Ibn Abbas

Youngest cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad

Not to be confused with Abbas ibn Ali.

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās

عَبْد ٱللَّٰه ٱبْن عَبَّاس

Title| Hibr Al-Ummah (Scholar of the Ummah)
Personal life
Born|

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās

c. 619 CE

Mecca, Hejaz[1]

Died| c. 687 (aged 67–68)

Ta'if, Mecca, Umayyad Caliphate (now KSA)

Resting place| Masjid Abdullah ibn Abbas, Ta'if
Known for| Interpretation of the Qur'an
Other names|

* Al-Hibr ("The Ink")
* Al-Bahr ("The Sea")

Occupation| Expert in Tafsir, with interests in the Qur'an, Sunnah, Hadith and Tafsir[1] during the Islamic golden age
Relatives|

List

* Muhammad (cousin)
* Ali (cousin)
* Ja'far (cousin)
* Aqil (cousin)
* Al-Zubayr (cousin)
* Utaybah (cousin)
* Zaynab (cousin)
* Umama (cousin)
* Hammanah (cousin)
* Habiba (cousin)
* Fakhitah (cousin)

Religious life
Religion| Islam
Muslim leader
Disciple of| Muhammad
Spouses|

* Zahra bint Mishrah
* Umm Asma (concubine)

Children|

Sons:

* Al-Abbas
* Ali
* Muhammad
* Ubayd Allah
* Al-Fadl
* Sa'd
Daughters:
* Lubabah
* Asma (the latter's mother was the concubine)

Parents|

* Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (father)
* Lubaba bint al-Harith (mother)

Influences

Muhammad
Ali

Influenced

* Umar[1]
* Ata ibn Abi Rabah[2]
* Wahb ibn Munabbih[3]
* Tawus ibn Kaysan[4]
* Al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym[5]
* Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr[6]
* Muhammad ibn Idris Ash-Shafi'i

ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās (Arabic: عَبْد ٱللَّٰه ٱبْن عَبَّاس; c. 619 – 687 CE), also known as Ibn ʿAbbās, was one of the cousins of the prophet Muhammad. He is considered to be the greatest mufassir of the Qur'an.[7][8]

He was the son of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of Muhammad, and a nephew of Maymunah bint al-Harith, who later became Muhammad's wife. During the early struggles for the caliphate he supported Ali, and was made governor of Basra. He withdrew to Mecca shortly afterwards. During the reign of Mu'awiya I he lived in Hejaz and often travelled to Damascus. After Mu'awiya I died in 680 CE he migrated to At-Ta'if, where he is resting from around 687 CE.[7][9]

'Abd Allah ibn Abbas was highly regarded for his knowledge of traditions and his critical interpretation of the Qur'an. From early on, he gathered information from other companions of Muhammad and gave classes and wrote commentaries.[7]

## Biography

[edit]

Masjid Abdullah bin Abbas (21°16′13.31″N 40°24′30.48″E﻿ / ﻿21.2703639°N 40.4084667°E﻿ / 21.2703639; 40.4084667) in the Hejazi city of At-Ta'if

### Family

[edit]

He was the third son of a wealthy merchant, Al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, thus he was called Ibn Abbas (the son of Abbas). His mother was Umm al-Fadl Lubaba, who prided herself in being the second woman who converted to Islam, on the same day as her close friend Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Muhammad's wife.[10]

The father of Ibn Abbas and the father of Muhammad were both sons of Shaiba ibn Hashim, better known as 'Abdul-Muṭṭalib. Shaiba bin Hashim's father was Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the progenitor of the clain of Banu Hashim of the tribe of Quraysh in Mecca.[citation needed]

### 619–632: Muhammad's era

[edit]

Ibn Abbas was born in 3 BH (619–620 C.E.) and his mother took him to Muhammad before he had begun to suckle. This event represented the beginning of a close relationship between them.[1]

As he grew up, he was by Muhammad's side doing different services like fetching water for ablution (Arabic: wudu). He would pray (Arabic: salat) with Muhammad and follow him on his assemblies, journeys and expeditions. It is said that Muhammad would often draw him close, pat him on the shoulder and pray, "O God! Teach him (the knowledge of) the Book (Qur'an) ".[11] Muhammad had also supplicated for him to attain discernment in religion.[12] Ibn Abbas kept following Muhammad, memorizing and learning his teaching.[1]

