Hungarian nationalism

Flag of Hungary Hungarian Parliament Building.

Hungarian nationalism (Hungarian: magyar nacionalizmus) developed in the late 18th century[1][2] and early 19th century along the classic lines of scholarly interest leading to political nationalism and mass participation.[3][4] In the 1790s, Hungarian nobles pushed for the adoption of Hungarian as the official language rather than Latin.[1][2] This conflicted with Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II's declaration of German as the administrative language.[5] The lower Hungarian nobility launched a literary renaissance of the Hungarian language and culture, often questioning the loyalty of the magnates, less than half of whom were ethnic Hungarians, and many of these had become French- and German-speaking courtiers.[5] Following the successful revival of the Hungarian language in the first half of the 19th century, and the suppressed Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 finally elevated the status of the Hungarian nation to equality with Austria.[5]

## Parties

[edit]

### Current

[edit]

* Fidesz[6][7][8]
* Jobbik[9] (2003–2020)
* Our Homeland Movement[10] (2018–present)

### Former (After 1989: End of communism in Hungary)

[edit]

* People of the Orient Party – Christian Democrats[11] (1989–1998)
* Party of the Hungarian Interest[12] (1993–2005)
* Hungarian Justice and Life Party[13] (1993–2021) (merged with Our Homeland Movement[14])

### Former (Before 1945)

[edit]

* Unity Party (1922–1944)
* Hungarian National Independence Party (1923–1928)
* Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party[15][16] (1932–1945)
* Arrow Cross Party[17] (1935–1945)
* Christian National Socialist Front[18] (1937–1940)
* United Hungarian National Socialist Party[19] (1936–1940)
* National Front[18] (1936–1939)

## Movements

[edit]

* Magyar Gárda (2007–2009), see also Magyar Nemzeti Gárda
* Force and Determination[20] (2017–present)
* Sixty-Four Counties Youth Movement[21] (2001–present)
* Pax Hungarica Movement[22][23] (2008–2017)
* Hungarian National Defence Association or "Véderő"[24] (2007–2011)
* Hungarian National Front[25][26] (1989–2016)
* Civil Guard Association for a Better Future[27] (2011–2014)[28]
* Magyar Önvédelmi Mozgalom[28] (2014–present)
* Magyar Nemzeti Gárda[29] (2010–present)
* Betyársereg[30]
* Legio Hungaria[31]

## See also

[edit]

* Doctrine of the Holy Crown
* Hungarian irredentism
* Hungarian Revolution of 1848
* Hungarian Turanism
* Magyarization
* National symbols of Hungary
* National conservatism
* Right-wing populism
* Trianon Syndrome
* Magyar Sziget

