Hussein Kamel of Egypt

Sultan of Egypt and the Sudan (1853–1917)

Hussein Kamel

Portrait by Charles Chusseau-Flaviens

Sultan of Egypt and the Sudan
Reign| 19 December 1914 – 9 October 1917
Predecessor| Abbas Helmy II (as Khedive of Egypt)
Successor| Fuad I
Prime Minister| Hussein Roshdy Pasha

Born| (1853-11-21)21 November 1853
Cairo, Egypt Eyalet, Ottoman Empire
Died| 9 October 1917(1917-10-09) (aged 63)
Cairo, Sultanate of Egypt
Burial|

Al-Rifa'i Mosque, Cairo, Egypt

Spouse|

Ayn al-Hayat Ahmad

(m. 1873, divorced)​

Melek Tourhan

(m. 1887)​

Issue| Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein
Princess Kazima Hussein
Princess Kamila Hussein
Prince Ahmed Kazim Hussein
Princess Kadria Hussein
Princess Samiha Hussein
Princess Badia Hussein
House| Alawiyya
Father| Isma'il I
Mother| Nur Felek Qadin

Sultan Hussein Kamel (Egyptian Arabic: السلطان حسين كامل; 21 November 1853 - 9 October 1917) was the Sultan of Egypt from 19 December 1914 to 9 October 1917, during the British protectorate over Egypt. He was the first person to hold the title of Sultan of Egypt since the killing of Sultan Tuman II by the Ottomans in 1517 following their conquest of Egypt.

## Life[edit]

Hussein Kamel was the second son of Khedive Ismail Pasha, who ruled Egypt from 1863 to 1879. He was declared Sultan of Egypt on 19 December 1914, after the occupying British forces had deposed his nephew, Khedive Abbas Hilmi II, on 5 November 1914. Though presented as the re-establishment of the pre-Ottoman Egyptian sultanate, the newly created Sultanate of Egypt was to be a British protectorate, with effective political and military power vested in British officials. This brought to an end the de jure Ottoman sovereignty over Egypt, which had been largely nominal since Muhammad Ali's seizure of power in 1805.

Tomb of Sultan Hussein Kamel at the Al-Rifa'i Mosque in Cairo

Upon Hussein Kamel's death, his only son, Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein, declined the succession, and Hussein Kamel's brother Ahmed Fuad ascended the throne as Fuad I. At the beginning of Naguib Mahfouz's novel Palace Walk, Ahmad Abd al-Jawwad says "What a fine man Prince Kamal al-Din Husayn is! Do you know what he did? He refused to ascend the throne of his late father so long as the British are in charge."[1]

Stereoscope photographs of the coronation procession and burial procession of Sultan Hussein are available on the Rare Books and Special Collections Digital Library of the American University in Cairo.

## Honours[edit]

Silver coin: 20 qirsh of Sultanate of Egypt minted during the reign of Hussein Kamel - 1916 struck at Bombay Mint

Domestic[citation needed]

* Founder and Sovereign of the Order of Muhammad Ali
* Founder and Sovereign of the Order of Ismail
* Founder and Sovereign of the Order of the Nile
* Founder and Sovereign of the Order of the Virtues

Foreign[citation needed]

* Ottoman Empire: Order of Osmanieh, 1st Class
* Ottoman Empire: Order of the Medjidie, 1st Class
* Austria-Hungary: Grand Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph, 1869[2]
* Sweden: Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword, 1891[3]
* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: Honorary Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (civil division), 19 December 1914[4]
* French Third Republic: Grand Cross of the Legion d'Honneur, 1916
* Kingdom of Italy: Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, 1916
* Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer, 1916
* Kingdom of Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown, 1916
* Belgium: Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II, 1917

## References[edit]

1. ^ Naguib Mahfouz, Palace Walk (Anchor Books, 1991), p. 12
2. ^ "Ritter-Orden: Kaiserlich-österreichischer Franz Joseph-orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1913, p. 174, retrieved 9 February 2021
3. ^ "Kungl. Svenska Riddareordnarna", Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1915, p. 674, retrieved 10 February 2021 - via runeberg.org
4. ^ "No. 29021". The London Gazette. 29 December 1914. p. 11132.

## External links[edit]

* Media related to Hussein Kamel of Egypt at Wikimedia Commons
* Stereoscopes of Hussein Kamel's coronation and burial processions

Hussein Kamel of Egypt

Muhammad Ali Dynasty

Born: 21 November 1853 Died: 9 October 1917

Regnal titles
Preceded by

Abbas Hilmi II

as Khedive of Egypt and Sudan |  Sultan of Egypt and the Sudan
19 December 1914 – 9 October 1917  | Succeeded by

Fuad I

Recreated

Title last held by

Tuman Bay II
Political offices
Preceded by

Ali Mubarak Pasha

|  Minister of Public Works
26 August 1872 – 7 September 1875  | Succeeded by

Ibrahim Yakan Pasha

Preceded by

Abdel Hamid Sadeq Pasha

|  Speaker of the Legislative Council
30 January 1909 – 3 March 1910  | Succeeded by

Mahmoud Fahmi Pasha

Preceded by

Mehmed V

as Ottoman Suzerain |  Head of state of Egypt
19 December 1914 – 9 October 1917  | Succeeded by

Fuad I

* v
* t
* e

Muhammad Ali dynasty (1805–1953)

Family tree

Monarchs|

* Muhammad Ali
* Ibrahim
* Abbas Hilmi I
* Sa'id
* Isma'il
* Tewfik
* Abbas Hilmi II
* Hussein Kamel
* Ahmed Fuad I
* Farouk
* Ahmed Fuad II

Consorts|

* Amina Hanem
* Ayn al-Hayat Qadin
* Hoshiyar Qadin
* Mahivech Hanim
* Inji Hanim
* Melekber Hanim
* Jananiyar Hanim
* Jeshm Afet Hanim
* Shehret Feza Hanim
* Shafaq Nur Hanim
* Nur Felek Qadin
* Jamal Nur Qadin
* Neshedil Qadin
* Ferial Qadin
* Emina Ilhamy
* Ikbal Hanim
* Javidan Hanim
* Melek Tourhan
* Nazli Sabri
* Farida
* Narriman Sadek

Heirs|

* Ibrahim
* Abbas
* Sa'id
* Ahmad Rifaat
* Isma'il
* Mustafa Fazl
* Tewfik
* Abbas Hilmi
* Muhammad Ali Tewfik
* Muhammad Abdel Moneim
* Farouk
* Muhammad Ali Tewfik
* Ahmad Fuad

Princes|

* Muhammad Sharif Pasha al-Kabir
* Ali Pasha Sherif
* Khalil Sherif Pasha
* Ismail Chirine
* Ismail Kamel Pasha
* Ibrahim Ilhami Pasha
* Omar Toussoun
* Tusun Pasha
* Youssef Kamal
* Said Halim Pasha
* Kamal el Dine Hussein
* Abbas Halim
* Muhammad Ali Hassan
* Hassan Aziz Hassan
* Abbas Hilmi
* Muhammad Ali

Princesses|

* Kadria Hussein
* Shivakiar Ibrahim
* Tawhida Hanim
* Fazile Hanımsultan
* Tevhide Ilhamy
* Zeynab Ilhamy
* Nazli Fazil
* Fawzia (daughter of Fuad I)
* Faika
* Fathia
* Fawzia (daughter of Farouk)
* Faiza
* Farial
* Fadia
* Fawzia-Latifa

* Category
* Commons

Authority control databases

International|

* FAST
* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* Israel
* United States

Other|

* IdRef
* İslâm Ansiklopedisi

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