#### Muhammad's statement

[edit]

Main article: Hadith of the pen and paper

In 10 AH (631/632CE), Muhammad fell into his last illness. During this period, the Hadith of the pen and paper was reported, with Ibn Abbas as the first-level narrator, at that time about twelve years old.[13] Days after that, Abbas and Ali supported Muhammad's weight on their shoulder, as Muhammad was too weak to walk unaided.[14]

### 632–634: Abu Bakr's era

[edit]

#### Inheritance from Muhammad

[edit]

Main article: Hadith of Muhammad's inheritance

Ibn 'Abbas was thirteen years old when Abu Bakr came to power.

#### Continued education

[edit]

After Muhammad's era, he continued to collect and learn Muhammad's teaching from Muhammad's companions (Arabic: Sahaba), especially those who knew him the longest. He would consult multiple Sahaba to confirm narrations, and would go to as many as thirty Companions to verify a single matter,[1] once he heard that a Sahaba knew a hadith unknown to him:[1] A hadith attributed to Abd Allah ibn Abbas reports:[citation needed]

...I went to him during the time of the afternoon siesta and spread my cloak in front of his door. The wind blew dust on me (as I sat waiting for him). If I wished I could have sought his permission to enter and he would certainly have given me permission. But I preferred to wait on him so that he could be completely refreshed. Coming out of his house and seeing me in that condition he said, 'O cousin of the Prophet! What's the matter with you? If you had sent for me I would have come to you.' 'I am the one who should come to you, for knowledge is sought, it does not just come,' I said. I asked him about the hadith and learnt from him.

In addition to his own scholarship, Ibn Abbas was a teacher. His house from where he taught became the equivalent of a university.[1]

One of his companions described a typical scene in front of his house:

> I saw people converging on the roads leading to his house until there was hardly any room in front of his house. I went in and told him about the crowds of people at his door and he said: 'Get me water for wudu.'

> He performed wudu and, seating himself, said: 'Go out and say to them: Whoever wants to ask about the Qur'an and its letters (pronunciation) let him enter.'

> This I did and people entered until the house was filled. Whatever he was asked, Abdullah was able to elucidate and even provide additional information to what was asked. Then (to his students) he said: 'Make way for your brothers.'

> Then to me he said: 'Go out and say: Who wants to ask about the Quran and its interpretation, let him enter'.

> Again the house was filled and Abdullah elucidated and provided more information than what was requested.[1]

He held classes on one single subject each day. His classes covered topics such as tafsir, fiqh, Halal and Haraam, ghazawa, poetry, Arab history before Islam, inheritance laws, Arabic language and etymology.[1]

### 634–644: Umar's era

[edit]

#### Advising Umar

[edit]

Umar often sought the advice of Ibn Abbas on important matters of state and described him as a "young man of maturity":[1]

A hadith attributed to Abd Allah ibn Abbas Sahih reports:[citation needed]

Umar used to make me sit with the elderly men who had fought in the battle of Badr. Some of them (Abd-al-Rahman ibn Awf[15]) felt it (did not like that) and said to Umar: "Why do you bring in this boy to sit with us, while we have sons like him?"

Umar replied "Because of what you know of his position" (i.e. his religious knowledge).

One day Umar called me and made me sit in the gathering of those people, and I think that he called me just to show them (my religious knowledge). 'Umar then asked them in my presence: 'What do you say about the interpretation of the statement of Allah'.

When comes help of God, and the conquest...

Some of them said: "We are ordered to praise God and ask for His forgiveness, when God's help and the conquest comes to us". Some others kept quiet and did not say anything. On that Umar asked me: "Do you say the same, O Ibn Abbas?" I replied: "No". He said: "What do you say then?" I replied: "That is the sign of the death of Prophet Muhammad, which God informed him of. God said:

(O Muhammad) when comes the help of God (to you against your enemies) and the conquest (which is the sign of your death) – you should celebrate the praises of your Lord and ask for His forgiveness, and He is the One who accepts the repentance and forgives". On that Umar said: "I do not know anything about it other than what you have said".

