Hybris (mythology)

Personification of outrage in Greek mythology

This article is about personification of insolence. For other uses, see Hubris.

Votive relief of Nemesis as protector of gladiators treading on Hubris, 2nd-century AD, Archaeological Museum of Patras, in Greece

In Greek mythology, Hybris or Hubris (/ˈhaɪbrɪs/; Ancient Greek: Ὕβρις, romanized: Húbris, lit. 'wanton violence', 'insolence')[1] was the spirit and personification of insolence. She embodied the manifestation of excessive arrogance leading to the defiance of the natural order and disrespect of the gods, which in turn resulted in divine retribution.[2][3]

## Mythology

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Greek deities
series

* Primordial deities
* Titans and Olympians
* Water deities
* Chthonic deities

Personifications

List

*     * Achlys
* Adephagia
* Adikia
* Agon
* Aidos
* Alala
* Alastor
* Algos
* Alke
* Amechania
* Amphillogiai
* Anaideia
* Ananke
* Androktasiai
* Angelia
* Apate
* Arae
* Arete
* Atë
* Bia
* Caerus
* Charites
* Deimos
* Dike
* Dyssebeia
* Dysnomia
* Eirene
* Ekecheiria
* Eleos
* Elpis
* Epiales
* Epidotes
* Epiphron
* Eris
* Eros
* Eunomia
* Eupraxia
* Gelos
* Geras
* Harmonia
* Hebe
* Hedone
* Hedylogos
* Homados
* Homonoia
* Horae
* Horkos
* Horme
* Hybris
* Hygeia
* Hypnos
* Hysminai
* Ioke
* Kakia
* Keres
* Koalemos
* Koros
* Kratos
* Kydoimos
* Lampetia
* Lethe
* Limos
* Litae
* Lyssa
* Machai
* Maniae
* Methe
* Metis
* Mnemosyne
* Moirai
* Momus
* Moros
* Neikea
* Nemesis
* Nike
* Nomos
* Oizys
* Olethros
* Oneiroi
* Palioxis
* Peitharchia
* Phaethusa
* Peitho
* Penia
* Penthus
* Pheme
* Philotes
* Phobos
* Phonoi
* Phthonus
* Pistis
* Plutus
* Polemos
* Ponos
* Porus
* Praxidice
* Proioxis
* Prophasis
* Ptocheia
* Soteria
* Telete
* Thanatos
* Themis
* Thrasos
* Tyche
* Zelus

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Aeschylus says that Dyssebeia is the mother of Hybris.[4] According to the mythographer Apollodorus, the god Apollo "learned the art of prophecy from Pan, the son of Zeus and Hybris (Ὕβρεως)".[5] Whether this Pan equates to Pan, the god of shepherds and flocks, who was usually said to be the son of Hermes, remains unclear.[6]

## Notes

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1. ^ LSJ s.v. ὕβρις.
2. ^ Bould, Andrew J. (2024). "Hybris". The A-to-Z Greek Mythology Dictionary: The Ultimate Guide to Gods, Heroes, Legendary Creatures and Myths. Square & Compass Publishing. Retrieved 30 July 2024. "Hybris (Ὕβρις), spirit of outrageous behavior (Personified concept) [...] Hybris was the personification of arrogance, insolence, and reckless behavior in ancient Greek mythology. As a personified concept, she embodied the extreme manifestation of pride and disrespect towards others, often leading to acts of violence, disrespecting gods or mortals alike. Hybris represented a defiance of natural order and moral boundaries, resulting in divine retribution and punishment. In Greek tragedies, characters exhibiting hybris were often portrayed as tragic figures whose downfall was inevitable due to their hubris. The concept of hybris served as a moral warning against excessive pride and the consequences of disregarding societal norms and divine authority."
3. ^ Corngold, Stanley (3 November 2020) [2019]. "The Philosophy of Tragedy". Walter Kaufmann: Philosopher, Humanist, Heretic. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 291\. ISBN 9780691211534. Retrieved 30 July 2024. "'[...] the meaning of hybris has almost nothing to do with pride. ... The Greek verb hybrizein, found in Homer, means to wax wanton or run riot. ... The noun, hybris, means wanton violence and insolence. [...]'"
4. ^ [[Aeschylus, Eumenides 532–534]] [1]
5. ^ Apollodorus 1.4.1.
6. ^ See Frazer's note 3 to Apollodorus 1.4.1; compare with Apollodorus E.7.38.

