Huon languages

Language family spoken in Papua New Guinea

Huon

Geographic
distribution| Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classification| Trans–New Guinea

* Finisterre–Huon
* Huon

Subdivisions|

* Eastern
* Western

Language codes
Glottolog| `huon1246`

The Huon languages are a language family, spoken on the Huon Peninsula of Papua New Guinea, that was classified within the original Trans-New Guinea (TNG) proposal, and William A. Foley considers their TNG identity to be established. They share with the Finisterre languages a small closed class of verbs taking pronominal object prefixes some of which are cognate across both families (Suter 2012), strong morphological evidence that they are related.

## Internal structure

[edit]

Huon and Finisterre, and the connection between them, were identified by Kenneth McElhanon (1967, 1970). They are clearly valid language families. Huon contains two clear branches, Eastern and Western. The Western languages allow more consonants in syllable-final position (p, t, k, m, n, ŋ), while the Eastern languages have neutralized those distinctions to two, the glottal stop (written c) and the velar nasal (McElhanon 1974: 17). Beyond that, classification is based on lexicostatistics, which provides less precise classification results.

* Huon family
* Eastern Huon branch
* Huon Tip
* Southeast Huon: Kâte, Mape
* Sene
* Masaweng River: Migabac, Momare
* Kovai
* Tobo-Kube
* Dedua
* Western Huon branch
* Burum (Mindik), Borong (Kosorong)
* Kinalakna, Kumokio
* Mese, Nabak
* Komba, Selepet–Timbe
* Nomu
* Ono
* Sialum

Kâte is the local lingua franca.

## References

[edit]

*   * Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
* McElhanon, K. A. (1970). Lexicostatistics and the classification of Huon Peninsula languages. Oceania 40: 215-231.
* McElhanon, K. A. (1974). The glottal stop in Kâte. Kivung 7: 16-22.
* Suter, Edgar (2012). Verbs with pronominal object prefixes in Finisterre-Huon languages. In: Harald Hammarström and Wilco van den Heuvel (eds.). History, contact and classification of Papuan languages. [Special Issue 2012 of Language and Linguistics in Melanesia]. 23-58. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea.

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* t
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Finisterre–Huon languages

Finisterre|

| Erap|

* Finongan
* Gusan
* Mamaa
* Munkip
* Nakama
* Nek
* Nimi
* Nuk
* Numanggang
* Sauk
* Uri

|

Gusap–Mot|

* Iyo
* Madi
* Neko
* Nekgini
* Ngaing
* Rawa
* Ufim

Uruwa|

* Sakam
* Som
* Nukna
* Yau
* Weliki

Wantoat|

* Awara
* Wantoat
* Tuma-Irumu

Warup|

* Asaro'o
* Bulgebi
* Degenan
* Forak
* Guya
* Gwahatike
* Muratayak

Yupna|

* Bonkiman
* Domung
* Ma
* Nankina
* Yopno
* Yout Wam

Huon|

| Eastern|

* Dedua
* Kâte
* Kovai
* Kube
* Mape
* Migabac
* Momare
* Sene
* Tobo

|

Western|

* Burum
* Borong
* Kinalakna
* Komba
* Kumokio
* Mese
* Nabak
* Nomu
* Ono
* Selepet
* Sialum
* Timbe

* v
* t
* e

Trans–New Guinea languages

West Trans–New Guinea languages

| Dani|

* Grand Valley Dani
* Hupla
* Nduga
* Nggem
* Silimo
* Walak
* Wano
* Western Dani
* Yali

|

Paniai Lakes|

* Auye
* Dao
* Ekari
* Moni
* Wolani

West Bomberai|

* Baham
* Iha
* Karas

Timor–Alor–Pantar|

| East Timor|

* Fataluku
* Makalero
* Makasae
* Oirata
* Rusenu

|

Alor–Pantar|

* Abui
* Adang
* Blagar
* Kafoa
* Kamang
* Klon
* Kui
* Kula
* Retta
* Sawila
* Wersing
* Kaera
* Nedebang
* Teiwa
* Western Pantar