The Sahaba Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas said:

> I have never seen someone who was quicker in understanding, who had more knowledge and greater wisdom than Ibn Abbas. I have seen Umar summon him to discuss difficult problems in the presence of veterans of Badr from among the Muhajirin and Ansar. Ibn Abbas would speak and Umar would not disregard what he had to say.[1]

### 656–661: Ali's era

[edit]

#### Battle of Siffin

[edit]

Main article: Battle of Siffin

Ibn Abbas remained a staunch supporter of his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib during his war with Muawiyah, including at the Battle of Siffin. He had also been given the position of governor of Basra during Ali's reign as Caliph.[citation needed]

A large group of Ali's army were discontented with the outcome of Ali's war with Muawiyah, and broke off into a separate group that became known as the Khawarij or Kharijites. Ibn Abbas played a key role in convincing a large number of them to return to Ali; 20,000 of 24,000 according to some sources. He did so using his knowledge of Muhammad's biography, in particular, the events of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.[1]

### 680–683: Yazid's era

[edit]

Sunnis believe that ibn Abbas was in favour of the unity of the Muslims and hence did not revolt against rulers. He advised Husayn ibn Ali against his proposed expedition to Kufa that ended at Karbala.

### Wives and children

[edit]

By a Yemenite princess named Zahra bint Mishrah, Ibn Abbas had seven children:

1. Al-Abbas, the first born, who was childless.
2. Ali ibn Abdullah (died 736), who was the grandfather of the first two Abbasid caliphs, who replaced the Umayyads as rulers of Caliphate in 750.
3. Muhammad, who was childless.
4. Ubaydullah, who was childless.
5. Al-Fadl, who was childless. (Riverine Sudanese trace their ancestry to al-Fadl through a son named Saeed, whose mother is said to be from the Ansar).
6. Saad had two children
7. Lubaba, who married Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Jaafar and had descendants.

He had another daughter, Asma, by a concubine; she married her cousin Abdullah ibn Ubaydullah ibn Abbas and had two sons.[16]

## Hadith transmitted

[edit]

Ibn Abbas narrated that Muhammad said, "Two favours are treated unjustly by most people: health and free time." (from Sahih Bukhari, at-Tirmidhi, ibn Majah and al-Nasa'i)[citation needed]

Ibn Abbas reported: Muhammad said, "He who does not memorize any part from the Qur'an, he is like the ruined house." (from Tirmidhi)[citation needed]

On the authority of Ibn Abbas, who said, "One day I was behind (i.e. riding behind him on the same mount) the Prophet and he said to me: 'Young man, I shall teach you some words (of advice). Be mindful of Allah, and Allah will protect you. Be mindful of Allah, and you will find Him in front of you. If you ask, ask of Allah; if you seek help, seek help of Allah. Know that if the nations were to gather together to benefit you with anything, they would benefit you only with something that Allah had already prescribed for you, and if they gather together to harm you with anything, they would harm you only with something Allah had already prescribed for you. The pens have been lifted and the pages have dried." (from Tirmidhi)

Al Hakim records on the authority of ibn Abbas that Muhammad advanced, carrying upon his back Hassan ibn Ali, and a man met him and said, 'an excellent steed thou ridest, lad!'. Muhammad replied, 'and he is an excellent rider.'[citation needed]

Ali ibn Husam Adin (commonly known as al-Mutaki al-Hindi) records that ibn Abbas narrated that Muhammad said the following about his deceased aunt Fatima, the mother of Ali: "I (Muhammad) put on her my shirt that she may wear the clothes of heaven, and I lay in her grave that I may lessen the pressure of the grave. She was the best of Allah’s creatures to me after Abu Talib".[citation needed]

## Legacy

[edit]

Masruq ibn al Ajda said of him:

> Whenever I saw Ibn Abbas, I would say: He is the most handsome of men. When he spoke, I would say: He is the most eloquent of men. And when he held a conversation, I would say: He is the most knowledgeable of men."[1]

The 1924 Cairo edition Quran adopted the chronological order of chapters promulgated by Ibn Abbās, which subsequently became widely accepted.[17][18]

## Descendants

[edit]

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| | | | Waqida bint Amr| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Abd Manaf ibn Qusai| | | | | | Ātikah bint Murrah
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| | | | | | | | Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf| | ‘Abd Shams| | Barra| | Hala| | Muṭṭalib ibn Abd Manaf| | Hashim| | Salma bint Amr
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| | | | | | | | | | Umayya ibn Abd Shams| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib
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Harb| | | | | | | | Abū al-ʿĀs| | ʿĀminah| | ʿAbdallāh| | Hamza| | Abī Ṭālib| | Az-Zubayr| | al-ʿAbbās | | Abū Lahab|

