Immigration to Spain

Ethnic group

Immigration to Spain (2025)Total population

9,686,214 born-abroad (19.64%)[1]
7,050,174 foreign citizenship (14.3%)
49,315,949 Total population of Spain (2025)
Foreign-born population in Spain (2024)

Immigration to Spain, which had been very low for much of the country's history, increased sharply in the early 21st century. In 1998, immigrants made up just 1.6% of the population, but by 2009, that figure had exceeded 12%. Following a decline during the economic crisis, immigration began to rise again after 2015, with a marked acceleration after 2021, reaching 19.64% of the population as of July 2025.[2]

As of 2025, there were 9,379,972 foreign-born people in Spain, making up to 19.11% of the population, including 5,308,314 (11.14%) born in a non-European country. Of these 6,852,348 (13.96%) did not have Spanish citizenship.[3] This makes Spain the 4th country in Europe by immigration numbers and the 10th worldwide. Spain attracts significant immigration from Latin America and Eastern Europe. The fastest-growing immigrant groups in 2017 were Venezuelans, Colombians, Italians, Ukrainians, and Argentines.[4]

During the early 21st century, the average year-on-year demographic growth set a new record with its 2003 peak variation of 2.1%, doubling the previous record reached in the 1960s when a mean year-on-year growth of 1% was experienced.[5] In 2005 alone, the immigrant population of Spain increased by 700,000 people.[6]

Spain accepted 478,990 new immigrant residents in just the first six months of 2022 alone. During these months, 220,443 people also emigrated from Spain, leaving a record-breaking net migration figure of 258,547.[7] More women than men chose to move to Spain during 2022; this is due to higher rates of emigration from Latin America.[7]

## Currently

[edit]

Impact of immigration on the Spanish population pyramid Foreign population in Spain[8][9][10]

Year  | Population  | % total
1981 | 198,042 | 0.52%
1986 | 241,971 | 0.63%
1991 | 360,655 | 0.91%
1996 | 542,314 | 1.37%
1998 | 637,085 | 1.60%
1999 | 748,954 | 1.86%
2000 | 923,879 | 2.28%
2001 | 1,370,657 | 3.33%
2002 | 1,977,946 | 4.73%
2003 | 2,664,168 | 6.24%
2004 | 3,034,326 | 7.02%
2005 | 3,730,610 | 8.46%
2006 | 4,144,166 | 9.27%
2007 | 4,519,554 | 9.9%
2008 | 5,268,762 | 11.4%
2009 | 5,648,671 | 12.1%
2010 | 5,747,734 | 12.2%
2011 | 5,751,487 | 12.2%
2012 | 5,736,258 | 12.1%
2013 | 5,546,238 | 11.8%
2014 | 5,023,487 | 10.7%
2015 | 4,729,644 | 10.1%
2016 | 4,618,581 | 9.9%
2017 | 4,572,807 | 9.8%
2018 | 4,663,726 | 10.0%
2019 | 5,023,279 | 10.7%
2020 | 5,434,153 | 11.5%
2021 | 5,440,148 | 11.5%
2022 | 5,542,932 | 11.7%
2023 | 6,089,620 | 12.7%
2024 | 6,735,487 | 13.8%

According to the United Nations, there were 5,947,106 immigrants in Spain in early 2018, 12.8% of the population of Spain.[11] According to the Spanish government, there were 5.6 million foreign residents in Spain in 2010; independent estimates put the figure 14% of total population (Red Cross, World Disasters Report 2006). According to the official 2011 census data, almost 800,000 were Romanian, 774,000 were Moroccan, 317,000 were Ecuadorian, 312,000 were British and 250,000 were Colombian [11]. Other important foreign communities are Bolivian (4.1%), German (3.4%), Italian (3.1%), Bulgarian (2.9%), Chinese (2.6%) and Argentine (2.5%). In 2005, a regularization programme increased the legal immigrant population by 700,000 people. Since 2000, Spain has experienced high population growth as a result of immigration flows, despite a birth rate that is only half of the replacement level.

