375–1397
(1341–1397)| | | William II
Duke of Bavaria(-Straubing)
r. 1404–1417
Count of Holland, Zealand, and Hainaut
r. 1404–1417
(1365–1417)| | Albrecht II
Duke of Bavaria(-Straubing), admin for Will. II
r. 1389–1397
(1368–1397)| | John III the Pitiless
Prince Bp. of Liege, resigned
r. 1374–1425
Count of Holland, Zealand, de facto
r. 1420–1425
Duke of Bavaria(-Straubing)r. 1417–1425
Duke of Luxembourg w/ wife Eliz.of Gorlitzr. 1418–1425
(1374–1425)|
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| | | | Louis VII
Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt
r. 1413–1443
(1368–1447)| | | Henry XVI
Duke of Bavaria-Landshut
r. 1393–1450
Ingolstadt (merged), r. 1447–1450
(1386–1450)| | Ernest
Duke of Bavaria-Munich
r. 1397–1438
absorbed Straubing, 1429
(1373–1438)| | William III
co-Duke of Bavaria-Munich
r. 1397–1435
(1375–1435)| | Jacqueline
Count of Holland, Zealand, and Hainaut
Holl & Zea. r. 1417–1420, r. 1425–1432, Hain r. 1417–1432
(1401–1436)|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Louis VIII
Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt
r. 1443–1445
(1403–1445)| | | Louis IX
Duke of Bavaria-Landshut & Ingolstadt
r. 1450–1479
(1417–1479)| | Albrecht III the Pious
Duke of Bavaria-Munich & Straubing
r. 1438–1460
(1401–1460)|
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| | | | | John IV of Munich
Duke of Bavaria-Munich & Straubing
r. 1460–1463
(1437–1463 of plague)| | | Sigismund of Dachau
co-Duke of Bavaria-Munich & Straubing
r. 1460–1467
Duke of Bavaria-Munich-Dachau, r. 1467–1501
(1439–1501)| | Albrect IV, the Wise
Duke of Bavaria-Munich & Straubing
r. 1467–1508,
Landshut, r. 1503–1508, & Ingolstadt
(1447–1508)
Male-Primogeniture est. 1506| | Christopher
(1449–1493, Rhodes)| | Wolfgang
(1451–1514), a canon in Passau, Augsburg and Köln|
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| | | | | William IV
Duke of Bavaria-Munich & Straubing, & Ingolstadt
r. 1508–1550
(1493 –1550)| | | | | | | Louis X of Landshut
Duke of Bavaria-Landshut
r. 1516–1545
(1495–1545)| | | | | | | Ernest
Administrator of Diocese of Passau, r. 1516–1540
Administrator of Diocese of Salzburg, r. 1540–1554
(1500–1560)|
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| | | | | Albrecht V
Duke of Bavaria
r. 1550–1579
(1528–1579)| | | | | | | United Bavaria| | | | | |
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| | | | | William V
Duke of Bavaria
r. 1579–1597
(1548–1626)| | | | | | | Ferdinand
Duke in Bavaria, general
(1550–1608)| | | | | | | Ernest
Duke in Bavaria
Elector and Abp. of Cologne, r. 1583–1612, & Pr. Bishop of Liege, (1581) & Hildesheim (1573), Freising, r. 1566–1612
(1554–1612)|
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| | | | | Maximilian I the Great
Duke of Bavaria
r. 1597–1651
Elector & Arch-Seneschal (repl. Palatine, conf. 1648)
r. 1623–1648
Elector of Bavaria & Arch-Seneschal
r. 1648–1651
(1573–1651)| | | | Philip
Duke in Bavaria
Bp. of Regensburg
r. 1579–1598
Cardinal, 1596
(1576–1598)| | | | Ferdinand
Duke in Bavaria
Elector and Abp. of Cologne & etc., r. 1612–1650
(1577–1650)| | | Albrecht VI
Duke in Bavaria
Landgrave of Leuchtenberg to 1650, Reichsgraf of Haag in Oberbayern
Regent of Bavaria, r. 1651–1654
(1584–1666)|
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| | | | | Ferdinand
Elector and Duke of Bavaria
r. 1651–1679
(1636–1679)| | | | | | | Maximilian
Duke in Bavaria
Landgrave of Leuchtenberg
Prince Administrator (Kuradministrator) of Bavaria
r. 1679–1680
(1638–1705)| | | | | | Maximilian Henry
Duke in Bavaria
Elector and Abp. of Cologne & etc., r. 1650–1688
(1621- 1688)| | Sigmund Albrecht

Duke in Bavaria
Bishop of Freising and Regensburg, 1668
(1623–1685)|
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| Maria Antonia of Austria
eldest d. & only surviving child of Emp.Leopold I & Margaret Theresa of Spain. heir to the Spanish throne
(1669–1692)| | Maximilian II Emanuel
Elector and Duke of Bavaria
r. 1679–1726
Governor of Spanish Netherlands
r. 1692–1706
(1662–1726)| | | | | | | Joseph Clemens,
Duke in Bavaria
Elector and Abp. of Cologne & etc., r. 1688–1723
(1671- 1723)|

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| Joseph Ferdinand
Duke in Bavaria
heir of Spain
(1692–1699)| | Charles VII
Elector and Duke of Bavaria
r. 1726–1745
King of Bohemia
r. 1741–1743
Holy Roman Emperor
r. 1742–1745
(1697–1745)| | | Philipp Moritz Maria
Duke in Bavaria
elected bishop of Paderborn and Münster
(1698–1719)| | Ferdinand Maria Innocenz
Duke in Bavaria
Imperial General
(1699–1738)| | Clemens Augustus
Duke in Bavaria
Elector and Abp. of Cologne & etc., r. 1723–1761
(1700–1761)| | Johann Theodore
Duke in Bavaria
Prince-Bishop of Regensburg, Prince-Bishop of Freising, and the Prince-Bishop of Liège
Cardinal
(1703–1763)|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Maximilian III Joseph
Elector and Duke of Bavaria
r. 1745–1777
(1727–1777)
by the Treaty of Pavia (1329), Bavaria was inherited by the elder branch of the Palatine| | | | | | | | | Clemens Franics
Duke in Bavaria
Crown Prince of Bavaria
(1722–1770)| |

### The Royal House of the Kingdom of Bavaria

[edit]

Royal House of Bavaria/Wittelsbach

The colors denote the Kings, Prince, Dukes in Bavaria during the kingdom of Bavaria.
All the male and female descendants were "Princes of Bavaria" and "Princesses of Bavaria" even the younger line of the "Dukes in Bavaria".