## References

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* Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
* Parada, Carlos, Genealogical Guide to Greek Mythology, Jonsered, Paul Åströms Förlag, 1993. ISBN 978-91-7081-062-6.
* Pindar, Odes, Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
* Aeschylus, Eumenides 532–534 [2]

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Ancient Greek deities

Primal
elements|

* Aether
* Chaos
* Erebus
* Eros
* Gaia
* Hemera
* Nyx
* The Ourea
* Pontus
* Tartarus
* Uranus

Titans|

| Twelve Titans|

* Coeus
* Crius
* Cronus
* Dione
* Hyperion
* Iapetus
* Mnemosyne
* Oceanus
* Phoebe
* Rhea
* Tethys
* Theia
* Themis

|

Descendants of the Titans|

* Asteria
* Astraeus
* Atlas
* Eos
* Epimetheus
* Helios
* Leto
* Menoetius
* Pallas
* Perses
* Prometheus
* Selene

Olympian
deities|

| Twelve Olympians|

* Aphrodite
* Apollo
* Ares
* Artemis
* Athena
* Demeter
* Dionysus
* Hephaestus
* Hera
* Hermes
* Hestia
* Poseidon
* Zeus

|

Olympian Gods|

* Asclepius
* Eileithyia
* Enyo
* Eris
* Iris
* Harmonia
* Hebe
* Heracles
* Paean
* Pan

Muses|

* Daughters of Zeus
* Calliope
* Clio
* Euterpe
* Erato
* Melpomene
* Polyhymnia
* Terpsichore
* Thalia
* Urania
* Daughters of Apollo
* Apollonis
* Borysthenis
* Cephisso
* Boeotian Muses
* Aoide
* Melete
* Mneme
* Muses of the Lyre
* Hypate
* Mese
* Nete
* Muses at Sicyon
* Polymatheia

Charites (Graces)|

* Aglaia
* Euphrosyne
* Hegemone
* Pasithea
* Thalia

Horae (Hours)|

* Dike
* Eirene
* Eunomia

Children of Styx|

* Bia
* Kratos
* Nike
* Zelus

Water
deities|

| Sea deities|

* Amphitrite
* Benthesikyme
* Brizo
* Calliste
* Calypso
* Ceto
* Eurybia
* Glaucus
* Leucothea
* Melicertes
* Nereus
* Nerites
* Oceanus
* Phorcys
* Pontus
* Poseidon
* Proteus
* Rhodos
* Tethys
* Thalassa
* Thaumas
* Thetis
* Triton

|

Oceanids|

* Acaste
* Admete
* Asia
* Callirhoe
* Ceto
* Clymene (consort of Helios)
* Clymene (wife of Iapetus)
* Clytie
* Dione
* Dodone
* Doris
* Electra
* Eurynome
* Idyia
* Melia (consort of Apollo)
* Melia (consort of Inachus)
* Metis
* Perse
* Philyra
* Pleione
* Plouto
* Styx
* Telesto
* Theia
* Zeuxo

Nereids|

* Amatheia
* Amphithoe
* Amphitrite
* Arethusa
* Cymatolege
* Cymo
* Dynamene
* Galatea
* Galene
* Protomedeia
* Psamathe
* Sao
* Spio
* Thalia
* Thetis

