Human trafficking in Virginia

Part of a series on

Slavery

Contemporary

* Child labour
* Child soldiers
* Conscription
* Debt
* Forced marriage
* Bride buying
* Child marriage
* Wife selling
* Forced prostitution
* Human trafficking
* Peonage
* Penal labour
* Contemporary Africa
* 21st-century jihadism
* Sexual slavery
* Wage slavery

Historical

Antiquity

* Egypt
* Babylonia
* Greece
* Rome

Medieval Europe

* Ancillae
* Balkan slave trade
* Byzantine Empire
* Kholop
* Serfs
* History
* In Russia
* Emancipation
* Thrall

Muslim world

* Contract of manumission
* Crimean slave trade
* Ottoman Empire
* Avret Esir Pazarları
* Barbary Coast
* slave trade
* pirates
* Sack of Baltimore
* Slave raid of Suðuroy
* Turkish Abductions
* Concubinage
* history
* Ma malakat aymanukum
* Avret Esir Pazarları
* Harem
* Abbasid harem
* Ottoman Imperial Harem
* Jarya/Cariye
* Odalisque
* Qiyan
* Umm walad
* Circassian slave trade
* 21st century

Atlantic slave trade

* Bristol
* Brazil
* Database
* Dutch
* Middle Passage
* Nantes
* New France
* Panyarring
* Spanish Empire
* Slave Coast
* Thirteen colonies

Topics and practice

* Conscription
* Ghilman
* Mamluk
* Devshirme
* Blackbirding
* Coolie
* Corvée labor
* Field slaves in the United States
* Treatment
* House slaves
* Saqaliba
* Slave market
* Slave raiding
* Child soldiers
* White slavery

Naval

* Galley slave
* Impressment
* Pirates
* Shanghaiing
* Slave ship

By country or region

Sub-Saharan Africa

* Contemporary Africa
* Trans-Saharan slave trade
* Red Sea slave trade
* Indian Ocean slave trade
* Angola
* Chad
* Ethiopia
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Niger
* Nigeria
* Seychelles
* Somalia
* South Africa
* Sudan

North and South America

* Americas indigenous
* U.S. Natives
* Aztec
* United States
* Field slaves
* female
* Contemporary
* maps
* partus
* prison labor
* Slave codes
* Treatment
* interregional
* Human trafficking
* The Bahamas
* Canada
* Caribbean
* Barbados
* British Virgin Islands
* Trinidad
* Code Noir
* Latin America
* Brazil
* Lei Áurea
* Colombia
* Cuba
* Haiti
* revolt
* Restavek
* (Encomienda)
* Puerto Rico

East, Southeast, and South Asia

* Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
* Bhutan
* China
* Booi Aha
* Laogai
* penal system
* India
* Debt bondage
* Chukri System
* Japan
* comfort women
* Korea
* Kwalliso
* Thailand
* Yankee princess
* Vietnam

Australia and Oceania

* Australia
* Human trafficking
* Blackbirding
* Slave raiding in Easter Island
* Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
* Blackbirding in Polynesia

Europe and North Asia

* Sex trafficking in Europe
* Britain
* Denmark
* Dutch Republic
* Germany in World War II
* Malta
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Spain
* Sweden

North Africa and West Asia

* Afghanistan
* Algeria
* Bahrain
* Egypt
* Human trafficking in the Middle East
* Iran
* Iraq
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Lebanon
* Libya
* Morocco
* Oman
* Palestine
* Saudi Arabia
* Syria
* Tunisia
* Qatar
* Yemen
* United Arab Emirates

Religion

* Bible
* Christianity
* Catholicism
* Mormonism
* Islam
* Judaism
* Baháʼí Faith

Opposition and resistance

* 1926 Slavery Convention
* Abolitionism
* U.K.
* U.S.
* Abolitionists
* Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
* Anti-Slavery International
* Blockade of Africa
* U.K.
* U.S.
* Colonization
* Liberia
* Sierra Leone
* Compensated emancipation
* Freedman
* manumission
* Freedom suit
* Slave Power
* Underground Railroad
* songs
* Slave rebellion
* Slave Trade Acts
* International law
* Third Servile War
* 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
* Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
* Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf [fa]

Related

* Common law
* Indentured servitude
* Unfree labour
* Fugitive slaves
* laws
* Great Dismal Swamp maroons
* List of slaves
* owners
* last survivors of American slavery
* Marriage of enslaved people (United States)
* Slave narrative
* films
* songs
* Slave name
* Slave catcher
* Slave patrol
* Slave Route Project
* breeding
* court cases
* Washington
* Jefferson
* J.Q. Adams
* Lincoln
* Emancipation Proclamation
* 40 acres
* Freedmen's Bureau
* Iron bit
* Emancipation Day