Name of King \- King of Bavaria Name of Duke \- Duke in Bavaria

|  |

Name of Prince – Head of Royal House

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| | 2\. Caroline
of Baden
1776–1841| | Maximilian I/IV Joseph
D. Zweibrücken, 1795
El. Palatine & Bavaria, 1799-1806
King of Bavaria,r. 1806–1825
(1756-1825)| | 1\. Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt
1765–1796| | | | | | | | William
Duke in Bavaria
(1752–1837)| | | | | | Countess Palatine Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
sister of King Max I of Bavaria|
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Fr Wm IV of Prussia
1795–1861| | Elisabeth
Ludovika
of Bavaria
1801–1873| | Ludwig I
King of Bavaria r. 1825–1848
(1786––1868 )| | Theresa
of Saxe-
Hildburghausen
1792–1854| | Karl Theodor
Fld Mar. & Insp. Gen.
(1795–1875)| | | | | | | Pius
D. in Bavaria
(1786-1837)| |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Maximilian II/V
King of Bavaria r. 1848–1864
(1811––1864)| | | | Marie of
Prussia
1825–1889| | Otto
King of Greece
r. 1832–1862
(1815–1867)| | Luitpold
Prinz Regent
r. 1886–1912
(1821–1912)| | Augusta
Ferdinande
of Austria
1825–1864| | Adalbert
P. of Bavaria
(1828–1875)m. Inf. Amalia, s. K.-Cnsrt Francis of Spain| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Maximilian Joseph
Duke in Bavaria
(1808–1888)| | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ludwig II
King of Bavaria r. 1864–1886
"the Swan King" or "der Märchenkönig"
(1845-1886)| | Otto I (VIII)
King of Bavaria r. 1886–1913 deposed
(1848–1916)| | Ludwig III
Prince Regent, r. 1912–1913
King of Bavariar. 1913–1918 abd.
in pretence
1918–1921
(1845–1921)| | Maria
Theresa of
Austria-Este
1849–1919| | | Leopold, Fld. Mar.
(1846–1930)| | | Arnulf
(1852–1907)| | Louis Ferdinand
(1859–1949)m. Infanta María de la Paz of Spain| | | | | Alphonso
(1862–1933)| | | | Louis William, Gen. Cavalry
Duke in Bavaria
(1831–1920)| | Charles Theodore, Ophthalmologist
Duke in Bavaria
(1839–1909)| | | Maximilian, 2nd Lt.
Duke in Bavaria
(1849–1893)|

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Rupert
(1869–1955)
in pretence
1921–1955| | Marie
Gabrielle
of Bavaria, d. Charles Theordore
(1876–1912)| | Charles
(1874–1927)| | Francis, Gen.
(1875–1957)| | George, Col.
Priest, 1921, Mnsgr.
(1880–1943)| | Conrad, Maj.
(1883–1969)| | Henry, Maj.
(1884–1916),k. in action WWI| | Ferdinand
(1884–1958)
m. Inf. Maria Teresa of Spain| | Adalbert
(1886–1970)| | Joseph Clemens
(1902–1990)| | Luis William, Lt.
(1884–1968)| | Siegfried
(1876–1952)| | Christoph, Maj.
(1879-1963)| | Luitpold
(1890-1973)|

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Luitpold
Hereditary Prince of Bavaria
(1901–1914)| | Albert VI
"Duke of Bavaria"
1905–1996
in pretence
1955–1996| | Maria
Draskovich
of Trakostjan
1904–1969| | Henry
(1922–1958)| | Louis
(1913–2008)| | Rasso
(1926–2011)| | Eugen
(1925–1997)| | Princes of Spain

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Franz
"Duke of Bavaria"
1933–
in pretence
(1996–)| | Maximilian Emmanuel
Duke in Bavaria
(1937-)| | | | | | Luitpold
(1951-)| | Father Florian
born Francis Joseph
(1957–2022)| | Wolfgang
(1960-)| | Christopher
(1962-)|

### Complete Genealogy of the Wittelsbach Dynasty

[edit]

### Living legitimate members of the House of Wittlesbach

[edit]

Bold signifies heads of the house and numbers shown indicate the pretense to the kingship of Bavaria:

* Ludwig I of Bavaria (1786–1868)
* Maximilian II of Bavaria (1811–1864)
* Ludwig II of Bavaria (1845–1886)
* Otto of Bavaria (1848–1916)
* Princess Mathilde Caroline of Bavaria (1813–1863), married Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse (1806-1877) without issue
* Prince Otto of Bavaria, later King of Greece, (1815–1867), married Princess Amalia of Oldenburg (1818–1875) without issue
* Princess Theodelinde of Bavaria (1816–1817)
* Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria (1821–1912)
* Ludwig III of Bavaria 1845–1921
* Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria (1869–1955)
* Prince Luitpold of Bavaria (1901–1914)
* Princess Irmingard of Bavaria (1902–1903)
* Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria (1905–1996)
* Princess Marie Gabrielle of Bavaria (born 1931), married Georg, Prince of Waldburg zu Zeil und Trauchburg (1928–2015) and has issue
* Princess Marie Charlotte of Bavaria (1931–2018), married Paul, Prince of Quadt zu Wykradt und Isny (1930–2011) and issue
* Franz, Duke of Bavaria (born 1933), head of the House of Wittelsbach (1996–present)
* (1) Prince Max-Emanuel, Duke in Bavaria (born 1937)
* Princess Sophie of Bavaria (born 1967), married Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein (born 1968) and has issue
* Princess Marie Caroline of Bavaria (born 1969), married Duke Philipp of Württemberg (born 1964) and has issue
* Princess Helene of Bavaria (born 1972)
* Princess Elisabeth of Bavaria (born 1973), married Daniel Terberger (born 1967) and has issue
* Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria (born 1975), married twice and has issue
* Prince Rudolf of Bavaria (1909–1912)
* Prince Heinrich of Bavaria (1922–1958), married Anne Marie de Lustrac (1927–1999) without issue
* Princess Irmingard of Bavaria (1923–2010), married Prince Ludwig of Bavaria (1913–2008), see issue below
* Princess Editha of Bavaria (1924–2013), married twice and has issue
* Princess Hilda of Bavaria (1926–2002), married Juan Bradstock Edgar Lockett de Loayza (1912–1987) and had issue
* Princess Gabriele of Bavaria (1927–2019), married Carl Emmanuel, 14th Duke of Croÿ (1914–2011) and had issue
* Princess Sophie of Bavaria (born 1935), married Jean, 12th Duke of Arenberg (1921–2011) and has issue
* Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria (1870–1958), married William, Prince of Hohenzollern (1864–1927) without issue
* Princess Maria Ludwiga Theresia of Bavaria (1872–1954), married Prince Ferdinand Pius, Duke of Castro (1869–1960) and had issue
* Prince Karl of Bavaria (1874–1927)
* Prince Franz of Bavaria (1875–1957)
* Prince Ludwig of Bavaria (1913-2008)
* (2) Prince Luitpold of Bavaria (born 1951)
* Princess Auguste of Bavaria (born 1979), married Hereditary Prince Ferdinand of Lippe-Weißenfeld (born 1976) and has issue
* Princess Alice of Bavaria (born 1981), married Prince Lukas of Auersperg (born 1981) and has issue
* (3) Prince Ludwig of Bavaria (born 1982)
* (4) Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria (born 2024)
* (5) Prince Heinrich of Bavaria (born 1986)
* (6) Prince Maximilian of Bavaria (born 2021)
* (7) Prince Luitpold of Bavaria (born 2023)
* (8) Prince Karl of Bavaria (born 10 March 1987)
* Princess Maria of Bavaria (1953-1953)
* Princess Philippa of Bavaria (1954–1953)
* Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria (1914–2011), married Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza (1909–1981) and had issue – including the current Head of the Imperial House of Brazil
* Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria (1917–2004), married Baron Zdenko von Hoenning-O'Caroll (1906–1996) and had issue
* Princess Eleonore of Bavaria (1918–2009), married Count Konstantin of Waldburg-Zeil (1909–1972) and had issue
* Princess Dorothea of Bavaria (1920–2015), married Archduke Gottfried of Austria (1902–1984) and had issue
* Prince Rasso of Bavaria (1926-2011)
* Princess Maria Theresa of Bavaria (born 1956), married Count Tamбs Kornis de Gцncz-Ruszka (born 1949) and has issue
* Prince Franz-Josef of Bavaria (1957–2022)
* Princess Elisabeth of Bavaria (born 1959), married Count Andreas von Kuefstein (born 1954) and has issue
* (9) Prince Wolfgang of Bavaria (born 1960)
* (10) Prince Tassilo of Bavaria (born 1992)
* (11) Prince Richard of Bavaria (born 1993)
* (12) Prince Philip of Bavaria (born 1996)
* Princess Flavia of Bavaria (born 2011)
* Princess Benedikta of Bavaria (born 1961), married Count Rudolf von Freyberg-Eisenberg (born 1958) and has issue
* (13) Prince Christoph of Bavaria (born 1962)
* (14) Prince Corbinian of Bavaria (born 1996)
* (15) Prince Stanislaus of Bavaria (born 1997)
* (16) Prince Marcello of Bavaria (born 1998)
* Princess Odilia of Bavaria (born 2002)
* Princess Gisela of Bavaria (born 1964), married Prince Alexander of Saxony (born 1954) and has issue
* Princess Mathilde of Bavaria (1877–1906), married Prince Ludwig Gaston of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1870–1942) and had issue
* Prince Wolfgang of Bavaria (1879–1895)
* Princess Hildegard of Bavaria (1881–1948)
* Princess Notburga of Bavaria (1883-1883)
* Princess Wiltrud of Bavaria (1884–1975), married Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach (1864–1928) without issue
* Princess Helmtrud of Bavaria (1886–1977)
* Princess Dietlinde of Bavaria (1888–1889)
* Princess Gundelinde of Bavaria (1891–1983), married Count Johann Georg of Preysing-Lichtenegg-Moos (1887–1924) and had issue
* Prince Leopold of Bavaria (1846–1930)
* Princess Elisabeth Marie of Bavaria (1874–1957), married Count Otto of Seefried and Buttenheim (1870–1951) and had issue
* Princess Auguste of Bavaria (1875–1964), married Archduke Joseph August of Austria (1872–1962) and had issue
* Prince Georg of Bavaria (1880–1943), married Archduchess Isabella of Austria (1888–1973) without issue
* Prince Konrad of Bavaria (1883–1969)
* Princess Amalie Isabella of Bavaria (1921–1985), married Count Umberto Poletti Galimberti, Count di Assandri (1921–1995) and had issue
* Prince Eugen of Bavaria (1925–1997), married Countess Helene von Khevenhüller-Metsch (1921–2017) without issue
* Princess Therese of Bavaria (1850–1925)
* Prince Arnulf of Bavaria (1852–1907)
* Prince Heinrich of Bavaria (1884–1916)
* Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria (1823–1914), married Francis V, Duke of Modena (1819–1875) and had issue
* Princess Hildegard of Bavaria (1825–1864), married Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen (1817–1895) and had issue
* Princess Alexandra of Bavaria (1826–1875)
* Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (1828–1875)
* Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria (1859–1949)
* Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria (1884–1958), married twice and renounced his rights to the Bavarian throne in 1914
* Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (1886–1970)
* Prince Konstantin of Bavaria (1920–1969)
* (17) Prince Leopold of Bavaria (born 1943)
* (18) Prince Manuel of Bavaria (born 1972)
* (19) Prince Leopold of Bavaria (born 2007)
* Princess Alva of Bavaria (born 2010)
* (20) Prince Gabriel of Bavaria (born 2014)
* (21) Prince Joseph of Bavaria (born 2019)
* Princess Maria del Pilar of Bavaria (born 1978)
* Princess Maria Felipa of Bavaria (born 1981), married Christian Dienst (born 1978) and has issue
* (22) Prince Konstantin of Bavaria (born 1986)
* (23) Prince Alexis of Bavaria (born 2020)
* (24) Prince Nikolaus of Bavaria (born 2023)
* (25) Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (born 1944)
* Princess Bernadette of Bavaria (born 1986), married Carmelo Milici (born 1987) and has issue
* (26) Prince Hubertus of Bavaria (born 1989)
* Princess Ysabel of Bavaria (born 1954), married Count Alfred Hoyos (born 1951) and has issue
* Prince Alexander of Bavaria (1923–2001)
* Prince Alfons of Bavaria (1862–1933)
* Prince Joseph Clemens of Bavaria (1902–1990)
* Princess Elisabeth of Bavaria (1913–2005), married twice and had issue
* Princess Isabella of Bavaria (1863–1924), married Prince Tommaso, Duke of Genoa (1854–1931) and had issue
* Princess Elvira of Bavaria (1868–1943), married Count Rudolf von Wrbna-Kaunitz-Rietberg-Questenberg und Freudenthal (1864–1927) and had issue
* Princess Clara of Bavaria (1874–1941)