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Almási, Gábor; Šubarić, Lav (2022). "The new discourses of nation: The origins of nationalism in late eighteenth-century Hungary (Part 1)". Nations and Nationalism. 28 (3): 894–908\. doi:10.1111/nana.12827. ISSN 1354-5078. S2CID 248717936.
2. ^ a b Almási, Gábor; Šubarić, Lav (2022). "The new discourses of nation: The origins of nationalism in late eighteenth-century Hungary (Part 2)". Nations and Nationalism. 28 (4): 1326–1339\. doi:10.1111/nana.12826. ISSN 1354-5078. S2CID 248709263.
3. ^ Hoolihan, Mark James (2007). Mark James Hoolihan, p. 17, 2007. Michigan State University. Department of History. ISBN 9780549238607.
4. ^ Colquhoun, A. R., & Colquhoun, E. M. C. (1914). The whirlpool of Europe, Austria-Hungary and the Habsburgs. New York: Dodd, Mead.
5. ^ a b c "A Country Study: Hungary – Hungary under the Habsburgs". Federal Research Division. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 28 April 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2009.
6. ^ Ilikova, Lilia; Tushev, Andrey (2020). "Right-Wing Populism in Central Europe: Hungarian Case (Fidesz, Jobbik)". redalyc.org. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
7. ^ Palonen, Emilia (25 July 2018). "Performing the nation: the Janus-faced populist foundations of illiberalism in Hungary". Journal of Contemporary European Studies. 26 (3): 308–321\. doi:10.1080/14782804.2018.1498776.
8. ^ "Europe and right-wing nationalism: A country-by-country guide". BBC News. 2016-04-27. Retrieved 2023-09-06.
9. ^ "ECHR upholds ban on Hungarian far-right group". Euronews.com. euronews. 9 July 2013.
10. ^ Haines, John R. (10 July 2018). "/A New Political Movement Emerges on Hungary's Far Right". Fpri.org. FPRI.
11. ^ Vida, István (2011). "Kelet Népe Párt, Kereszténydemokraták (KNP–KD)". Magyarországi politikai pártok lexikona (1846–2010) [Encyclopedia of the Political Parties in Hungary (1846–2010)] (in Hungarian). Gondolat Kiadó. pp. 365–366\. ISBN 978-963-693-276-3.
12. ^ Vida, István (2011). "A Magyar Érdek Pártja (AMÉP)". Magyarországi politikai pártok lexikona (1846–2010) [Encyclopedia of the Political Parties in Hungary (1846–2010)] (in Hungarian). Gondolat Kiadó. p. 334\. ISBN 978-963-693-276-3.
13. ^ The Hungarian Patient: Social Opposition to an Illiberal Democracy Hardcover – July 2, 2015 by Peter Krasztev (Author, Editor), Jon Van Til (Editor), p. 134. [1]
14. ^ "Kuruc.info - Megszűnt a MIÉP, felszámolási eljárásban az FKGP - vezetőik a Mi Hazánk jelöltjei lettek".
15. ^ Sipos, Péter (1979). "Nyilasmozgalmak,1931–1944". História. 1 (04): 44.
16. ^ "Hungarian nationalism" (PDF). Oszk.hu. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
17. ^ "Hungarian Nazis (Arrowcross Party)". Terrorhaza.hu.
18. ^ a b Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p911 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
19. ^ Paksy Zoltán - A nemzetiszocialista mozgalmak megszerveződése, párt- és regionális struktúrája Magyarországon az 1930-as években, Múltunk 2003/3 p. 202-237.- (Zoltán Paksy - The organization, party and regional structure of the national socialist movements in Hungary in the 1930s) [2]
20. ^ "Hungarian far right launches new political party". The Guardian. 8 July 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
21. ^ "Hungarian far-right figure attacked in Serbia". politics.hu. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
22. ^ "Elfogytak a tagok: megszűnik a Pax Hungarica Mozgalom" (in Hungarian). Mandiner. 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-08-09.
23. ^ Mareš, Miroslav; Laryš, Martin; Holzer, Jan (October 25, 2018). Militant Right-Wing Extremism in Putin's Russia: Legacies, Forms and Threats. Routledge. ISBN 9780429953620 - via Google Books.
24. ^ "Jobbik deputy chairman slams Véderő head; party seen favoring crackdown on controversial civil guard group". politics.hu. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
25. ^ Szemán, László János (8 December 2017). "Felszámolták a szélsőséges hungarista szervezetet". Magyar Idők (in Hungarian). Retrieved 16 January 2017.
26. ^ Kovács, Zsóka (12 March 2018). "Prosecutor's office presses charges against Hungarian National Front". dailynewshungary.com. Dailynews Hungary.
27. ^ "Hungarian Government Urged To Protect Roma From Harassment and Intimidation". Human Rights First. 2011-03-18. Archived from the original on 2011-04-08. Retrieved 2011-03-28.
28. ^ a b "Más néven alakult újjá a feloszlatott Szebb Jövőért". hvg.hu (in Hungarian). 2014-10-18. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
29. ^ 4News
30. ^ 4News
31. ^ rcc.int

## Further reading

[edit]

* Maxwell, Alexander (2005). "Multiple Nationalism: National Concepts in Nineteenth-Century Hungary and Benedict Anderson's "Imagined Communities". Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Volume 11, Issue 3. 11 (3): 385–414\. doi:10.1080/13537110500255619. S2CID 144921927.