River gods|

* Achelous
* Alpheus
* Anapus
* Asopus
* Asterion
* Axius
* Caanthus
* Cebren
* Cephissus
* Enipeus
* Kladeos
* Meander
* Nilus
* Numicus
* Phyllis
* Peneus
* Sangarius
* Scamander
* Selemnus
* Simoeis
* Strymon

Naiads|

* Aegina
* Achiroe
* Aganippe
* The Anigrides
* Argyra
* Bistonis
* Bolbe
* Caliadne
* Cassotis
* Castalia
* Cleocharia
* Creusa
* Daphne
* Drosera
* Harpina
* The Ionides
* Ismenis
* Larunda
* Lilaea
* Liriope
* Melite
* Metope
* Minthe
* Moria
* Nana
* Nicaea
* Orseis
* Pallas
* Pirene
* Salmacis
* Stilbe
* The Thriae
* Corycia
* Cleodora
* Melaina
* Tiasa

Personifications|

| Children of Eris|

* Algos
* Amphillogiai
* The Androktasiai
* Atë
* Dysnomia
* Horkos
* Hysminai
* Lethe
* Logoi
* Limos
* Machai
* Neikea
* Phonoi
* Ponos
* Pseudea

|

Children of Nyx|

* Apate
* Eris
* Geras
* Hesperides
* Hypnos
* The Keres
* The Moirai
* Atropos
* Clotho
* Lachesis
* Momus
* Moros
* Nemesis
* Oizys
* The Oneiroi
* Philotes
* Thanatos

Others|

* Achlys
* Adephagia
* Aergia
* Aidos
* Aion
* Alala
* Alastor
* Aletheia
* Alke
* Amechania
* Anaideia
* Ananke
* Angelia
* Anteros
* Apheleia
* Arete
* The Arae
* Astraea
* Caerus
* Chronos
* Chrysus
* Corus
* Deimos
* Dikaiosyne
* Dyssebeia
* Eiresione
* Ekecheiria
* Eulabeia
* Eupraxia
* Eusebeia
* Ersa
* Eros
* Erotes
* Gelos
* Hedone
* Hedylogos
* Heimarmene
* Hermaphroditus
* Homados
* Homonoia
* Horme
* Hymen
* Iacchus
* Ioke
* Kakia
* Koalemos
* Kydoimos
* The Litae
* Lyssa
* The Maniae
* Methe
* Nomos
* Palioxis
* Peitharchia
* Peitho
* Penia
* Penthus
* Pepromene
* Pheme
* Phobos
* Phrike
* Phthonus
* Poine
* Polemos
* Poros
* Praxidice
* Proioxis
* Prophasis
* Soter
* Soteria
* Thrasos
* Tyche

Other deities|

| Sky|

* The Anemoi
* Boreas
* Eurus
* Notus
* Zephyrus
* Hesperus
* Phosphorus
* Phaethon
* Astrape and Bronte
* Aura
* The Hesperides
* The Hyades
* Nephele
* The Pleiades
* Alcyone
* Sterope
* Celaeno
* Electra
* Maia
* Merope
* Taygete
* Sirius
* Tritopatores

|

Agriculture|

* Aphaia
* Demeter
* Despoina
* Eunostus
* Opora
* Philomelus
* Plutus

Health|

* Asclepius
* Aceso
* Epione
* Iaso
* Hygieia
* Paean
* Panacea
* Telesphorus

Rustic
deities|

* Aetna
* Agdistis
* The Alseids
* Amphictyonis
* Aristaeus
* Attis
* Britomartis
* The Cabeiri
* Comus
* The Dryades
* Erato
* The Hamadryades
* Chrysopeleia
* The Epimelides
* Hecaterus
* Leuce
* The Maenades
* The Meliae
* Hyperborean maidens
* The Oreads
* Echo
* Priapus
* Rhapso
* Silenus
* Telete

Others|

* Aphroditus
* Arke
* Auxesia
* Enodia
* Circe
* Enyalius
* Hecate
* Orthanes
* Palaestra
* Pasiphaë
* Phanes
* Sosipolis

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