Ideological repression in the Soviet Union

Efforts by the Soviet Union to prevent dissenting ideas from spreading

Mass repression
in the Soviet Union

Economic repression

* War communism
* Collectivization
* Dekulakization
* Soviet famine of 1930–1933
* Ukraine
* Kazakhstan

Political repression

* Red Terror
* Purges of the Communist Party
* Great Purge
* Gulag
* Punitive psychiatry

Ideological repression

* Religion
* 1917–1921
* 1921–1928
* 1928–1941
* 1958–1964
* 1975–1987
* Christianity
* Islam
* Judaism
* Legislation
* Science
* Censorship
* Images
* Art

Ethnic repression

* De-Cossackization
* National operations
* Population transfers
* Repressions of Poles
* Ukrainian language suppression

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Ideological repression in the Soviet Union targeted various worldviews and the corresponding categories of people.

## Ideological repression in arts

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Until the late 1920s, various forms of artistic expression were tolerated. However, an increase in the scope of Soviet political repression, marked by the first show trial, the Shakhty Trial, brought into the focus of Bolsheviks the question whether "bourgeois intelligentsia", including workers of culture and arts, can be loyal and trustworthy. As an early step was an instruction to the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers "to scourge and chastise [literature]" in the name of the Party", i.e., effectively encouraging censorship of literature on ideological grounds. Among the first targets were Yevgeny Zamiatin and Boris Pilnyak.[1]

Soon the concept of socialist realism was established, as the officially approved form of art, an instrument of propaganda, and the main touchstone of ideological censorship.

## Repression of religion

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Main article: Religion in the Soviet Union

## Ideological repression in science

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Main article: Censorship of science in the Soviet Union

Certain scientific fields in the Soviet Union were suppressed after being labeled as ideologically suspect.[2][3] In some cases the consequences of ideological influences were dramatic. The suppression of research began during the Stalin era and continued, in softened forms, after his regime.[4] Leon Trotsky had defended Einstein’s theory of relativity in Soviet intellectual circles but this became an anathema during the Stalin era and was only rehabilitated following the latter’s death.[5]

## See also

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* Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War
* Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union
* Bibliography of the post-Stalinist Soviet Union

## References

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1. ^ Rudova, Larissa (1997). Understanding Boris Pasternak. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. p. 64\. ISBN 1-57003-143-6.
2. ^ Loren R. Graham (2004) Science in Russia and the Soviet Union. A Short History. Series: Cambridge Studies in the History of Science. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-28789-0
3. ^ Mark Walker (2002) Science and Ideology. A Comparative History. Series: Routledge Studies in the History of Science, Technology and Medicine. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-27122-6
4. ^ Loren R. Graham, Science and philosophy in the Soviet Union. New York, 1972, [1] Archived 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine[ISBN missing]
5. ^ Deutscher, Isaac (5 January 2015). The Prophet: The Life of Leon Trotsky. Verso Books. p. 730\. ISBN 978-1-78168-721-5.

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