## External links

[edit]

* Nationalism in Hungary, 1848-1867, Steven W. Sowards, Michigan State University

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish.  (March 2017) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

* View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.
* Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
* Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,127 articles in the main category, and specifying`|topic=` will aid in categorization.
* Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
* You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is `Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Nacionalismo húngaro]]; see its history for attribution.`
* You may also add the template `{{Translated|es|Nacionalismo húngaro}}` to the talk page.
* For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

|

* v
* t
* e

Far-right nationalism and fascism in Hungary until 1945

Political parties and groups|

* Arrow Cross Party
* Christian National Socialist Front
* Hungarian National Defence Association
* Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party
* Hungarian National Socialist Party
* National Front
* National Socialist Hungarian Workers' Party
* Rongyos Gárda
* United Hungarian National Socialist Party

People|

* Gábor Andreánszky
* István Antal
* Endre Bajcsy-Zsilinszky
* László Baky
* István Balogh
* László Bárdossy
* Károly Beregfy
* Zoltán Böszörmény
* László Budinszky
* László Csatáry
* László Endre
* Ákos Farkas
* Sándor Festetics
* Imre Finta
* József Gera
* Gyula Gömbös
* Iván Héjjas
* Árpád Henney
* Miklós Horthy
* Béla Imrédy
* Győző Istóczy
* Andor Jaross
* Béla Jurcsek
* Gábor Kemény
* András Kun
* Lajos Méhelÿ
* Zoltán Meskó
* József Nyírő
* Fidél Pálffy
* Ottokár Prohászka
* Pál Prónay
* Ferenc Rajniss
* Jenő Rátz
* Lajos Reményi-Schneller
* Dezső Szabó
* Ferenc Szálasi
* Jenő Szemák
* Döme Sztójay
* András Tasnádi Nagy
* Gábor Vajna
* Charles Zentai

Related articles|

* Arrow Cross
* Budapest ghetto
* Government of National Unity
* Greater Hungary
* Gyorshadtest
* Kolozsvár ghetto
* Labour service
* Levente Associations
* Szeged Idea
* Treaty of Trianon
* Turanism
* First Vienna Award
* Second Vienna Award

* v
* t
* e

National revivals during the 19th century

* Albanian
* Arab
* Armenian
* Aromanian
* Asturian
* Basque
* Belarusian
* Bengali
* Bosniak
* Bulgarian
* Catalan
* Croatian
* Czech
* Estonian
* Finnish
* Flemish
* Galician
* Georgian
* German
* Greek
* Hungarian
* Icelandic
* Italian
* Irish
* Japanese
* Jewish
* Latvian
* Lithuanian
* Luxembourgish
* Macedonian
* Norwegian
* Occitan
* Philippine
* Polish
* Romanian
* Rusyn
* Serbian
* Slovak
* Slovene
* Sorbian
* Ukrainian

* v
* t
* e

Ethnic nationalism

Nationalisms
in|

| Africa|

| North|

* Arab
* Berber
* Coptic
* Egyptian
* Pharaonism
* Kabyle
* Sahrawi

|

East|

* Acholi
* Amhara
* Hutu
* Oromo
* Somali
* Tigrayan

Nigeria & West|

* Igbo
* Ogoni
* Ewe

Southern|

* Afrikaner

Americas|

| North|

* American
* Chicano
* Greenlandic
* Indigenous Canadian
* Lakota
* Québécois
* Sequoyahan

|

Caribbean|

* Haitian
* Puerto Rican

South|

* Criollo
* Mapuche
* Peruvian

Asia|

| Middle East|

* Arab
* Assyrian
* Iranian
* Iraqi
* Jewish
* Diaspora
* Zionism
* Jordanian
* Kurdish
* Lebanese
* Palestinian
* Syrian
* Turkish
* in Cyprus
* Zaza

|

Eastern|

* Ainu
* Cantonese
* Chinese
* Han
* chauvinist
* Hongkonger
* Japanese
* Korean
* Manchu
* Okinawan
* Ryukyu
* Taiwanese
* Tibetan

South|

* Assamese
* Bengali
* in Bangladesh
* Bodo
* Dravidian
* Hazara
* Meitei
* Naga
* Punjabi
* Sindhi
* Sinhalese
* Sylheti
* Tamil
* in Sri Lanka
* Tripuri

