Illegal drug trade in the Philippines

Sale and distribution of illegal narcotics in the Philippines

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)

This article appears to be slanted towards recent events. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. (November 2020)

|

This article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2023)

|

(Learn how and when to remove this message)

The prevalence of illegal drug use in the Philippines is lower than the global average, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).[1] President Rodrigo Duterte has claimed that the country could become a "narco-state". Two of the most used and valuable illegal drugs in the country are methamphetamine hydrochloride (known locally as shabu) and marijuana.[2][3] In 2012, the United Nations said the Philippines had the highest rate of methamphetamine use in East Asia, and according to a U.S. State Department report, 2.1 percent of Filipinos aged 16 to 64 use the drug[4] based on 2008 figures by the Philippines Dangerous Drugs Board.[5] As of 2016, the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime report that 1.1 percent of Filipinos aged 10 to 69 use the drug.[5] In Metro Manila, most barangays are affected by illegal drugs.[2]

## Production

[edit]

### Marijuana

[edit]

In September 2019, rapper Marlon Peroramas, better known by his stage name "Loonie" and 4 others were arrested on a buy-bust operation in Poblacion, Makati. The group was in possession of 15 sachets of high-grade marijuana with a street value of P100,000. (US$1,928.64)

Main article: Cannabis in the Philippines

### Methamphetamine production

[edit]

Seized meth laboratory in Pampanga.

Drug syndicates have been producing methamphetamine in small-scale and kitchen-type laboratories to avoid detection by the Philippine authorities since 2010. Usually, drug syndicates rent warehouses for use as drug laboratories. These syndicates have moved towards renting houses in private subdivisions, condominiums and apartments to be used as bases for their illegal drug production. Private properties are becoming more favorable to drug syndicates as sites of illegal drug production.[6]

Methamphetamine remains more feasible to sell in the Philippines than cocaine, a more costly illegal drug.[7]

Owing to its geographical location, international drug syndicates use the Philippines as a transit hub for the illegal drug trade.[2][8] Some local drug syndicates are also involved in the international illegal drug trade, and utilize drug mules to transport small amounts of illegal drugs to other countries. Some overseas Filipino workers have been utilized by drug syndicates as drug mules, either knowingly or unknowingly. Most Filipino drug mules, mainly women, are sent to China, where drug convicts will face execution via lethal injection.[9] Ninoy Aquino International Airport has been identified as a favorable illegal drug trafficking hub.[6]

Some Filipinos choose to be involved in drug trafficking due to the promise of a high income. Some still participate in such illicit activity because they are forced by certain circumstances. There were reports in the past that some Filipinos, usually women, were forced and blackmailed by drug syndicates to work as drug couriers, and if they refused, their family's safety would be compromised.[10]

A Manila-based firm, Pacific Strategies & Assessments, identified the Philippines as, "not only a transhipment point, but also a key producer of synthetic drugs for all of Asia" in a report made in 2009.[11]

In December 2013, the Philippine National Police – Anti-Illegal Drugs Special Operations Task Force and the Philippine Drug Enforcement confirmed reports that the Mexican Sinaloa Cartel had started operations in the country.[10][12] Methamphetamine has also been manufactured in North Korea and brought into the Philippines.

## Chinese cartel involvement

[edit]

About nine Chinese drug cartels are involved on most illegal drug trade in the Philippines.[13] The U.S. Department of State found out that Chinese drug cartels are behind the trade of methamphetamine hydrochloride on the Philippines.[2][14]

The president divulged the names of the members of a large Chinese triad group in an interview with PTV-4 on July 7. The members of the triad group included Chinese drug lords, namely Wu Tuan, aka tatay Co, Jameson Ching, Peter Lim, aka tiger balm, and Herbert Colangco, with the three under the protection of Marcelo Garbo Jr, one of the Philippine National Police generals named by Duterte on July 5.[15]

## Mexican cartel involvement

[edit]

In a raid on a small cock-fighting operation in Lipa city, officials found 84 kilograms of methamphetamine also known by the locals as "shabu."[16] In the raid three affiliates of the Sinaloa Cartel were arrested, the Sinaloa Cartel being led by drug lord Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman.