Others|

* Bunak

Central and South New Guinea languages

| Asmat–Kamoro|

| Asmat|

* Asmat
* Citak

|

Sabakor|

* Buruwai
* Kamberau

Others|

* Kamoro
* Sempan

Greater Awyu|

| Awyu–Dumut|

* Aghu
* Mandobo
* Kombai–Wanggom
* Pisa
* Sawi
* Shiaxa
* Wambon

|

Becking–Dawi|

* Komyandaret
* Korowai
* Tsaukambo

Ok–Oksapmin|

| Western|

* Burumakok
* Kopkaka

|

Lowland|

* Iwur
* Muyu
* Ninggerum
* Yonggom

Mountain|

* Bimin
* Faiwol
* Mian
* Setaman
* Suganga
* Tifal
* Telefol
* Urapmin

Others|

* Nakai
* Ngalum
* Oksapmin
* Tangko

Bayono–Awbono|

* Bayono
* Awbono
* Densar
* Kovojab

Komolom|

* Koneraw
* Mombum

Somahai|

* Momina
* Momuna

Kutubuan languages

| East Kutubuan|

* Foe
* Fiwaga

|

West Kutubuan|

* Fasu
* Some
* Namumi

Chimbu–Wahgi languages

| Jimi|

* Kandawo
* Maring
* Narak

|

Wahgi|

* Nii
* Wahgi

Chimbu|

* Chuave
* Dom
* Golin
* Kuman
* Nomane
* Salt-Yui
* Sinasina

Hagen|

* Kaguel
* Melpa
* Tembagla

Kainantu–Goroka languages

| Goroka|

| Gahuku|

* Alekano
* Dano
* Tokano

|

Kamono–Yagaria|

* Abaga
* Inoke-Yate
* Kamono
* Kanite
* Ke’yagana
* Yagaria

Others|

* Benabena
* Fore
* Gende
* Gimi
* Isabi
* Siane
* Yaweyuha

Kainantu|

| Tairora|

* Binumarien
* Kambaira
* Tairoa
* Waffa

|

Gauwa|

* Agarabi
* Awa
* Awiyaana
* Gadsup
* Kosena
* Ontenu
* Oweina
* Usarufa

Other|

* Kenati

Madang languages

| Croisilles
(Adelbert Range)|

| Dimir-Malas|

* Dimir
* Malas

|

Kaukombar|

* Mala
* Maiani
* Maia

Kowan|

* Korak
* Waskia

Kumil|

* Bepour
* Mauwake
* Moere

Numugen|

* Bilakura
* Parawen
* Ukuriguma
* Usan
* Yaben
* Yarawata

Omosan|

* Kobol
* Pal

Tiboran|

* Kowaki
* Mawak
* Pamosu

other|

* Brem
* Musar
* Wanambre

Kalam|

* Kalam
* Kobon
* Tai

Mabuso|

| Kokan|

* Girawa
* Kein

|

Gum|

* Amele
* Bau
* Gumalu
* Isebe
* Panim
* Sihan

Hanseman|

* Bagupi
* Baimak
* Gal
* Garus
* Kare
* Matepi
* Mawan
* Mosimo
* Murupi
* Nake
* Nobonob
* Rempi
* Rapting
* Samosa
* Saruga
* Silopi
* Utu
* Wagi
* Wamas
* Yoidik