According to Eurostat, in 2010, there were 6.4 million foreign-born residents in Spain, corresponding to 14.0% of the total population. Of these, 4.1 million (8.9%) were born outside the EU and 2.3 million (5.1%) were born in another EU Member State.[12]

As of 2005 Spain had the second highest immigration rates within the EU, just after Cyprus, and the second highest absolute net migration in the World (after the USA).[13]

Over 920,000 immigrants arrived in Spain during 2007, in addition to 802,971 in 2006, 682,711 in 2005, and 645,844 in 2004.[14]

Sneakers with nails in the soles and a metal hook, that illegal migrants use to jump the fences of Ceuta and Melilla.

For nationalities outside of this category,[clarification needed] in order to stay in Spain for more than 3 months, a residence card, residence visa or work permit is required.[15]

Two distinct groups can be identified: those immigrants (mostly in working age) originating from countries mostly located in Eastern Europe, South America or Africa, with lower purchasing power than Spain, comprising most of the immigrating population, and those (of whom many are retired) originating from northern European or other western countries with a higher GDP per capita than Spain.[16]

## Immigrants from Europe

[edit]

Immigrants from Europe make up a growing proportion of immigrants in Spain. The main countries of origin are Romania, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Bulgaria.

The British authorities estimate that the real population of British citizens living in Spain is much bigger than Spanish official figures suggest, establishing them at about 1,000,000, about 800,000 being permanent residents.[17] Of these, according to the BBC and contrary to popular belief, only about 21.5% are over the age of 65.[18]

In fact, according to the Financial Times, Spain is the most favoured destination for West Europeans considering to move from their own country elsewhere in the EU.[19]

## Social attitudes to immigration

[edit]

Unlike other countries in the EU, Spain has not recorded any relevant anti-immigration about until fairly recently.[20] According to some analysts, the causes behind this are multiple. Drawing from the experience of many Spaniards during the 1960s and then again in the beginning of the 21st century when the crisis struck the country, there may be also a collective understanding that hardships force people to seek work abroad.[20]

A January 2004 survey by Spanish newspaper El País showed that the "majority" of Spaniards believe immigration was too high.[21] Small parties, such as Movimiento Social Español, openly campaign using nationalist or anti-immigrant rhetoric as do other small far-right parties such as National Democracy (Spain) and España 2000. These parties have never won national or regional parliamentary seats. However, while the far-right political party Vox has gained headlines for favouring tough stance against immigration, commentators have suggested that this has not translated into electoral success for them.[22][23]

According to an October 2024 survey for the El País newspaper and Cadena SER radio station, 57% of Spaniards believe there is "too much" immigration to Spain.[24]

## Immigration by country of origin

[edit]

Population by country of birth as of 1 January 2024:[25]

Country  | Population

|

Morocco | 1,092,892
Colombia | 856,616
Venezuela | 599,769
Romania | 532,456
Ecuador | 448,643
Argentina | 415,987
Peru | 378,924
UK | 285,093
Cuba | 223,532
France | 217,247
Ukraine | 215,700
Honduras | 201,319
Dominican Republic | 201,162
China | 198,805
Bolivia | 189,285
Brazil | 179,033
Germany | 177,715
Italy | 160,201
Paraguay | 146,047
Russia | 134,068
Pakistan | 123,882
Bulgaria | 104,756
Portugal | 96,187
Senegal | 95,812
Uruguay | 89,595
Algeria | 87,854
Nicaragua | 87,786
Mexico | 79,581
Chile | 76,638
USA | 69,171
India | 65,799
Switzerland | 59,718
Netherlands | 57,771
Poland | 54,832
Belgium | 54,776
Philippines | 57,498

### Recent trends

[edit]