* v
* t
* e

Human trafficking in Virginia is the illegal trade of human beings for the purposes of reproductive slavery, commercial sexual exploitation, or forced labor as it occurs in the state of Virginia, and it is widely recognized as a modern-day form of slavery. It includes "the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power, or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs."[1]

According to officials with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Immigration and Customs Enforcement and other law enforcement agencies, there is a growing problem with human trafficking in Virginia, particularly in connection with Latino gangs, including MS-13. Anti-human trafficking advocates argue that weak laws in Virginia are attracting traffickers from Washington D.C. and Maryland which have passed stricter laws.[2] The National Human Trafficking Resource Center reported receiving 624 calls and emails in 2015 about human trafficking in Virginia.[3]

## History of slavery[edit]

Main article: History of slavery in Virginia

Slave prison in Alexandria, Virginia, ca. 1836

African workers first appeared in Virginia in 1619, brought by English privateers from a Spanish slave ship they had intercepted. As the Africans were baptized Christians, they were treated as indentured servants. Some laws regarding slavery of Africans were passed in the seventeenth century and codified into Virginia's first slave code in 1705.[4] Slavery became illegal during the years of the American Civil War (1861–1865).

## Demographics[edit]

Exact numbers are difficult to obtain since human trafficking is illegal in Virginia. However, the National Human Trafficking Resource Center keeps statistics on the number of calls to their hotline and the number of cases. From December 2007 to June 2015, they received 2,803 calls on human trafficking in Virginia, which resulted in 628 cases. The most common type of trafficking was sex trafficking, domestic work and traveling sales crews.[5]

## Laws in Virginia[edit]

Before April 1, 2015, Virginia was the only state in the nation that did not have any standalone human trafficking laws. SB 1188[6] and HB 1964[7] were passed on April 1, 2015. They were the first bills in Virginia to define sex trafficking, establish penalties, criminalized child sex trafficking as a Class 3 felony without the need to prove force, intimidation or deception, and criminalized recruitment for commercial sex. It also provides provisions for protecting and identifying sex trafficking victims.[8] Robert Dillard was the first man charged under this law.[9]

## Organizations based in Virginia[edit]

* Freedom 4/24 is an organization based in Lynchburg, Virginia. Its mission is to raise awareness of human trafficking of women and children around the world and to provide financial support to other anti-human trafficking organizations.[10] It sponsors Frocks 4 Freedom, an event selling discounted trendy fashion,[11] and Run 4 Their Lives, a 5K race,[12] to raise money for their anti-human trafficking work.
* The Gray Haven is an organization based in Richmond, Virginia that focuses on helping victims of human trafficking. The operate a drop-in center for victims, have a crisis response team, offer case management, and has a court advocacy team. They work with local, state, and federal law enforcement to identify and provide service for victims.[13]
* Northern Virginia Human Trafficking Initiative (NOVA HTI) is an organization based in Ashburn, Virginia that seeks to connect the community to fight human trafficking. It seeks to raise awareness, advocates for change in laws, and assist victims of human trafficking.[14]
* Valley Human Trafficking Initiative (VHTI) is an organization based in Winchester, Virginia that provides awareness training to the community and assists victims of human trafficking.[15]

## References[edit]

1. ^ United Nations (2000), U.N. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on April 24, 2014, retrieved March 3, 2012
2. ^ Rhew, Adam (November 9, 2010). "Human Trafficking in Virginia Part I". NBC. Archived from the original on January 29, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
3. ^ "United States Report: 1/1/2015 – 12/31/2015" (PDF). National Human Trafficking Resource Center. National Human Trafficking Resource Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
4. ^ Billings, Warren (2009). The Old Dominion in the Seventeenth Century: A Documentary History of Virginia, 1606–1700. pp. 286–287. ISBN 978-1-4429-6126-5.
5. ^ "National Human Trafficking Resource Center". Archived from the original on 2015-10-07. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
6. ^ "SB 1188". Archived from the original on 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
7. ^ "HB 1964". Archived from the original on 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
8. ^ Taryn. "Virginia Last State in Nation To Establish Human Trafficking Law". Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
9. ^ "North Carolina Man 1st to be charged with new Virginia Sex Trafficking Law". Archived from the original on 2015-08-31. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
10. ^ "Freedom 4/24". Freedom 4/24. Archived from the original on 2021-09-09. Retrieved 2021-11-24.
11. ^ "Frock 4 Freedom sale offering trendy fashion for a cause". ABC. September 11, 2015. Archived from the original on January 28, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
12. ^ "Run 4 Their Lives races". Freedom 4/24. Archived from the original on 2013-09-05.
13. ^ "The Gray Haven". Archived from the original on 2015-09-13. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
14. ^ "NOVA HTI". Archived from the original on 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
15. ^ "Valley HTI". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2017-08-14.