other|

* Munit

Mindjim|

* Anjam
* Bongu
* Male
* Sam

Rai Coast
(South Madang)|

| Awung|

* Jilim
* Rerau
* Yangulam

|

Brahman|

* Biyom
* Tauya

Evapia|

* Kesawai
* Sinsauru
* Sausi

Peka|

* Danaru
* Sop
* Sumau
* Urigina

Nuru|

* Duduela
* Kwato
* Ogea
* Uya

Kabenau|

* Arawum
* Dumpu
* Kolom
* Lemio
* Siroi

other|

* Pulabu

Southern Adelbert|

| Tomul (Josephstaal)|

* Anam
* Anamgura
* Moresada
* Osum
* Wadaginam

|

Sogeram (Wanang)|

* Apali
* Atemble
* Faita
* Magɨyi
* Musak
* Nend
* Mum
* Paynamar
* Sileibi

Yaganon|

* Dumun
* Ganglau
* Saep
* Yabong

(unclear)|

* Amaimon
* Bargam
* Gants
* Wasembo
* Yamben

Finisterre–Huon languages

| Finisterre|

| Erap|

* Finongan
* Gusan
* Mamaa
* Munkip
* Nakama
* Nek
* Nimi
* Nuk
* Numanggang
* Sauk
* Uri

|

Gusap–Mot|

* Iyo
* Madi
* Neko
* Nekgini
* Ngaing
* Rawa
* Ufim

Uruwa|

* Sakam
* Som
* Nukna
* Yau
* Weliki

Wantoat|

* Awara
* Wantoat
* Tuma-Irumu

Warup|

* Asaro'o
* Bulgebi
* Degenan
* Forak
* Guya
* Gwahatike
* Muratayak

Yupna|

* Bonkiman
* Domung
* Ma
* Nankina
* Yopno
* Yout Wam

Huon|

| Eastern|

* Dedua
* Kâte
* Kovai
* Kube
* Mape
* Migabac
* Momare
* Sene
* Tobo

|

Western|

* Burum
* Borong
* Kinalakna
* Komba
* Kumokio
* Mese
* Nabak
* Nomu
* Ono
* Selepet
* Sialum
* Timbe

Southeast Papuan languages

| Koiarian|

* Grass Koiari
* Mountain Koiari
* Koitabu
* Barai
* Namiae
* Ese
* Ömie

|

Kwalean|

* Humene
* Uare
* Mulaha

Manubaran|

* Doromu
* Maria

Yareban|

* Moikodi
* Aneme Wake
* Bariji
* Nawaru
* Yareba

Mailuan|

* Bauwaki
* Domu
* Binahari
* Morawa
* Mailu
* Laua

Dagan|

* Daga
* Mapena
* Maiwa
* Dima
* Ginuman
* Kanasi
* Onjob
* Umanakaina
* Turaka

Anim languages

| Tirio (Lower Fly)|

* Baramu
* Bitur
* Makayam
* Were

|

Boazi (Lake Murray)|

* Boazi
* Zimakani

Marind–Yaqai|

* Bipim
* Marind
* Yaqay

Inland Gulf|

* Ipiko
* Foia Foia
* Hoia Hoia
* Mubami

Other families

| Angan|

* Akoye
* Angaataha
* Ankave
* Hamtai
* Kamasa
* Kawacha
* Menya
* Safeyoka
* Simbari
* Susuami
* Tainae
* Yagwoia
* Yipma

|

Awin–Pa|

* Awin
* Pa

Binanderean|

* Baruga
* Binandere
* Ewage
* Korafe
* Orokaiva
* Suena
* Yekora
* Zia

Bosavi|

* Aimele
* Beami
* Edolo
* Kaluli
* Kasua
* Onobasulu
* Sonia

Duna–Pogaya|

* Duna
* Pogaya

East Strickland|

* Fembe
* Gobasi
* Konai
* Kubo
* Odoodee
* Samo

Engan|

* Angal
* Bisorio
* Enga
* Huli
* Ipili
* Kewa
* Kyaka
* Lembena
* Samberigi

Gogodala–Suki|

* Suki
* Gogodala
* Ari
* Waruna

Goilalan|

* Fuyug
* Tauade
* Biangai
* Kunimaipa
* Weri

Kayagaric|

* Atohwaim (Kaugat)
* Yogo (Tamagario)
* Kayagar (Kaygir)
* Tamagario

Kiwaian|

* Bami
* Kerewo
* Kiwai
* Morigi
* Waboda

Kolopom|

* Kimaama (Kimaghama)
* Riantana
* Ndom

Turama–Kikorian|

* Ikobi
* Omati
* Rumu

isolates|

* Moraori
* Wiru

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