## Gallery of the Bavarian Kings

[edit]

* Max I. Joseph (1806–1825)

* Ludwig I. (1825–1848)

* Maximilian II. (1848–1864)

* Ludwig II. (1864–1886)

* Prinzregent Luitpold (1886–1912)

* Ludwig III. (1913–1918)

## Castles and palaces

[edit]

### Bavaria

[edit]

Some of the most important Bavarian castles and palaces that were built by Wittelsbach rulers, or served as seats of ruling branch lines, are the following:

* The Old Court in Munich

* Munich Residenz by Michael Wening

* Nymphenburg Palace in Munich

* Schleissheim Palace in Munich

* Trausnitz Castle in Landshut

* Ingolstadt Castle

* Straubing Castle

* Burghausen Castle

* Hohenschwangau Castle

* Linderhof Palace

* Herrenchiemsee Palace

* Neuschwanstein Castle

### Palatinate branch

[edit]

Some of the most important castles and palaces of the Palatinate Wittelsbach were:

* Heidelberg Castle 1670

* Mannheim Palace

* Schwetzingen Castle

* Neuburg Castle (Bavaria)

* Düsseldorf Castle

* Benrath Mansion in Düsseldorf

* Bensberg Castle

* Zweibrücken Castle

* Birkenfeld Castle 1645

* Sulzbach Castle

* Neumarkt Castle

* Simmern Castle 1648

### Electorate of Cologne

[edit]

From 1597 to 1794, Bonn was the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and residence of the Archbishops and Prince-electors of Cologne, most of them belonging to the Bavarian branch of the House of Wittelsbach (continuously from 1583 to 1761).

* Electoral Palace, Bonn

* Poppelsdorf Palace, Bonn

* Augustusburg Palace, Brühl

## Coats of arms

[edit]

A full armorial of the Wittelsbach family can be found on the French-language Wikipedia at Armorial of the House of Wittelsbach.

### Origins

[edit]

Armoiries | Écu | Nom et blasonnement

|
|

|  | House of Scheyern

De gueules, à fasce vivrée d'argent. Cimier: un chapeau piramidal aux armes de l'ècu, retrousseré d'argent, sommé d'une plume d'autruche de même. (azure, a golden fess dancetty)[41]

|  | House of Wittelsbach The "strikingly simple and beautiful" arms of Wittelsbach were taken from the arms of the counts of Bogen, who became extinct in 1242. When Louis I married Ludmilla, the widow of Albert III, Count of Bogen, he adopted the coat of arms of the counts of Bogen together with their land, along the Danube between Regensburg and Deggendorf. The first members of the family to use the arms were that Louis I/Ludwig and Heinrich, who were the sons of first Wittelsbach Duke of Bavaria, Otto I. They used the arms in their seals around 1240. The arms have ever since been the arms of the family. The number of lozenges varied; from the 15th century 21 were used, increasing to 42 when Bavaria became a kingdom in 1806.[41]

Fuselé en bande d'azur et d'argent.[44]

| Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1215.

de sable, au lion d'or, armé, lampassé et couronné de gueules et en 2 et 3 fuselé en bande d'azur et d'argent.[45] [Inconsistent with the image, which is not quartered with the Bavarian arms] The Count Palatine was also an Electoral Prince of the Empire, with the title of arch-seneschal of the Empire, as symbolized by : gueules à l'orbe d'or cerclée de même.[citation needed]

### Grand Offices of the Prince Electors of the House of Wittelsbach (Erzämter)

[edit]

Each of the prince electors carried one of the grand offices of the Empire. Each office was indicated by a heraldic mark; the ones that the House of Wittelsbach carried are shown below.

Office and titles  | Mark of office  | Holder  | Blazon (of mark of office)

|
|
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Arch-Senechal (Arch-Steward) of the Empire
(Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1329 to 1623 and 1706 to 1714,
plus Dukes of Bavaria from 1623 to 1706 and after 1714)  |

|  | De gueules à l'orbe d'or.[citation needed]
Arch-treasurer of the Empire
(Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1652 to 1706 and from 1714 to 1777,
plus House of Hanover from 1710 to 1714 and after 1777)  |

|  | De gueules à la couronne de Charlemagne d'or.[citation needed]

### Palatinate branch (senior line), issue of Rudolph I of the Palatinate and Bavaria

[edit]

In the German fashion, all the sons were "Count Palatine of the Rhine" (German: Pfalzgraf bei Rhein). There was only one Elector Palatine of the Rhine (German: Kurfürst von der Pfalz). Similarly, all the sons were Dukes of Bavaria (German: Herzog von Bayern), until 1506. Then, Duke in Bavaria (German: Herzog in Bayern) was the title used by all members of the House of Wittelsbach with the exception of the Duke of Bavaria. This became a unique position given to the eldest descendant of the younger branch of the Wittelsbachs, who inherited the rule of the entire duchy of Bavaria. For example, so reads the full title of the late 16th century's Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and patriarch of the House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld: "Count Palatine by Rhine, Duke in Bavaria, Count at Veldenz and Sponheim" (Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Herzog in Bayern, Graf zu Veldenz und Sponheim).