Countries with at least 10,000 people, immigrating each year.[26] Country | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019

|
|
|
|

Venezuela | 31,553 | 52,385 | 71,666 | 73,932
Morocco | 30,097 | 40,372 | 61,715 | 73,560
Colombia | 24,844 | 36,678 | 56,253 | 80,054
United Kingdom | 23,876 | 28,875 | 31,276 | 37,617
Romania | 27,860 | 30,235 | 28,030 | 25,675
Honduras | 11,074 | 18,573 | 23,671 | 29,185
Italy | 18,526 | 22,203 | 22,002 | 21,517
Peru | 9,711 | 15,945 | 21,463 | 31,307
Argentina | 10,852 | 14,904 | 19,166 | 31,132
Brazil | 11,954 | 14,816 | 17,863 | 18,703
France | 13,341 | 16,290 | 16,210 | 16,543
Ecuador | 12,349 | 15,600 | 15,893 | 17,635
Cuba | 8,122 | 10,280 | 14,265 | 17,588
United States | 9,942 | 12,719 | 13,853 | 15,050
Germany | 10,505 | 12,714 | 13,314 | 13,262
China | 10,552 | 11,779 | 12,182 | 12,757
Nicaragua | 4,250 | 6,330 | 11,732 | 17,410
Dominican Republic | 9,709 | 11,324 | 10,813 | 11,037
Total | 414,746 | 532,132 | 643,684 |  748,759
Place of Birth  | Year

|

2011[27][28]
Number  | %
|  |
Place of Birth in Reporting Country (Spain)  | 41,153,550  |
Place of Birth Not in Reporting Country  | 5,648,995  |
Other EU Member State  | 1,890,605  |
Outside EU but within Europe  | 239,880  |
Outside Europe/ Non-European  | 3,758,390  |
Africa  | 945,905  |
Asia  | 259,345  |
North America  | 41,220  |
Caribbean, South or Central America  | 2,265,685  |
Oceania  | 6,360  |
|  |
Total  | 46,815,910 | 100%
Foreign Population by Nationality[29] | Number  | %

|
|

2022  |  |
TOTAL FOREIGNERS  | 5,542,932 |
|  |
|  |
EUROPE  | 2,205,961  |
EUROPEAN UNION  | 1,617,911  |
OTHER EUROPE  | 588,050  |
AFRICA  | 1,217,706  |
SOUTH AMERICA  | 1,173,900  |
CENTRAL AMERICA/CARIBBEAN  | 368,461  |
NORTH AMERICA  | 76,628  |
ASIA  | 493,065  |
OCEANIA  | 3,580  |
Instituto Nacional de Estadística  |  |
|  |

### Major immigration

[edit]

This chart shows the numbers and difference of foreign nationals in Spain after 2000. European Union member states are indicated with the EU flag in regional European sub-divisions. The number of Latin American immigrants decreased massively after 2009 mostly due to the naturalization of hundreds of thousands of these citizens who achieved the Spanish citizenship and therefore do not count as immigrants anymore on the official statistics.[30] See the chart from below from the "Naturalizations" paragraph for further information.