## Trade value

[edit]

According to a 2010 U.S. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency's Director General estimated that the value of the illegal drug trade in the Philippines to be worth $6.4 to $8.4 billion annually.[17][18]

## Party drugs

[edit]

MDMA (ecstasy), one of the party drugs, is the third most abused drug, next to cannabis and methamphetamine.[19]

The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency discovered the production of "fly high", after a raid on a condominium unit in Makati.[20] The effects of use of fly high includes sleeplessness, loss of appetite, and high libido.[21]

In May 2019, 39 bricks of cocaine valued at around 4 million were found by fishermen in the Philippines. While officials believe that this cocaine was in transit to Australia, Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency believes this was intended to be a diversion.[22]

## Drug use among minors

[edit]

Inhalants are commonly used among minors, especially street children.[19] Street children in the Philippines are most likely to be inhalant abusers.[23]

Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency statistics of 2014 recorded 40% of minors arrested for drug possession,[24] and drug syndicates use children as drug pushers.[25] Children arrested for drug possession or use are brought to the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), in compliance to Republic Act No. 9344 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006).[25]

## Governmental response

[edit]

Main article: Drug policy of the Philippines

## See also

[edit]

* Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
* Close-Up Forever Summer concert tragedy
* Philippine Drug War

General:

* Crime in the Philippines
* Illegal firearm trade in the Philippines

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ "Philippines: Duterte's 100 days of carnage". Amnesty International. October 7, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
2. ^ a b c d Ranada, Pia (January 5, 2016). "A look at the state of crime, drugs in the Philippines". Rappler. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
3. ^ "Fact on Drugs". Dangerous Drugs Board. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
4. ^ Mogato, Manuel; Chalmers, John (June 29, 2016). "As Duterte takes over in Philippines, police killings stir fear". Reuters.
5. ^ a b "Prevalence of Drug use in the General Population – National Data". United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. 2016. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
6. ^ a b "Illicit Drug Trafficking". Philippine Center on Transnational Crime. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved December 26, 2013.
7. ^ Dizon, David (December 26, 2013). "World's most powerful drug cartel now in PH". ABS-CBNnews.com. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
8. ^ Sy Egco, Joel M. (January 1, 2014). "PH center of world drug trade". The Manila Times. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
9. ^ "Filipino drug mules". Al Jazeera. April 5, 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
10. ^ a b Arcangel, Xianne (August 20, 2013). "Pinoys still being nabbed for drugs abroad despite executions". GMA News. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
11. ^ Wilson, Karl (March 15, 2010). "Philippines poll 'hit by drugs trade'". The National. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
12. ^ PDEA 2013, p. 17.
13. ^ Ramirez, Robertzon (November 27, 2016). "Chinese gangs behind Philippine illegal drug trade". The Philippine Star. Philstar. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
14. ^ Esplanada, Jerry E. (June 28, 2012). "Chinese drug syndicates behind drug trade in Philippines, says US". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
15. ^ Kabiling, Genalyn (July 7, 2016). "Palace reveals Chinese triad involved in illegal drugs". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
16. ^ Peter Shadbolt, for (February 25, 2014). "Philippines raid reveals Mexican drug cartel presence in Asia". CNN. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
17. ^ "INCSR 2010 Volume 1: Country Reports" (PDF). United States Department of State Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs. March 1, 2010. p. 509.
18. ^ Xianne Arcangel (August 20, 2013). "Pinoys still being nabbed for drugs abroad despite executions". GMA News.
19. ^ a b PDEA 2012, p. 15.
20. ^ Villamente, Jing (January 28, 2014). "'Fly high' pill a mixture of ecstasy, shabu, viagra". The Manila Times. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
21. ^ Cupin, Bea (May 21, 2014). "PH 'fly high' drug: Lethal mix of ecstasy, shabu". Rappler. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
22. ^ "Cocaine bricks keep washing up in the Philippines". July 9, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
23. ^ Njord, L; Merrill, RM; Njord, R; Lindsay, R; Pachano, JD (April 22, 2016). "Drug use among street children and non—street children in the Philippines". Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health. 22 (2): 203–11\. doi:10.1177/1010539510361515. PMID 20457649. S2CID 206615376.
24. ^ Ramirez, Robertzon (February 22, 2015). "More minors arrested for drugs in 2014". The Philippine Star. Philstar. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
25. ^ a b Yap, DJ (June 11, 2011). "More kids used in drug trade". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 7, 2016.