* v
* t
* e

Human trafficking in the United States

States|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Federal law|

* Human Trafficking Prevention Act
* Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2013 (2015)
* Stop Advertising Victims of Exploitation Act
* Stop Exploitation Through Trafficking Act
* Tariff Act of 1930
* Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act
* Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act

Types of trafficking|

* Commercial sexual exploitation of children
* Contemporary Slavery
* Forced marriage
* Forced prostitution
* Labor trafficking
* Sex trafficking
* Sexual slavery

Famous cases|

* Disappearance of Jessie Foster
* El Monte Thai Garment Slavery Case
* Headley v. Church of Scientology International
* Lakireddy Bali Reddy
* United States v. Kil Soo Lee

Initiatives|

* Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking
* Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
* Operation Coyote
* Operation Stormy Nights
* Polaris Project
* Run for Courage
* Safe Horizon
* Truckers Against Trafficking

Media|

* California's Forgotten Children
* Human Trafficking (miniseries)
* Spartan (film)
* Trade (film)
* Very Young Girls

* v
* t
* e

History of slavery in Virginia

* Slavery in the colonial history of the United States
* History of Virginia

Enslaved people|

* Angela (fl. 1619–1625)
* Emanuel Driggus (c. 1620s-d. 1673)
* Henry Box Brown (c. 1815–1897)
* John Casor (living 1655)
* Olaudah Equiano (c. 1745–1797)
* Isabella Gibbons (c. 1836–1890)
* William D. Gibbons (1825–1886)
* John Graweere (living 1641)
* Elizabeth Key Grinstead (Greenstead) (1630–1665)
* Left, husband of Jane Webb (fl. 1704–1727)
* Mary and Anthony Johnson (1600–1670)
* Dangerfield Newby (c. 1820–1859)
* John Punch (fl. 1630s, living 1640)
* Gabriel Prosser (1776–1800)
* William Tucker (born 1624)
* Booker T. Washington (1856–1915)

Slave owners|

* Presidents of the United States
* Washington
* Jefferson
* Madison
* Monroe
* Tyler
* John Armfield (1797–1871)
* Landon Carter (1710–1778)
* Robert "King" Carter (1663–1732)
* Robert Carter III (1728–1804), freed 450 slaves
* Thomas Roderick Dew (1802–1846)
* Andrew Hunter (1804–1888)
* Robert M. T. Hunter (1809–1887)
* Eppa Hunton
* Richard Bland Lee (1761–1827)
* William Mahone (1826–1895)
* George Mason (1725–1792)
* James M. Mason (1798–1871)
* John Page (1628–1692)
* Thomas Prosser
* Randolph family of Virginia
* William Barton Rogers (1804–1882)
* George Henry Thomas
* William Tucker (died 1642)
* John Wayles (1715–1773)
* Henry A. Wise (1806–1876)

Plantations|

* Beall-Air
* Berry Hill
* Brookfield
* Kenmore
* Monticello
* Montpelier
* Mount Airy
* Mount Vernon (enslaved people)
* Oatlands
* Poplar Forest
* Shirley
* Stratford Hall
* Tuckahoe
* Westover
* Woodlawn
* List of plantations in Virginia

Laws|

* Virginia laws
* An act concerning Servants and Slaves, 1705
* Federal laws
* Fugitive Slave Act of 1793
* Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves, 1808
* Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

Slave pens|

* Franklin and Armfield Office
* Lumpkin's Jail

Related articles|

* The 1619 Project
* African American Burial Ground
* Atlantic Creole
* Burning of Winchester Medical College
* Coastwise slave trade
* First Africans in Virginia
* Indentured servitude in Virginia
* District of Columbia retrocession
* Gabriel's Rebellion
* Great Dismal Swamp maroons
* Human trafficking in Virginia
* John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
* Liberation and Freedom Day
* Memorial to Enslaved Laborers
* Nat Turner's slave rebellion
* Virginia in the American Civil War
* Virginia v. John Brown
* White House of the Confederacy

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template