Origin  | 2000  | 2005  | 2010  | 2015  | 2020[31] | Article

|
|
|
|
|
|

Morocco | 173,158 | 511,294 | 754,080 | 750,883 | 865,945 | Moroccans in Spain
Romania | 6,410 | 317,366 | 831,235 | 752,268 | 667,378 | Romanians in Spain
Colombia | 25,247 | 271,239 | 292,641 | 151,258 | 273,050 | Colombians in Spain
United Kingdom | 99,017 | 227,187 | 387,677 | 283,243 | 262,885 | British migration to Spain
Italy | 27,874 | 95,377 | 184,277 | 179,363 | 252,008 | Italians in Spain
China | 19,191 | 87,731 | 158,244 | 191,638 | 232,807 | Chinese people in Spain
Venezuela | 12,119 | 49,206 | 60,399 | 48,421 | 189,110 | Venezuelans in Spain
Ecuador | 20,481 | 497,799 | 399,586 | 176,397 | 130,919 | Ecuadorians in Spain
Bulgaria | 3,031 | 93,037 | 169,552 | 142,328 | 122,375 | Bulgarians in Spain
Honduras | 1,293 | 7,017 | 27,363 | 43,283 | 121,963 | \-
Ukraine | 1,646 | 65,667 | 83,313 | 91,004 | 115,186 | Ukrainians in Spain
Germany | 88,651 | 133,588 | 195,824 | 130,911 | 111,937 | Germans in Spain
France | 46,375 | 77,791 | 123,870 | 99,598 | 108,275 | French in Spain
Peru | 27,422 | 85,029 | 140,182 | 71,112 | 106,712 | Peruvians in Spain
Brazil | 11,126 | 54,115 | 117,808 | 73,863 | 98,655 | \-
Pakistan | 4,195 | 31,913 | 56,877 | 77,695 | 97,705 | Pakistanis in Spain
Portugal | 43,339 | 66,236 | 142,520 | 98,751 | 97,628 | Portuguese in Spain
Bolivia | 2,117 | 97,947 | 213,169 | 126,375 | 92,630 | Bolivians in Spain
Argentina | 23,351 | 152,975 | 132,249 | 75,313 | 89,029 | Argentines in Spain
Paraguay | 711 | 16,295 | 85,687 | 69,451 | 87,045 | Paraguayans in Spain
Russia | 5,199 | 36,319 | 49,820 | 68,387 | 82,788 | Russians in Spain
Senegal | 7,526 | 29,608 | 61,970 | 61,798 | 76,973 | \-
Dominican Republic | 24,847 | 57,134 | 91,212 | 75,315 | 75,261 | Dominicans in Spain
Algeria | 10,759 | 46,278 | 58,743 | 62,398 | 66,893 | \-
Cuba | 17,814 | 45,009 | 54,954 | 46,397 | 64,634 | \-
Nicaragua | 700 | 1,953 | 12,190 | 20,941 | 57,530 | \-
India | 6,807 | 17,558 | 32,947 | 36,724 | 54,387 | Indians in Spain
Poland | 8,164 | 36,477 | 86,324 | 63,324 | 53,418 | Poles in Spain
Netherlands | 21,763 | 33,845 | 53,983 | 45,844 | 46,891 | \-
United States | 15,720 | 25,831 | 25,771 | 30,183 | 40,712 | Americans in Spain
TOTAL | 923,879 | 3,730,610 | 5,747,734 | 4,729,644 | 5,036,878

* [12]

### From other countries

[edit]

#### Europe

[edit]

European Union member states are indicated with the EU flag in regional European sub-divisions.

Origin  | 2007  | 2006  | Ref.

|
|
|

Albania | 1,353 | 1,316 | [32]
Andorra | 1,022 | 1,075
Austria | 8,651 | 7,776
Belarus | 3,135 | 3,262
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,659 | 1,827
Croatia | 1,649 | 1,788
Cyprus | 146 | 130
Czech Republic | 6,423 | 5,160
Denmark | 10,906 | 9,977
Estonia | 984 | 784
Finland | 9,990 | 9,313
Georgia | 7,355 | 6,284 |
Greece | 3,567 | 3,027
Hungary | 4,597 | 3,344
Iceland | 1,083 | 920
Ireland | 13,279 | 11,495
Latvia | 2,128 | 1,741
Liechtenstein | 48 | 117
Lithuania | 18,528 | 15,200
Luxembourg | 562 | 1,336
North Macedonia | 407 | 440
Malta | 152 | 129
Moldova | 12,801 | 11,330
Norway | 15,630 | 14,154
Serbia | 3,133 | 3,474
Slovakia | 5,999 | 4,515
Slovenia | 799 | 619
Sweden | 20,058 | 18,096
Switzerland | 16,361 | 15,385
Rest of European countries | 66 | 83
TOTAL EUROPE | 1,895,727 | 1,609,856

#### Africa

[edit]

Origin  | 2007  | 2006  | Article

|
|
|

Angola | 2,114 | 3,698 |
Cape Verde | 2,998 | 3,611 |
Cameroon | 4,029 | 3,955 |
Republic of the Congo | 1,801 | 1,888 |
Ivory Coast | 1,636 | 1,759 |
Egypt | 2,566 | 3,634 | Egyptians in Spain
Gambia | 17,393 | 13,627 |
Ghana | 12,699 | 13,133 |
Guinea | 9,159 | 9,901 |
Equatorial Guinea | 13,129 | 19,456 | Spanish Equatoguineans
Guinea-Bissau | 5,229 | 5,274 |
Liberia | 581 | 1,167 |
Mali | 17,094 | 14,497 |
Mauritania | 9,271 | 9,308 |
DR Congo | 1,008 | 1,548 |
Sierra Leone | 989 | 1,487 |
South Africa | 704 | 2,086 |
Tunisia | 1,544 | 2,194 | Tunisians in Spain
Rest of African countries | 5,041 | 8,679 |
TOTAL | 806.795 |  |