Figure  | Name of armiger and blazon

|

| Electoral Palatinate, County Palatine of the Rhine from 1215 to 1623.

Quarterly 1 and 4 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules, 2 and 3 fusilly bendwise azure and argent.[45]

Heraldic augmentation for the Count Palatine of the Rhine, a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire: Quarterly 1 and 4 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules, 2 and 3 fusilly bendwise azure and argent, overall gules, an orb or encircled of the same.[citation needed]

| Electoral Palatinate, County Palatine of the Rhine from 1215 to 1623.

Coat of arms (15th century), the Wittelsbach (Bogen) lozenges quartered with the lion of the Palatinate.

| Rupert of Germany (1352 † 1410), king of the Romans from 1400 to 1410.

Or, an eagle sable, membered, beaked and langued gules; overall quarterly 1 and 4 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules, 2 and 3 fusilly bendwise azure and argent.[citation needed]

| Christopher of Bavaria (1416 † 1448), king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden

Quarterly a cross paty argent, fimbriated gules, cantonned 1 and 4, azure three bars wavy argent, overall a lion crowned or, which is Sweden ancien, 2 and 3 fusilly bendwise argent and azure, which is Bavaria. Overall quarterly 1 or, nine hearts gules in three pallets, three lions passant guardant azure in pale, armed and langued gules, crowned of the field, brochant sur-le-tout, which is Denmark, 2 azure, three crowns or, which is Sweden moderne, 3 gules, a lion crowned or, holding in his paws a battle-axe argent, the handle of the second, which is Norway ancien and 4 gules, a dragon or, which is for the Kingdom of the Vandals[citation needed]

| Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken (1385 † 1459), Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken

Quarterly 1 and 4 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules (Palatinate), 2 and 3 fusilly bendwise azure and argent (Bavaria), overall an inescutcheon Chequy or and azure (Simmern)[46]

| Counts Palatine of Veldenz

Quarterly 1 and 4 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules (Palatinate), 2 and 3 fusilly bendwise azure and argent (Bavaria), overall an inescutcheon d'argent a lion d'azur, with a couronné d'or [47]

| Counts of Palatinate–Birkenfeld (1584–1717)

Quarterly 1 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules (Palatinate), 2 fusilly bendwise azure and argent (Bavaria), 3 a lion azure crowned or (Veldenz), 4 Chequy gules and azure (Birkenfeld).[image is chequy gules and argent][48]

| Frederick V, Elector Palatine (1596 † 1632), elector palatine from 1610 to 1623 and king of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620.

Quarterly of six, three rows of two, 1 gules, a lion argent, queue fourchée in saltire, crowned, armed and langued or (Bohemia), 2 azure, an eagle chequy of argent and gules, beaked, langued, membered and crowned or (Moravia), 3 or, an eagle sable, armed, beaked and langued gules, on its heart a crescent below a cross argent (Silesia), 4 barry of six argent and azure, a lion gules, queue fourchée in saltire, armed, langued and crowned or (Luxembourg), 5 per fess embattled azure and or (Upper Lusace), 6 argent, a bull gules issuant from a terrace vert (Lower Lusace). Overall per pale sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules (Palatinate) and fusilly bendwise azure and argent (Bavaria); grafted in point gules, an orb or, which is the heraldic augmentation for the archsteward of the Holy Roman Empire.[citation needed]

| Counts Palatine of the Rhine from 1648 to 1688.

Quarterly 1 and 4 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules (Palatinate), 2 and 3 fusilly bendwise azure and argent (Bavaria), overall gules, a crown of Charlemagne or, which is the heraldic augmentation for the archtreasurer of the Holy Roman Empire.[49]

| Counts palatine of Neuburg from 1574 to 1688.
Counts palatine of Sulzbach from 1688 to 1795.

Quarterly of eight, two rows of four, 1 fusilly bendwise azure and argent (Bavaria), 2 or, a lion sable, armed and langued gules (Juliers), 3 gules, an escutcheon argent surmounted by an escarbuncle with rays or (Cleves), 4 argent, a lion gules, queue fourchée in saltire, armed, langued and crowned or (Berg), 5 argent, a lion azure armed, langued and crowned or (Veldenz), 6 or, a fess chequy argent and gules of three rows (de la Marck), 7 argent, three chevrons gules (Ravensberg), 8 argent, a fess sable. Overall, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules (County palatine of the Rhine).[citation needed]

| Electors palatine of Neuburg from 1688 to 1742.

Per pale, I quarterly 1 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules (county palatine of the Rhine), 2 fusilly bendwise azure and argent (Bavaria), 3 argent, a lion azure armed, langued and crowned or (Veldenz), 4 or, a fess chequy of three rows argent and gules (de la Marck), II per fess, the chief tierced in pale, the base per pale: 1, or, a lion sable, armed and langued gules (Juliers), 2 gules, an escutcheon argent, surmounted by an escarbuncle with rays or (Cleves), 3 argent, a lion gules, queue fourchée in saltire, armed, langued and crowned or (Berg); 4 argent, three chevrons gules (Ravensberg), 5 argent, a fess sable. Overall gules, a crown of Charlemagne or (Arch-treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire).[citation needed]

| Counts palatine of Zweibrücken from 1569 to 1675 Palatine Zweibrücken

Per pale, I quarterly 1 and 4 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules (county palatine of the Rhine), 2 and 3 fusilly bendwise, azure and argent (Bavaria); overall argent, a lion azure armed, langued and crowned or (Veldenz); II quarterly of six, two rows of three, 1 or, a lion sable, armed and langued gules (Juliers), 2 gules, an escutcheon argent, surmounted by an escarbuncle with rays or (Cleves), 3 argent, a lion gules, queue fourchée in saltire, armed, langued and crowned or (Berg), 4 or, a fess chequy of three rows, argent and gules (de la Marck), 5 argent, three chevrons gules (Ravensberg), 6 argent, a fess sable.[citation needed]

| Electorate of Bavaria under Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria, 1777–1799