## References

[edit]

* "Annual Report 2013/The Philippine Drug Situation" (PDF). Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 4, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
* "Annual Report 2012/The Philippine Drug Situation" (PDF). Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 4, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2016.

## External links

[edit]

* Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Archived December 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine official website

* v
* t
* e

Philippines articles

History|

| Overviews|

* Archaeology
* Economy
* Military
* Political

|

Chronology|

* Prehistory
* Pre-colonial era
* Colonial era
* Spanish period
* American period
* Japanese occupation
* Postcolonial era
* Third Republic
* Marcos presidency
* Fifth Republic

Geography|

* Bays
* Biosphere reserves
* Borders
* Climate
* Climate change
* Typhoons
* Earthquakes
* Ecoregions
* Extreme points
* Island groups
* islands
* Lakes
* Mountains
* Protected areas
* National parks
* Ramsar sites
* Rivers
* Volcanoes
* Wildlife
* World Heritage Sites

Politics|

* Administrative divisions
* Constitution
* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Human rights
* LGBTQ
* Legal codes
* Political families
* Political parties

| Government|

* Executive
* Cabinet
* lists
* Executive departments
* Executive office
* Law enforcement
* President
* Legislative
* Senate
* House of Representatives
* Judicial
* Supreme Court
* Court of Appeals
* Regional Trial Court
* Armed Forces
* Air Force
* Army
* Navy
* Marine Corps
* Coast Guard

|

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Automotive
* Business process outsourcing
* Census
* Central bank
* Child labor
* Energy
* Fiscal policy
* National debt
* Labor
* Peso
* Science and technology
* Stock exchange
* Taxation
* Telecommunications
* Telephone numbers
* Tourism
* Tourist attractions
* Transportation
* Water and sanitation
* ZIP codes

Society|

* Abortion
* Censorship
* Corruption
* Crime
* Demographics
* Divorce
* Education
* Higher education
* Environmental issues
* Climate change
* Deforestation
* Ethnic groups
* Indigenous peoples
* Genetic and anthropology studies
* Health
* Human trafficking
* Sex trafficking
* Immigration
* Income inequality
* Kinship
* Languages
* Overseas workers
* Poverty
* Prostitution
* Refugees
* Religion
* Sexuality
* Squatting
* Women
* Pinoy

| Culture|

* Architecture
* Arts
* Cinema
* Cuisine
* Cultural properties
* Dance
* Fashion and clothing
* Historical markers
* Inventions
* Literature
* Media
* Music
* Mythology
* Name
* Public holidays
* Festivals
* Psychology
* Sports
* Traditional games
* Value system

|

Symbols|

* Anthem
* Bird
* Coat of arms
* Flag
* Flower
* Gem
* Great Seal
* Language
* Motto
* Sign language
* Sport and martial art
* Tree

* Outline
* Bibliography

* Philippines portal
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Illegal drug trade in Asia

Sovereign states|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* China
* Cyprus
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Israel
* Japan
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Kuwait
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* Maldives
* Mongolia
* Myanmar
* Nepal
* Oman
* Pakistan
* Philippines
* Qatar
* Russia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* Timor-Leste (East Timor)
* Turkey
* Turkmenistan
* United Arab Emirates
* Uzbekistan
* Vietnam
* Yemen