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ʾAbī Sufyān ibn Harb| | al-Ḥakam| | ʿUthmān| | ʿAffān| | MUHAMMAD
(Family tree)| | Khadija bint Khuwaylid| | | | | ʿAlī
(Family tree)| | Khawlah bint Ja'far| | Ibn Abbas
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Muʿāwiyah I| | Marwān I| | | | | | ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān| | Ruqayya| | Fatimah| | | | | | | Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah| | | | ʿAli ibn ʿAbdallāh| |
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Sufyanids| | Marwanids| | | | | | | | | | | | | | al-Ḥasan| | al-Ḥusayn
(Family tree)| | Abu Hasim
(Imām of al-Mukhtār and Hashimiyya)| | | | Muhammad
"al-Imām"
(Abbasids)
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ibrāhim "al-Imām"| | al-Saffāḥ| | al-Mansur|
The genealogy of the Abbasids including their rival Zaydi imams

| Abbasids

Caliphs of the Abbasid Caliphate
Caliphs of Cairo
Zaydi imams

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib
ibn ʿHāshīm

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| | ʾAbū Ṭālib
ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib| | | | | | | | Abū'l-Fādl
al-ʿAbbās ibn
ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib| | ʿAbd Allāh ibn
ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ʿAlīyyū'l-Murtaḍžā
(1st Imām of Kaysāniyyā, Zaydīyyā, Imāmiyyā)| | | | | | | | | Hibr al-Ummah
ʿAbd Allāh
ibn al-ʿAbbās| | Khātam
al-Nabiyyin
Abū'l-Qāsīm
Muḥammad
ibn ʿAbd Allāh
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| | | | |
Al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā
(2nd Imām of Kaysāniyyā, Zaydīyyā, Imāmiyyā)| | Hussayn ibn Ali
(3rd Imām of Kaysāniyyā, Zaydīyyā, Imāmiyyā)| | Abū'l-Qāsīm Muḥammad
al-Hānafīyya
(4th Imām of Kaysāniyyā)| | ʿAlī ibn
ʿAbd Allāh
al-Sajjad| | | | |
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā
(5th Imām of Zaydiyyā)| | Ali al-Sajjad
(Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn)
(4th Imām of Zaydiyyā, Imāmiyyā)| | Abū Hāshīm
ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad
(5th Imām of Hāsheemīyyā)| | | Muḥammad
"al-Imām"
(6th Imām of Hāsheemīyyā)
716/7 - 743| | (The Governors)

* ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī
(Bilad al-Sham of Syria; 750–754)
* Abd al-Sāmad
(Medina and Mecca; 772–776 & Jazira; 780)

| | (The Governors)

* Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī
(Egypt; 750–751)
* Sulayman
(Bahrayn, Oman, Tigris districts, Mihrajanqadhaq; 750–755 & Amir al-hajj; 753)

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā| | Zayd ibn Ali
(6th Imām of Zaydiyyā)| | | Ibrāhim (Ebrāheem)
"al-Imām"
(7th Imām of Hāsheemīyyā)
743 - 749| | Abū Jāʿfar
ʿAbd Allāh
al-Mānṣūr
(2)
r. 754–775| | Abū'l-ʿAbbās
ʿAbd Allāh
as-Saffāh
(1)
r. 750–754| | Mūsā ibn Muḥammad "al-Imām"
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Nafsū'zZakiyya
(First elected caliph by Ibrāhim, Mānṣūr, Saffāh, Imām Mālīk & Abū Ḥanīfa)
(8th Imām of Zaydiyyā)| | | Yahya ibn Zayd
(7th Imām of Zaydiyyā)| | | Abū Muslīm al-Khurāsānī
(Governor of Khurasan)
748–755| | Muḥammad
al-Mahdī
(3)
r. 775–785| | Jāʿfar
(Wali al-Ahd & Governor of Mosul)
762–764| | ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā
(Governor of Kufa)
750–765
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
ʿAbd Allāh
Shāh Ghāzī
(ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad)
(10th Imām of Zaydiyyā)| | | Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā
ibn Ḥasan al-Mujtabā
(9th Imām of Zaydiyyā)| | | Al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī al-ʿĀbid ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thallath
ibn Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā
(12th Imām of Zaydiyyā)| | Hārūn
ar-Rāshīd
(5)
r. 786–809| | ʿMūsā
al-Hādī
(4)
r. 785–786| | (The Governors)

