Hypothetical species

Postulated extinct species without evidence

A 1722 illustration by Jean-Baptiste Labat of three parrots on Guadeloupe. There are no remains of these parrots and so accurate taxonomic classification is impossible.

Several species have been assumed to exist, but due to a lack of physical evidence they can only be regarded as potential species. Hypothetical species are usually believed to be extinct. They have caused confusion, as they may have been a separate species, a subspecies, an introduced species or a misidentification.[1]

## List of hypothetical species

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This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (June 2022)

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### Birds

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* Albin's Macaw
* Arkansaw siskin, Fringilla spaltria[2]
* Barraband's mystery black-breasted twelve-wired bird-of-paradise
* Bird of Washington, Haliaetus washingtoni[2]
* Blue-browed fig parrot
* Blue Mountain warbler, Sylvia montana[2]
* Blue-thighed lory, Lorius tibialis
* Dominican green-and-yellow macaw, Ara atwoodi
* Carbonated warbler, Sylvia carbonata[2]
* Cuvier's kinglet, Regulus cuvieri[2]
* Geoffroyus aureus
* Guadeloupe amazon, Amazona violacea
* Guadeloupe parakeet, Psittacara labati
* Hypothetical relatives of the Rodrigues parrot
* Jago fowl, Gallus giganteus
* Jamaican red macaw, Ara gossei
* Lesser Antillean macaw, Ara guadeloupensis
* Madeira finch, Goniaphea leucocephala
* Martinique amazon, Amazona martinicana
* Martinique macaw, Ara martinicus
* Meidum geese
* Painted vulture, Sarcoramphus sacra/Sarcoramphus papa ssp.
* Orange-breasted penguin
* Raiatea starling, Aplonis? ulietensis
* Red-headed macaw, Ara erythrocephala
* Roper River scrub robin, Drymodes superciliaris colcloughi
* Réunion stork, Leguatia gigantea[3]
* Réunion swamphen, Porphyrio caerulescens
* Small-headed flycatcher, Muscicapa minuta[2]
* Sushkin's goose, Anser neglectus
* Tahiti crake, Zapornia nigra
* Townsends' dickcissel, Spiza townsendi
* Townsend’s finch, Emberiza townsendi[2]
* Unicolored lory, Eos unicolor
* Unidentified Jamaican parrot
* Zhenniao

### Non-avian dinosaurs

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* Proavis (partim)

### Mammals

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* Andean wolf, Dasycyon hagenbecki
* Chilihueque, Lama araucana
* Chinese elephant, Elephas maximus rubridens
* Giraffa sahara[4]
* Kallana
* Long-necked seal, Phoca mutica
* Shrewdinger[5]
* Sonnerat's shrew, Diplomesodon sonnerati
* Steller's sea ape, Simia marina
* Sumxu
* Unidentified extinct canid populations[6][7]

### Fish

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* Abyssal rainbow gar[8]
* Five-lined constellation fish, Bathysidus pentagrammus[8]
* Giant dragonfish, Bathysphaera intacta[8]
* Pallid sailfin, Bathyembryx istiophasma[8]
* Three-starred anglerfish, Bathyceratias trilynchnus[8]

### Arthropods

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* Acarus crossi
* Battus polydamas antiquus
* Euploea rogeri
* Guam glider, Neptis guamensis[9]
* Papilio antizox[10]

### Other invertebrates

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* Thermozodium esakii
* Porpita prunella
* Salinella salve

### Plants

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* Laysan fan palm, Pritchardia? sp
* Silphium

## See also

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* Chimera (paleontology)
* Cryptozoology
* Species inquirenda