States with
limited recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Northern Cyprus
* Palestine
* South Ossetia
* Taiwan

Dependencies and
other territories|

* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Category
* Asia portal

* v
* t
* e

Recreational drug use

Major recreational drugs

| Depressants|

* Barbiturates
* Benzodiazepines
* Carbamates
* Ethanol (alcohol)
* Alcoholic beverage
* Beer
* Wine
* Gabapentinoids
* GHB
* Inhalants
* Medical
* Nitrous oxide (recreational use)
* Hazardous solvents
* contact adhesives
* Gasoline
* nail polish remover
* Paint thinner
* Other
* Freon
* Kava
* Nonbenzodiazepines
* Quinazolinones
* Quaaludes

|

Opioids|

* Buprenorphine
* Suboxone
* Subutex
* Codeine
* Lean
* Desomorphine
* Krokodil
* Dextropropoxyphene
* Darvocet
* Darvon
* Fentanyl
* Diamorphine
* Heroin
* Hydrocodone
* Hydromorphone
* Dilaudid
* Methadone
* Mitragyna speciosa
* Kratom
* Morphine
* Opium
* Oxycodone
* /paracetamol
* Tramadol

Stimulants|

* Amphetamine
* Arecoline
* Areca
* Betel
* Caffeine
* Coffee
* Energy drinks
* Tea
* Cathinone
* Khat
* Cocaine
* Coca
* Crack
* Ephedrine
* Ephedra
* MDPV
* Mephedrone
* Methamphetamine
* Methylone
* Methylphenidate
* Modafinil
* Nicotine
* Polacrilex
* Salt
* Tobacco
* Theobromine
* Cocoa
* Chocolate

Entactogens|

* 2C series
* 6-APB
* Benzofury
* AMT
* MDA
* MDMA
* Ecstasy
* Molly

Hallucinogens|

| Psychedelics|

* 2C-B
* 25I-NBOMe
* 4-AcO-DMT
* 5-MeO-DMT
* Psychoactive toads
* Bufotenin
* Vilca
* Yopo
* DMT
* Ayahuasca
* LSA and iso-LSA
* Morning glory
* Ergot
* LSD
* Mescaline
* Peruvian torch
* Peyote
* San Pedro
* Psilocybin and psilocin
* Psilocybin mushrooms

|

Dissociatives|

* DXM (recreational use)
* Inhalants
* Nitrous oxide (recreational use)
* Ketamine
* MXE
* PCP

Deliriants|

* Atropine and Scopolamine
* Atropa belladonna
* Datura
* Hyoscyamus niger
* Mandragora officinarum
* Dimenhydrinate
* Diphenhydramine

Cannabinoids|

* THC
* Cannabis (Marijuana)
* Hashish
* Hash oil
* Synthetic cannabinoids
* JWH-018
* APICA
* APINACA
* Spice

Others|

* Ibogaine
* Tabernanthe iboga
* Muscimol
* Amanita muscaria
* Oneirogens
* Calea zacatechichi
* Silene capensis
* Salvinorin A
* Salvia divinorum

Drug culture

| Cannabis culture|

* 420
* Cannabis consumption
* Cannabis cultivation
* Cannabis edible
* Cannabis rights
* Cannabis rights leaders
* List of cannabis rights organizations
* Cannabis smoking
* Cannabis Social Club
* Cannabis tea
* Cannabis vaping
* Head shop
* Legal history of cannabis in the United States
* Legality of cannabis
* Marijuana Policy Project
* Medical cannabis
* NORML
* Cannabis and religion
* Stoner film

|

Coffee culture|

* Coffee break
* Coffeehouse
* Latte art
* Teahouse

Drinking culture|

* Bartending
* Beer culture
* Beer festival
* Binge drinking
* Diethyl ether
* Drinking games
* Drinking song
* Happy hour
* Hip flask
* Nightclub
* Oktoberfest
* Pub
* Pub crawl
* Sommelier
* Sports bar
* Tailgate party
* Wine bar
* Wine tasting

