Human maximisation test

The Human maximisation test (HMT) is a test method for testing for contact allergens. It was first developed by Albert Kligman in 1966[1] and updated by Kligman and William Epstein in 1975.[2] The first paper appeared 1966[3] and was a citation classic in 1985.[4]

The test uses human medical volunteers (usually 25) and sodium laureth sulphate to maximise. Because of the potentially large human reaction, it is generally not considered ethical to use today.[5] It does not have a guideline under the OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. It has been compared with the murine local lymph node assay[6][7]

## See also

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* Patch test

## References

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1. ^ The Identification of Contact Allergens by Human Assay III. The Maximization Test: A Procedure for Screening and Rating Contact Sensitizers http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v47/n5/abs/jid1966160a.html Archived 2024-07-07 at the Wayback Machine
2. ^ Kligman, A. M.; Epstein, W. (1975). "Updating the maximization test for identifying contact allergens". Contact Dermatitis. 1 (4): 231–239\. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05389.x. PMID 1235254. S2CID 35702783.
3. ^ Kligman, A. M. (1966). "The identification of contact allergens by human assay. III. The maximization test: a procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers". J. Invest. Dermatol. 47 (5): 393–409\. doi:10.1038/jid.1966.160. PMID 5924294.
4. ^ "This Week's Citation Classic" (PDF). December 2, 1985. p. 18\. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
5. ^ "Opinion concerning the predictive testing of potentially cutaneous sensiting cosmetic ingredients or mixtures of ingredients adopted by the SCCNFP during the 11th plenary session of 17 February 2000 | Scientific Committees". Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
6. ^ Basketter, D.A.; Scholes, E.W.; Kimber, I. (1994). "The performance of the local lymph node assay with chemicals identified as contact allergens in the human maximization test". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 32 (6). Elsevier BV: 543–547\. doi:10.1016/0278-6915(94)90112-0. ISSN 0278-6915.
7. ^ Zaghi, D; Maibach, HI (2009). "The local lymph node assay compared with the human maximization test as an indicator of allergic potency in humans using patch test clinic populations". Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 28 (2): 61–4\. doi:10.1080/15569520902793627. PMID 19514928. S2CID 35683477.