Southeast|

* Filipino
* Khmer
* Malay
* Mon
* Shan
* Thai
* Vietnamese

North
& Central|

* Baloch
* Buryat
* Mongolian
* South Mongolia
* Pan-Turkism
* Pashtun
* Siberian
* Uyghur
* Yakut

South Caucasus|

* Armenian
* Azerbaijani
* Georgian
* Laz

Europe|

| Southeastern|

* Albanian
* in Albania
* in Kosovo
* in North Macedonia
* Aromanian
* Bosniak
* Croatian
* Greek
* in Cyprus
* Macedonian
* Moldovan
* Montenegrin
* Romani (Gypsy)
* Romanian
* Serbian

|

Central|

* Austrian
* Bavarian
* Czech
* Frisian
* German
* in Austria
* Völkisch
* Hungarian
* Polish
* Silesian
* Slovak
* Slovenian

Eastern|

* Belarusian
* Crimean
* Russian
* Ukrainian
* Yiddish

North Caucasus|

* Balkar and Karachay
* Circassian
* Ingush
* Lezgin
* Ossetian

Volga Region|

* Bashkir
* Chuvash
* Tatar

Western|

* Breton
* Dutch
* Flemish
* French
* Irish
* Occitan
* Walloon

United Kingdom|

* British
* Cornish
* English
* Scottish
* Ulster
* Welsh

Southern|

* Arpitan
* Basque
* Corsican

Italy|

* Italian
* Lombard
* Padanian
* Sardinian
* Sicilian
* Venetian

Spain|

* Spanish
* Andalusian
* Aragonese
* Asturian
* Basque
* Canarian
* Castilian
* Catalan
* Galician
* Navarrese
* Valencian

Northern|

* Danish
* Estonian
* Faroese
* Finnish
* Icelandic
* Latvian
* Lithuanian
* Norwegian

Oceania|

* Australian
* Hawaiian
* Indigenous Australian
* Māori

Pan-nationalism|

* African
* Arab
* Asian
* Bangladeshi
* Caucasian
* Celtic
* Chinese
* Congolese
* Czechoslovak
* European
* Finnic
* Germanic
* Hispanic
* Hui
* Iberian
* Indian
* Iranian
* Iraqi
* Korean
* Latin
* Libyan
* Mongolian
* Native American
* Nigerian
* Nordic
* Oceanian
* Pakistani
* Russian
* Scandinavian
* Slavic
* South Slavic
* Tunisian
* Turanian
* Turkic
* Ugandan

Movements|

| Americas
& Oceania|

* Greenland
* Hawaii
* Māori
* Mapuche
* Wallmapuwen

|

Asia|

* Assam
* Assyrian
* Champa
* East Turkestan
* Aceh
* Papua
* Guangdong
* Inner Mongolian
* Muslim (Philippines)
* Patani
* Ryukyu
* Siberian
* Taiwan
* Tibetan

Europe|

* Alsace
* Catalan
* Faroese
* Flemish
* Åland
* Galician (Spain)
* Kashubian
* Corsican
* Scottish
* Silesian
* Székely
* Vojvodina
* Walloon
* Welsh

Projects|

* Arakan
* Assyria
* Azawad
* Balawaristan
* Balochistan
* Bangsamoro
* Basque Country (greater region)
* Catalan Countries
* Chameria
* Champa
* Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
* Circassia
* Crimea
* Hatay State
* Hazarajat
* Danzig
* Donetsk
* East Turkestan
* Herzeg-Bosnia
* Hutu Power
* Ilirida
* Karakalpakstan
* Karelia
* Katarism
* Ketuanan Melayu
* Kurdistan
* Lezgistan
* Luhansk
* Manchukuo
* Marathi Abhimaangeet
* Northern Epirus
* Occitania
* Ossetia
* Pashtunistan
* Republika Srpska
* Santa Cruz
* Sápmi
* Saraikistan
* Silesia
* Sindhudesh
* Székely Land
* Tamil Eelam
* Tibet
* Timor Raya

Other|

* Local (China)
* Racial
* American Indigenous
* Black
* German
* Indigenous
* White

* Note: Forms of nationalism based primarily on ethnic groups are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of ethnic nationalism.

Authority control databases

National|

* United States
* Israel

Other|

* Yale LUX

This Hungary-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template