1\. duchy of Cleve, 2. duchy of Jülich, 3. duchy of Berg, 4. principality of Moers, 5. heart, 6. markgraviat of Bergen op Zoom, 7. county of Mark, 8a. county of Veldenz, 8b. county of Sponheim, 9. county of Ravensberg, heart: duchy of Bavaria and Palatinate, electorate.

| Electorate of Bavaria under Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, 1799–1804

Grand quarters 1: Or a lion Sable with a forked tail in saltire armed and langued Gules, crowned Or (which is from Juliers) in 2, Argent a lion Gules, a forked tail in saltire, armed, langued and crowned Azure (which is of Berg), in 3, Gules, an escutcheon Argent, carbuncle rays Or, debruising over all (which is of Cleves) , in 4, Or a fess Sable (which of the County of Sponheim), in 5, checky Argent and Gules of three tires (which is of Birkenfeld), in 6 Gules, three mountain Vert charged of three silver crosses in saltire (which is from Bergen op Zoom), in 7, Argent with a lion Azure crowned Or (which is from the County of Veldenz, in 8, Or, a fess checkered argent and gules of three tires (which is from la Marck), in 9, argent, three coats of arms gules (2 and 1) (which is from Ribeaupierre), in 10, argent, three chevrons gules (which is from Ravensberg), in 11, argent three-headed eagle sable crowned or 2 and 1 (which is from the Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont, over all, quarterly in 1 and 4 Sable, a lion Or, armed and langued and crowned Gules (which is of the County Palatine of the Rhine) and 2 and 3 tapering in bend Azure and Argent (which is of Bavaria), on the all from gules to orb d'or.[50];.[51];[52]

| Electorate of Bavaria under Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, 1804–1806

Per pale in 1: Azure, to the penon quarterly Argent and Gules, the shaft Or and Argent and Gules of three pieces (which is of the Bishopric of Würzburg), in 2, Argent a lion Gules, the forked tail in saltire, armed, langued and crowned Azure (which is of Berg), in 3, Gules, an escutcheon Argent, carbuncle rays Or, debruising over the whole (which is of Cleves), in 4, Or a lion Sable armed and langued Gules a stick Argent debruising over the whole (which is of the Archdiocese of Bamberg), in 5, parti gules and argent (which is of the abbey of Augsburg, in 6, per fess gules and azure on the head of a princess crowned or (which is of the abbey of Kempten, in 7, d argent a Moor's head neck and earring Gules, crowned Or (which is of Freising Abbey), in 8, argent a wolf Gules (which is of the Abbey of Passau), in 9, Argent a fess Azure (which is of Leuchtenberg), in 10, Per fess in 1 Gules an elephant Argent and in 2 Or (which is of County Helfenstein ), 11, argent, three chevrons gules (which is Ravensberg), 12, argent a mounting three peaks vert surmounted by a lion gules armed and langued also gules (which is of Mindeheim), 13, Or, a fess chequered Argent and Gules of three rows (which is of the Marck), 14, Gules a half-headed eagle Argent (which is of Ottobeuren Abbey ), 15, Argent to the castle with two towers Gules (which is of Rothenburg), over all, quarterly in 1 and 4 Sable, to the lion Or, armed and langued and crowned Gules (which is of County Palatine of the Rhine) and in 2 and 3 tapered in bend Azure and Argent (which is of Bavaria), over all Gules an orb Or..[53]

| Kings of Sweden from 1654 to 1720 (from the Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken-Kleeburg a sub-cadet branch of the Counts Palatine of Zweibrücken)

Quarterly, a cross paty or, which is the cross of Saint Eric, cantonned 1 and 4, azure, three crowns or, two and one (Sweden moderne), 2 and 3 azure, three bars wavy argent, a lion crowned or, armed and langued gules (Sweden ancien). Overall quarterly Bavaria, Juliers, Cleves and Berg, inescutcheon sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules (County palatine of the Rhine).[citation needed]

| Counts palatine of Birkenfeld from 1569 to 1795.

Per pale, I quarterly 1 and 4 County palatine of the Rhine, 2 and 3 Bavaria; II quarterly 1 Veldenz, 2 chequy gules and argent (de Birkenfeld), 3 argent, three escutcheons gules, two and one (Rappolstein), 4 argent, three heads of eagles sable, crowned or, two and one (de Hohenach).[citation needed]

| King of Bavaria from 1809 to 1835.

Fusilly bendwise, azure and argent, an inescutcheon gules, a sword argent pommelled or and a scepter or in saltire, in chief a royal crown or[citation needed]

| Kings of Bavaria from 1835 to 1918 (see Coat of arms of Bavaria).

Quarterly 1 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules (County palatine of the Rhine), 2 per fess indented gules and argent (the "Franconian Rake") for the northern parts of Bavaria that were part of the stem duchy of Franconia, 3 bendy sinister argent and gules, a pale or (markgraviate of Burgau representing those lands that were part of the stem duchy of Swabia), 4 argent, a lion azure, armed, langued and crowned or (Veldenz) representing the lands on the middle Rhenish Palatinate were this branch of the Wittelsbachs originated. Overall, Bavaria.[citation needed]

| Otto de Wittelsbach (1815 † 1867), king of Greece.

Azure, a cross couped argent, inescutcheon Bavaria.[citation needed]

| Dukes in Bavaria after 1834.

Paly-bendy azure and argent.

| Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria (1884–1958), Infante of Spain
branch of "Wittelsbach-Bourbon»

Quarterly, County Palatine of the Rhine, Franconia, de Burgovie, de Veldenz. Inescutcheon, Bavaria. In chief, gules, a cross argent.