Psychedelia|

* Psychonautics
* Art
* Drug
* Era
* Experience
* Literature
* Music
* Microdosing
* Smart shop
* Therapy
* Trip report

Smoking culture|

* Cigarette card
* Fashion cigarettes
* Cloud-chasing
* Loosie
* Smokeasy
* Smoking fetishism
* Tobacco smoking

Other|

* Chasing the dragon
* Club drug
* Counterculture of the 1960s
* Dance party
* Drug paraphernalia
* Drug tourism
* Entheogen
* Hippie
* Needle sharing
* Nootropic
* Party and play
* Poly drug use
* Rave
* Religion and drugs
* Self-medication
* Sex and drugs
* Urban legends about drugs
* Whoonga

Legality of drug use

| International|

* International drug control conventions
* 1961 Narcotic Drugs
* 1971 Psychotropic Substances
* 1988 Drug Trafficking
* Other treaties addressing drugs
* Law of the Sea Convention
* Convention Against Doping
* Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs

|

State level|

* Drug policy
* Decriminalization
* Legalization
* Prohibition
* Regulation
* Supply reduction
* Policy reform
* Demand reduction
* Drug Policy Alliance
* Harm reduction
* Law Enforcement Action Partnership
* Liberalization
* Latin America
* Students for Sensible Drug Policy
* Transform Drug Policy Foundation

Drug policy
by country|

* Australia
* Canada
* China
* Czech Republic
* Germany
* India
* Laos
* Netherlands
* Philippines
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* South Korea
* Soviet Union
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* United States
* Just Say No
* Office of National Drug Control Policy
* School district drug policies
* California
* Colorado
* Maryland
* Oregon
* Virginia
* United Kingdom

Drug legality|

* Alcohol legality
* Anabolic steroid legality
* Cannabis legality
* Cocaine legality
* Methamphetamine legality
* Psilocybin decriminalization in the U.S.
* Psilocybin mushrooms legality
* Salvia legality

Other|

* Arguments for and against drug prohibition
* Cannabis rights
* Capital punishment for drug trafficking
* Cognitive liberty
* Designer drug
* Drug court
* Drug possession
* Drug test
* Narc
* Politics of drug abuse
* War on drugs
* Mexican drug war
* Plan Colombia
* Philippine drug war
* Zero tolerance

Other

| Drug
production
and trade|

| Drug
production|

* Coca production in Colombia
* Drug precursors
* Opium production in Afghanistan
* Rolling meth lab

|

Drug trade|

* Illegal drug trade
* Afghanistan
* Aruba
* Australia
* Bangladesh
* Belize
* Benin
* Bhutan
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Burma
* Cambodia
* Chile
* China
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Cuba
* Cyprus
* Dominican Republic
* El Salvador
* Estonia
* Finland
* Germany
* Haiti
* Honduras
* India
* Indian Ocean region
* Iran
* Italy
* Japan
* Kenya
* Kosovo
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Latin America
* Latvia
* Malaysia
* Mauritius
* Moldova
* Nigeria
* Norway
* Oman
* Panama
* Papua New Guinea
* Paraguay
* Philippines
* Poland
* Portugal
* Puerto Rico
* Russia
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Seychelles
* Slovakia
* South Africa
* South Korea
* Spain
* Suriname
* Switzerland
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* United Arab Emirates
* United States
* Venezuela
* Darknet market
* Pharmaceutical distribution
* Beer shop
* Cannabis shop
* Liquor store
* Liquor license

Issues with
drug use|

* Abuse
* Addiction
* Date rape drug
* Dependence
* Driving impaired
* Drug harmfulness
* Effects of cannabis
* Drug-related crime
* Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
* Long-term effects of cannabis
* Neurotoxicity
* Overdose
* Passive smoking
* of tobacco or other substances