* Mūsā (Kufa, Egypt & Medina)
* Ismā'īl
(Egypt)
* Dā'wūd

(Medina)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Sulaymān
ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan II
(Emir of Tlemcen)
(Sulaymanid dynasty of Western Algeria)| | | Yaḥyā
ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā
(14th Imām of Zaydiyyā)| | Ibrāhīm Ṭabāṭabā
ibn Ismāʿīl al-Dībādj ibn Ibrāhīm al-Ghamr ibn
al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā| | Muḥammad
al-Mu'tasim
(8)
r. 833–842| | Abd Allāh
al-Ma'mun
(7)
r. 813–833| | Muḥammad
al-Amin
(6)
r. 809–813
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sūlaymān
ibn ʿAbd Allāh as-Sālih ibn Mūsā al-Jawn ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā| | | Idrīs the Elder ibn ʿAbd Allāh
(Idrisid dynasty of Morocco)
(15th Imām of Zaydiyyā)| | | Muḥammad ibn IbrāhīmṬabāṭabā
(16th Imām of Zaydiyyā)| | Jāʿfar al-Mutawakkil
(10)
r. 847–861| | Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad
al-Mu'tasim| | Hārūn
al-Wathiq
(9)
r. 842–847
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Mūsā II
ibn ʿAbd Allāh as-Sâlih ibn Mūsā al-Jawn ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl| | | Idrīs ibn Idrīs
(2nd Zaydī Imām of Idrisids in Morocco)| | | Muḥammad
al-Muntasir
(11)
r. 861–862| | | Ṭalḥa al-Muwaffaq
(Regent)
870–891| | | Aḥmad
al-Musta'in
(12)
r. 862–866| | Muḥammad
al-Muhtadi
(14)
r. 869–870|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ismāʿīl ibn Yūsūf
Al-Ukhayḍhir
ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā al-Jawn ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl ibn Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā| | | Al-Qāsīm
ar-Rassī ibn IbrāhīmṬabāṭabā
(19th Imām of Zaydiyyā)| | Ibrahim al-Mu'ayyad
(Wali al-Ahd & Governor of Syria)
850–861| | Aḥmad
al-Mu'tadid
(16)
r. 892–902| | Muḥammad
al-Mu'tazz
(13)
r. 866–869| | Aḥmad
al-Mu'tamid
(15)
r. 870–892|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Muḥammad ibn Yūsūf
Al-Ukhayḍhir
(1st Zaydī Imām of Ukhaydhirites in Najd and Al-Yamama)| | Abūʾl-Ḥusayn
Al-Hādī ilāʾl-Ḥaqq
Yaḥyā ibn
al-Ḥusayn
(1st Zaydī Imām of Rassids in Yemen)| | | ʿAlī
al-Muktafī
(17)
r. 902–908| | Jāʿfar
al-Muqtadir
(18)
r. 908–929,
929–932| | Muḥammad
al-Qāhir
(19)
r. 929, 932–934| | Jāʿfar al-Mufawwid
(Wali al-Ahd)
875–892

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Zayd ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib| | ʿAbd Allāh
al-Mustakfī
(22)
r. 944–946| | Al-Faḍl
al-Mutīʿ
(23)
r. 946–974| | Ishāq ibn Jāʿfar al-Muqtadir| | Muḥammad
al-Rādī
(20)
r. 934–940| | Ībrāhīm
al-Muttaqī
(21)
r. 940–944
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ḥasan ibn Zayd ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā ibn ʿAlīyyū'l-Murtaḍžā| | ʿUmar al-Ashraf ibn ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn ibn al-Ḥusayn| | ʿAbd al-Karīm
al-Ṭāʾiʿ
(24)
r. 974–991| | Aḥmad
al-Qāʿdīr
(25)
r. 991–1031| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥasan ibn Zayd ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā| | ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al-Ashraf ibn ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn| | Al-Ḥusayn Dhu'l-Dam'a ibn Zayd ibn ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn| | ʿAbd Allāh
al-Qāʿīm
(26)
r. 1031–1075
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥasan ibn Zayd| | Al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al-Ashraf| | Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn Dhu'l-Dam'a ibn Zayd| | Muḥammad Dhakīrat ad-Dīn
(Wali al-Ahd)
1039–1056
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Zayd ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Ḥasan| | | ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿUmar al-Ashraf| | | ʿUmar ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn Dhu'l-Dam'a| | ʿAbd Allāh
al-Mūqtādī
(27)
r. 1075–1094