### Bavarian branch (junior branch), issue of Louis of Bavaria, extinct by 1777

[edit]

Figure  | Name of armiger and blazon

|

| Dukes of Bavaria from 1180 to 1623.

Fusilly in bend azure and argent[citation needed]

| Louis IV (1286 † 1347), king of the Romans in 1314, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1328.

Or, an eagle sable, membered, beaked and langued gules, inescutcheon fusilly in bend azure and argent.[citation needed]

| Dukes of Bavaria and Electors of Brandenburg : Louis V († 1361), Louis VI († 1365) and Otto V († 1379).

Per pale fusilly in bend azure and argent, and argent, an eagle gules, armed, beaked and langued or.[citation needed]

| Duke of Bavaria-Straubing, Counts of Hainaut and Holland from 1254 to 1433.

Quarterly 1 and 4, fusilly in bend, azure and argent, 2 and 3, grand-quarterly I and IV or, a lion sable, armed and langued gules, II and III, or, a lion gules, armed and langued azure.[citation needed]

| Electors of Bavaria from 1623 to 1777.

In 1620, the Elector Palatine Frederick V, a Protestant, was defeated after trying to take the kingdom of Bohemia. He was placed under the ban of the Empire and his lands, titles and electoral dignity were confiscated and given to his Roman Catholic cousin, the Duke of Bavaria, who takes:

Quarterly 1 and 4 fusilly in bend, azure and argent, 2 and 3 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules, overall gules, an orb crucifer or.[citation needed]

| Charles VII (1697 † 1745), Holy Roman Emperor from 1742 to 1745.

Or, an eagle sable, membered, beaked and langued gules; inescutcheon quarterly 1 and 4 fusilly in bend, azure and argent, 2 and 3 sable, a lion or, armed, langued and crowned gules, sur le tout gules, an orb crucifer or.[citation needed]

## See also

[edit]

The Bavarian Crown Jewels (at Munich Residenz)

* Kings of Germany family tree
* List of rulers of Bavaria
* List of rulers of the Palatinate
* Asteroid 90712 Wittelsbach, named in the castle and dynasty's honour
* Wittelsbach Diamond
* Monarchism in Bavaria after 1918
* List of coats of arms with the Palatine Lion

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Goodey, Emma (17 March 2016). "Succession". The Royal Family.
2. ^ Rodrigues, Ana Maria S. A.; Silva, Manuela Santos; Spangler, Jonathan W. (19 August 2019). Dynastic Change: Legitimacy and Gender in Medieval and Early Modern Monarchy. ISBN 9781351035125.
3. ^ Germany: Bavaria: Heads of State: 1806–1918 archontology.org, accessed: 14 June 2008
4. ^ Manfred Berger (2003). "Rupprecht, Maria Luitpold Ferdinand, Kronprinz von Bayern, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Herzog von Bayern, Franken und in Schwaben usw.". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 22\. Nordhausen: Bautz. cols. 1173–1186. ISBN 3-88309-133-2.
5. ^ "house of Wittelsbach | Facts & History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-10-05.
6. ^ Sun, Baltimore. "Duke Albrecht of Bavaria,91, who survived Nazi..." baltimoresun.com. Retrieved 2021-10-05.
7. ^ Franz von Bayern (with Marita Krauss): Zuschauer in der ersten Reihe: Erinnerungen (Front row audience: memories), publisher C. H. Beck, 2023, pp. 5–28
8. ^ Website of Wittelsbacher Ausgleichsfonds (Wittelsbach Compensation Fund), in German
9. ^ The board usually consists of the head of the House of Wittelsbach, the Bavarian Minister of Education, Sciences and Arts, and the General Director of the Bavarian State Painting Collections.
10. ^ Tagesschau (German TV programme): Die Wittelsbacher und ihre heutige Rolle: "Ehrgeiz für Bayern" (The Wittelsbachers and their role today: “Ambition for Bavaria”)
11. ^ Wittelsbach Compensation Fund, website (in German)
12. ^ Heirs of the Bavarian kings still collect millions (German article in Süddeutsche Zeitung, 6 February 2016)
13. ^ Francis of Bavaria (with Marita Krauss): Zuschauer in der ersten Reihe: Erinnerungen (Front row audience: memories), 2023, p. 178−181
14. ^ Website of the European Foundation for the Imperial Cathedral of Speyer: Committees.
15. ^ Goodey, Emma (17 March 2016). "Succession". The Royal Family. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
16. ^ "George I". BBC History.
17. ^ United with the Duchy of Merania in 1152-59 and 1172-82
18. ^ 1428 in the Duchy itself; 1433 in the Low Countries possessions which went to the Duchy of Burgundy
19. ^ Following the War of the Succession of Landshut, the region around Neuburg didn't rejoin Bavaria, and formed an independent county.
20. ^ Between 1559 and 1592, the county of Lautern was created for John Casimir, brother of the Elector; however it merged again after John Casimir's death with no male descendants.
21. ^ Between 1569 and 1572, a county at Vohenstrauss and Parkstein was created for Frederick, son of Count Wolfgang of Zweibrucken; However, it was re-merged in Zweibrucken after Frederick's death with no descendants.
22. ^ Bischweiler splits off in 1615-71; this line eventually took over and supplanted Birkenfeld in 1671.
23. ^ Landsberg also split off in 1604-1661; this line eventually took over Zweibrücken in 1661.
24. ^ Duchy formed by Albert VI, Duke of Bavaria, but in 1650 he exchanged this property with the County of Haag, which he held until his death. Leuchtenberg was inherited by a second son of Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria and later merged in this Electorate.
25. ^ a b The county was inherited by the Swedish branch of the Kleeburg line in 1681; in 1718, Charles XII of Sweden lacked heirs, and appointed his cousin Gustav from Kleeburg; Kleeburg merged in Zweibrücken under Gustav's rule (1718-31). The same would happen in 1731 with the Birkenfeld line: this line supplanted the Kleeburg one, and also merged with Zweibrücken.
26. ^ Otto III as Duke of Bavaria, as there were already two previous rulers of this name in the Duchy.
27. ^ Pius Wittmann, Die Pfalzgrafen von Bayern, Munich, Ackermann, 1877, p. 52.
28. ^ a b William III ascended first than William II, but was younger than him. The numbering applied reflects seniority
29. ^ Maximilian I as King of Bavaria.
30. ^ King, Greg (1996), The Mad King: The Life and Times of Ludwig II of Bavaria., ISBN 978-1-55972-362-6
31. ^ Duggan, Anne J., ed. Nobles and Nobility in Medieval Europe: Concepts, Origins, Transformations. Rochester, N.Y.: Boydell & Brewer, 2000.p.36.
32. ^ Muller-Mertens 1999, p. 239.
33. ^ *Warner, David, ed. (2001). Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg. Manchester University Press.
34. ^ Lingelbach 1913, p. 89.
35. ^ Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band I (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1980), Tafeln 9, 23
36. ^ a b c Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band I (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1980), Tafel 23
37. ^