Harm reduction|

* Drug checking
* Drug legalization
* Drug rehabilitation
* Needle and syringe programmes
* Opioid replacement therapy
* Pharmacovigilance
* Reagent testing
* Regulation of therapeutic goods
* Responsible drug use
* Substance abuse prevention
* Supervised injection site
* Trip killer

Countries by
drug use|

* Alcohol consumption
* Cocaine use
* Cannabis
* Annual use
* Lifetime use
* Opiates use
* Tobacco consumption

* v
* t
* e

Moro conflict

Prelude|

* Drug abuse
* Gun cultures
* Poverty
* Racism
* Rido
* Piracy
* Jabidah massacre (1968)
* Manili massacre (1971)
* Tacub massacre (1971)
* Palimbang massacre (1974)

Rebel groups|

| Pro-autonomy or independence|

* Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
* Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
* MNLF Executive Council of 15 (MNLF EC-15)

|

Islamists|

* Abu Sayyaf (ASG)
* Ansar Khalifa Philippines (AKP)
* Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF)
* Khalifa Islamiyah Mindanao (KIM)
* Maute group (MG)

Leaders|

| Pro-autonomy or independence|

* Nur Misuari (MNLF)
* Mus Sema (MNLF EC-15)
* Murad Ebrahim (MILF)

|

Islamists|

* Isnilon Hapilon (ASG)
* Khadaffy Janjalani (ASG)
* Ameril Umbra Kato (BIFF)
* Albader Parad (ASG)
* Abu Sabaya (ASG)
* Radullan Sahiron (ASG)
* Jainal Antel Sali Jr. (ASG)
* Ahmed Santos (RSM)
* Hamsiraji Marusi Sali (ASG)
* Omar Maute (MG)
* Abdullah Maute (MG)

Incidents|

* Battle off Mukah (1862)
* Battle of Jolo (1974)
* Patikul massacre (1977)
* Pata Island massacre (1981)
* Ipil massacre (1995)
* Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Battle of Camp Abubakar (2000)
* Misuari rebellion (2001)
* Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines (2002–2015)
* Basilan beheading incident (2007)
* Cotabato conflict (2008)
* Lahad Datu standoff (2013)
* Zamboanga City crisis (2013)
* Operation Darkhorse (2014)
* Battle of Basilan (2014)
* Mamasapano clash (2015)
* Battle of Tipo-Tipo (2016)
* Butig clashes (2016)
* Bohol clashes (2017)
* Siege of Marawi (2017)
* Ungkaya Pukan clash  (2022)

Incidents involving
civilians|

* Lahad Datu ambush (1985)
* Ozamiz Ferry Bombing (2000)
* Sipadan kidnappings (2000)
* Rizal Day bombings (2000)
* Dos Palmas kidnappings (2000–2001)
* Siege of Lamitan (2001)
* Zamboanga City bombings (2002)
* SuperFerry 14 bombing (2004)
* Central Mindanao bombings (2006)
* Mindanao bombings (2009)
* Maguindanao massacre (2009)
* Bukidnon bus bombing (2014)
* Davao City bombing (2016)
* Jolo Cathedral bombings (2019)
* Jolo bombings (2020)
* Datu Paglas market occupation (2021)
* Mindanao State University bombing (2023)

Peace process|

* 1976 Tripoli Agreement (MNLF)
* 1987 Jeddah Accord (MNLF)
* 1996 Final Peace Agreement (MNLF)
* 2012 Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro (MILF)
* 2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (MILF)

Security zones
and peace monitoring|

* AFP Western Mindanao Command
* AFP Eastern Mindanao Command
* Eastern Sabah Security Command
* Eastern Sabah Security Zone
* International Monitoring Team
* Joint Peace and Security Team

Related articles|

* Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
* Bangsamoro Organic Law
* Bangsamoro Autonomous Region
* Bangsamoro Republik
* Cross border attacks in Sabah
* Ilaga
* Moro people
* Proclamation No. 216
* Refugees

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template