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Al-Dāʿī al-Kabīr
Hasan ibn Zayd
(1st Zaydī Imām of Zaydīds in Tabaristan)| | | Al-Dāʿī al-Ṣaghīr
Muhammad ibn Zayd
(2nd Zaydī Imām of Zaydīds in Tabaristan)| | | Yaḥyā ibn ʿUmar
(20th Imām of Zaydiyyā in Samarra)| | | Aḥmad
al-Mūstāzhīr
(28)
r. 1094–1118
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | Al-Nāṣir liʾl-Ḥāqq
Hasan al-Utrush
(3rd Zaydī Imām of Zaydīds in Tabaristan)| | | | | | Al-Faḍl al-Mūstārshīd
(29)
r. 1118–1135
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | Al-Mānṣūr
al-Rāshīd
(30)
r. 1135–1136| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Muḥammad
al-Mūqtāfī
(31)
r. 1136–1160| | | | Alī ibn al-Faḍl
al-Qabī
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Yūsuf
al-Mūstānjīd
(32)
r. 1160–1170| | | | al-Hāsān
ibn Alī
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Al-Hāssān
al-Mūstādī'
(33)
r. 1170–1180| | | | Abū Bakr
ibn al-Hāsān
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Aḥmad
al-Nāsīr
(34)
r. 1180–1225| | | | Abi 'Alī al-Hāsān ibn Abū Bakr
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Muḥammad
az-Zāhīr
(35)
r. 1225–1226| | Malīka'zZāhīr Rūkn ad-Dīn Baybars
(Mamluk Sultanate Sultan of Egypt)
r. 1260–1277| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | Al-Mānsūr
al-Mūstānsīr
(36)
r. 1226–1242| | Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad
al-Mūstānsīr
(1)
r. 1261| | Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
al-Hakim I
(2)
r. 1262–1302
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | ʿAbd Allāh
al-Mūstā'sīm
(37)
r. 1242–1258| | | | | | Abū'r-Rabīʿ Sulaymān
al-Mustakfī I
(3)
r. 1302–1340| | | | Aḥmad ibn Aḥmad
al-Ḥākim bi-amr Allāh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
al-Hakim II
(5)
r. 1341–1352| | | | Abū'l-Fatḥ Abū Bakr
al-Mu'tadid I
(6)
r. 1352–1362| | | | Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm
al-Wāṯiq I
(4)
r. 1340–1341
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
al-Mutawakkil I
(7)
r. 1362–1377,
1377–1383,
1389–1406| | Abū Yāḥyā Zakariyāʾ
al-Musta'sim
(8)
r. 1377,
1386–1389| | Abū Ḥafs ʿUmar
al-Wāṯiq II
(9)
r. 1383–1386
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Abū'l-Faḍl al-ʿAbbās
al-Musta'īn
(10)
r. 1406–1414
Sultan of Egypt
r. 1412| | Abū'l-Fatḥ Dāwud
al-Mu'tadīd II
(11)
r. 1414–1441| | Abū'r-Rabīʿ Sulaymān
al-Mustakfī II
(12)
r. 1441–1451| | Yaʿqūb ibn Muḥammad
al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'Llāh| | Abū'l-Baqāʾ Ḥamza
al-Qāʾim
(13)
r. 1451–1455| | Abū'l-Maḥāsin Yūsuf
al-Mustanjid
(14)
r. 1455–1479
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Abū'l-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
al-Mutawakkil II
(15)
r. 1479–1497
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Abū'ṣ-Ṣabr Yaʿqūb
al-Mustamsik
(16)
r. 1497–1508,
1516–1517
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Muḥammad
al-Mutawakkil III
(17)
r. 1508–1516,
1517

## Views

[edit]

Ibn Abbas viewed that Tafsir can be divided in four categories:[19]

* The category the Arabs knew because of its language
* Those of ignorance, of which no one will be excused
* Those the scholars know
* Those no one knows except Allah (Arabic: الله Allāh)