## References

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1. ^ Fuller, Errol (1987). Extinct Birds. Penguin Books (England). p. 131\. ISBN 0-670-81787-2.
2. ^ a b c d e f g https://www.audubon.org/news/john-james-audubon-crazy-wrong-or-neither
3. ^ https://recentlyextinctspecies.com/gruiformes-crakes-cranes-rails-etc/leguatia-gigantea
4. ^ Solounias, Nikos (2022-09-27). Anatomy and Evolution of the Giraffe: Parts Unknown (PDF). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 1–6\. ISBN 978-1-5275-8686-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-06-01.
5. ^ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/there-is-now-a-hypothetical-species-named-shrewdinger-because-of-you-16682798
6. ^ Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín; Niemann, Jonas; Samaniego Castruita, Jose A.; Vieira, Filipe G.; Carøe, Christian; Montero, Marc de Manuel; Kuderna, Lukas; Serres, Aitor; González-Basallote, Víctor Manuel; Liu, Yan-Hu; Wang, Guo-Dong; Marques-Bonet, Tomas; Mirarab, Siavash; Fernandes, Carlos; Gaubert, Philippe; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Budd, Jane; Rueness, Eli Knispel; Sillero, Claudio; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Petersen, Bent; Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas; Bachmann, Lutz; Wiig, Øystein; Hansen, Anders J.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P. (2018). "Interspecific Gene Flow Shaped the Evolution of the Genus Canis". Current Biology. 28 (21): 3441–3449.e5. Bibcode:2018CBio...28E3441G. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.041. PMC 6224481. PMID 30344120.
7. ^ Wang, Guo-Dong; Zhang, Ming; Wang, Xuan; Yang, Melinda A.; Cao, Peng; Liu, Feng; Lu, Heng; Feng, Xiaotian; Skoglund, Pontus; Wang, Lu; Fu, Qiaomei; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2019). "Genomic Approaches Reveal an Endemic Subpopulation of Gray Wolves in Southern China". iScience. 20: 110–118\. Bibcode:2019iSci...20..110W. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.008. PMC 6817678. PMID 31563851.
8. ^ a b c d e Beebe, William (1934). Half Mile Down (PDF). New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
9. ^ https://recentlyextinctspecies.com/lepidoptera-butterflies-moths/neptis-guamensis
10. ^ https://collector-secret.proboards.com/thread/109/african-enigma-barns-papilio-antizox

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Extinction

Phenomena|

* Background extinction rate
* Coextinction
* De-extinction
* Ecological extinction
* Extinct in the wild
* Functional extinction
* Genetic pollution
* Lazarus taxon
* Local extinction
* Pseudoextinction

Models|

* Extinction vortex

Causes|

* Climate variability and change
* Genetic erosion
* Invasive species
* Habitat destruction
* Human impact on the environment
* Muller's ratchet
* Mutational meltdown
* Overabundant species
* Overexploitation
* Overshoot
* Paradox of enrichment

Theories
and concepts|

* Extinction debt
* Extinction risk from climate change
* Extinction threshold
* Quasi-extinction
* Field of bullets
* Hypothetical species
* Latent extinction risk
* Living fossil

Extinction events|

| Major|

* Ordovician–Silurian
* Late Devonian
* Permian–Triassic
* Triassic–Jurassic
* Cretaceous–Paleogene
* Holocene
* Timeline

|

Other|

* Great Oxidation
* End-Ediacaran
* End-Botomian
* Dresbachian
* Cambrian–Ordovician
* Ireviken
* Mulde
* Lau
* Carboniferous
* Olson's
* End-Capitanian
* Carnian Pluvial
* Toarcian
* End-Jurassic or Tithonian
* Aptian
* Cenomanian-Turonian
* Eocene–Oligocene
* Middle Miocene
* Pliocene–Pleistocene
* Quaternary

Extinct species|

* Lists of extinct species
* IUCN Red List extinct species

Organizations|

* International Union for Conservation of Nature
* IUCN Species Survival Commission
* Extinction Rebellion
* Voluntary Human Extinction Movement

See also|

* Anthropocene
* Decline in amphibian populations
* Decline in insect populations
* Endling
* Extinction symbol
* Human extinction
* The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History

* Category
* Commons

Portals:

* Biology
* Evolutionary biology

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