> Louda & c make Otto II the father of Otto IV

38. ^ Wolfram Ziegler: König Konrad III. (1138–1152). Hof, Urkunden und Politik. Böhlau Wien, 2008, ISBN 978-3-205-77647-5, S. 472.
39. ^ Jeffery 2018, p. ii.
40. ^ Rietstap, Johannes Baptist (1861). Armorial général, contenant la description des armoiries des familles nobles et patriciennes de l'Europe: précédé d'un dictionnaire des termes du blason. G.B. van Goor. p. W. Archived from the original on 2023-05-10. Retrieved 2023-05-10. "De gueules, à la fasce vivrée d'argent. ..."
41. ^ a b c Biebel, Christoph (2006). "Das Wappen der Wittelsbacher" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-10-11.[dead link]
42. ^ Biebel, Christoph (2006). "Das Wappen der Wittelsbacher" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-10-11.[dead link]
43. ^ Maclagan & Louda 1999, p. 191
44. ^ Rietstap, Johannes Baptist (1861). Armorial général, contenant la description des armoiries des familles nobles et patriciennes de l'Europe: précédé d'un dictionnaire des termes du blason. G.B. van Goor. p. W. Archived from the original on 2023-05-10. Retrieved 2023-05-10. "Fuselé en bande d'argent et d'azur."
45. ^ a b BSB-CGM-1952.
46. ^ Rodler, Hieronymus (1532), Coat of arms of Johann II, Count Palatine and Duke of Simmern, 1532, Georg Rüxner, Anfang, ursprüg, und herkomen des Thurniers inn Teutscher nation, [2nd ed.], Seimern 1532, fol.[ix] (verso), retrieved 2023-05-15
47. ^ Rietstap, Johannes Baptist (1861). Armorial général, contenant la description des armoiries des familles nobles et patriciennes de l'Europe: précédé d'un dictionnaire des termes du blason. G.B. van Goor. p. Bavière (de). Archived from the original on 2023-05-10. Retrieved 2023-05-10. "Fuselé en bande d'argent et d'azur."
48. ^ Rodewald, Heinrich (1927). Das Birkenfelder Schloß. Leben und Treiben an einer kleinen Fürstenresidenz 1584-1717. Birkenfeld: Erike. "as the arms of Count Palatine Georg Wilhelm of Birkenfeld"
49. ^ Par déduction. En 1648, le fils de Frédéric V recupère une partie des terres paternelles, le titre d'électeur, confisquées en 1623, et la charge d'archi-trésorier du Saint-Empire. Il paraît logique de penser qu'il ajoute l'écu de cette charge sur ses armes.
50. ^ "Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte". hdbg.eu (in German). Retrieved 2023-04-23..
51. ^ "Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte" (in German). Retrieved 2023-04-23.
52. ^ "Digitale Bibliothek". daten.digitale-sammlungen.de (in German). Archived from the original on Jul 10, 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
53. ^ "Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte". hdbg.eu (in German). Retrieved 2023-04-23..

## References

[edit]

* Family tree of the Counts of Scheyern-Wittelsbach-Dachau-Valley, from a lecture by Prof. Schmid: Bayern im Spätmittelalter, winter 1996/97
* Muller-Mertens, Eckhard (1999). "The Ottonians as kings and emperors". In Reuter, Timothy; McKitterick, Rosamond (eds.). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024. Cambridge University Press.239
* Otto I at genealogie-mittelalter
* Otto II at genealogie-mittelalter (give a different date of death)
* Otto III at genealogie-mittelalter
* Lingelbach, William E. (1913). The History of Nations: Austria-Hungary. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company. ASIN B000L3E368.
* Jeffery, Renée (2018). Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia: The Philosopher Princess. Lexington Books.
* Johannes Rietstap: Rietstap, Johannes Baptist (2003). Armorial general (in French). Vol. 2\. Genealogical Publishing Co. ISBN 9780806304427.
* Johannes Rietstap: Rietstap, Johannes Baptist (1861). Armorial général, contenant la description des armoiries des familles nobles et patriciennes de l'Europe: précédé d'un dictionnaire des termes du blason (in French). G.B. van Goor.
* Johannes Rietstap: "On-line Armorial de J.B. RIETSTAP – et ses Compléments" (in French). Archived from the original on 9 December 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
* Johannes Rietstap: Rietstap, Johannes Baptist (1875). Handboek der Wapenkunde (in Dutch). the Netherlands: Theod. Bom. p. 348.
* Maclagan, Michael; Louda, Jiří (1999) [1981]. Line of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe. London: Little, Brown & Co. pp. 188–194\. ISBN 1-85605-469-1.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to House of Wittelsbach.

* Haus Bayern – webpage of the Royal House of Bavaria (in German)
* Archived website about the Royal Family of Bavaria
* Haus Bayern – Wittelsbacher Ausgleichsfonds – Wittelsbach foundation (in German)
* Die Genealogie der Wittelsbacher – Genealogy of the Wittelsbach family (in German)

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House of Wittelsbach

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