Sunni view him as the most knowledgeable of the Companions in tafsir. A book entitled Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas is tafsir, all explanations of which may go back to Ibn Abbas.[1] Of all narrations transmitted by Ibn Abbas, 1660 were considered authentic (Arabic: Sahih) by the authors of the two Sahihs.[1][20][page needed]

Regarding Ibn Abbas giving verdicts (Arabic: fatwa) in favor of Nikah Mut'ah, most Sunnis view that Ali corrected him on the matter, while other view that "Ibn Abbas position on the permissibility of Mut'ah until his last day is proven" per the Hadith of Ibn al-Zubayr and Mut'ah.[21]

Sunnis describe thus:

> ... the courageous Abdullah showed that he preferred peace above war, and logic against force and violence. However, he was not only known for his courage, his perceptive thought and his vast knowledge. He was also known for his great generosity and hospitality. Some of his contemporaries said of his household: "We have not seen a house with more food or drink or fruit or knowledge than the house of Ibn Abbas."

> He had a genuine and abiding concern for people. He was thoughtful and caring. He once said: "When I realize the importance of a verse of God's Book, I would wish that all people should know what I know.

> "When I hear of a Muslim ruler who deals equitably and rules justly, I am happy on his account and I pray for him...

> "When I hear of rains that fall on the land of Muslims, that fills me with happiness..."

> Abdullah ibn Abbas was constant in his devotions. He kept voluntary fasts regularly and often stayed up at night in Prayer. He would weep while praying and reading the Quran. And when reciting verses dealing with death, resurrection and the life hereafter his voice would be heavy from deep sobbing.[1]

## See also

[edit]

* List of Islamic scholars
* Sunni view of the Sahaba
* List of Sahabah
* Ikrima ibn Abd Allah

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q biography Archived 2009-05-28 at archive.today on the MSA West Compendium of Muslim Texts
2. ^ "PAR246 Hadith Criticism". Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2006-09-28.
3. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia [1]
4. ^ Media Monitors Network, A Few Comments on Tafsir of the Quran, Habib Siddiqui October 2004
5. ^ Mashahir, 99-Too; Ghaya, 1. 283; Abu Nuʿaym, II. 105-19; Kashif, I. 235; Ibn Marthad 41-3
6. ^ usulgloss2 Archived November 15, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
7. ^ a b c "'Abd Allah ibn al-'Abbas". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. pp. 16. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
8. ^ Ludwig W. Adamec (2009), Historical Dictionary of Islam, p.134. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810861615.
9. ^ There is uncertainty as to the actual year of his death. Some sources state either 687 or 688.
10. ^ Marriage to a 'past': Parents should not reject a proposal without a good reason – and being a revert with a past is not an acceptable one
11. ^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 9:92:375
12. ^ Sahih Muslim (#6523)
13. ^ Regarding Omar's Refusal to Give the Prophet a Pen to Write his Will!!![permanent dead link]
14. ^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 1:4:197, 1:11:634, 3:47:761,5:59:727
15. ^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:56:821
16. ^ Tabari, vol. 39, pp. 54-55.
17. ^ Jane Dammen McAuliffe "Preface" Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an, Vol. 1
18. ^ Gerhard Böwering, "Chronology and the Quran", Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an, Vol. 1, Brill
19. ^ Interpreting The Text
20. ^ Reliance of the Traveller by Ahmad al-Misr, (A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law), translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller, published by Amana publications, Beltsville, Maryland, USA 1991
21. ^ Fatih al-Qadir by Muhammad ash-Shawkani, Sharh Hidaya Volume 3 p. 51

## External links

[edit]

* Hadith by Abdullah Ibn Abbas Collected By Bukhari

* v
* t
* e

Companions of Ali

* Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas
* Abd Allah ibn Ja'far
* Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr
* Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali
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* v
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* e

Muhammad

Relatives|

| Parents|

* Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Muttalib
* Amina bint Wahb

|

Foster parents|

* Thuwaybah
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Foster brothers and sisters|

* Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib (Uncle)
* Abu Salama Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Asad
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Wives|

* Khadija bint Khuwaylid
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| Children|

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|

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* Abu Bakr (father-in-law)
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Related topics|

* Muhammad in the Quran
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|

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| Cities|

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|

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