* Source: [13][permanent dead link]

#### Central America

[edit]

Origin  | 2007  | 2006

|
|

Costa Rica | 1,320 | 2,373
El Salvador | 3,795 | 5,102
Guatemala | 2,417 | 4,321
Honduras | 14,253 | 10,652
Nicaragua | 4,547 | 4,204
Panama | 1,794 | 3,520
Rest of Central America countries | 1,002 | 2,517
TOTAL | 139.945 |

#### North America

[edit]

Origin  | 2007  | 2006

|
|

Canada | 2,419 | 5,420
United States | 22,082 | 32,626
Mexico | 21,107 | 40,574
TOTAL | 45.608 |

#### Asia

[edit]

Origin  | 2007  | 2006  | Article

|
|
|

Armenia | 9,582 | 9,365 | Armenians in Spain
Philippines | 54,385 | 51,368 | Filipinos in Spain
South Korea | 22,465 | 13,144 | Koreans in Spain
India | 21,296 | 23,296 | Indians in Spain
Bangladesh | 6,480 | 6,130 |
Iran | 12,334 | 4,568 | Iranians in Spain
Iraq | 880 | 1,706 | Iraqi people in Spain
Israel | 1,713 | 2,427 |
Japan | 11,636 | 7,684 | Japanese Spaniards
Jordan | 1,088 | 2,082 | Jordanian people in Spain
Lebanon | 6,250 | 2,750 | Lebanese people in Spain
Syria | 6,129 | 4,575 | Syrian people in Spain
Turkey | 1,758 | 1,656 | Turks in Spain
Rest of Asian countries | 6,430 | 2,517 |
TOTAL | 219.843 |  |

#### Oceania

[edit]

Origin  | 2007  | 2006

|
|

Australia | 1,455 | 5,131
New Zealand | 301 | 298
Rest of Oceanian countries | 494 | 1,099
TOTAL | 2.271 |

## Comparison with other countries from European Union

[edit]

According to Eurostat 47.3 million people lived in the European Union in 2010 who were born outside their resident country. This corresponds to 9.4% of the total EU population. Of these, 31.4 million (6.3%) were born outside the EU and 16.0 million (3.2%) were born in another EU member state. The largest absolute numbers of people born outside the EU were in Germany (6.4 million), France (5.1 million), the United Kingdom (4.7 million), Spain (4.1 million), Italy (3.2 million), and the Netherlands (1.4 million).[12]

Country | Total population (millions) | Total Foreign-born (millions) | % | Born in other EU state (millions) | % | Born in a non EU state (millions) | %

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Germany | 81.802 | 9.812 | 12.0 | 3.396 | 4.2 | 6.415 | 7.8
France | 64.716 | 7.196 | 11.1 | 2.118 | 3.3 | 5.078 | 7.8
United Kingdom | 62.008 | 7.012 | 11.3 | 2.245 | 3.6 | 4.767 | 7.7
Spain | 45.989 | 6.422 | 14.0 | 2.328 | 5.1 | 4.094 | 8.9
Italy | 60.343 | 4.798 | 8.0 | 1.592 | 2.6 | 3.205 | 5.3
Netherlands | 16.575 | 1.832 | 11.1 | 0.428 | 2.6 | 1.404 | 8.5
Greece | 11.305 | 1.256 | 11.1 | 0.315 | 2.8 | 0.940 | 8.3
Sweden | 9.340 | 1.337 | 14.3 | 0.477 | 5.1 | 0.859 | 9.2
Austria | 8.367 | 1.276 | 15.2 | 0.512 | 6.1 | 0.764 | 9.1
Belgium | 10.666 | 1.380 | 12.9 | 0.695 | 6.5 | 0.685 | 6.4
Portugal | 10.637 | 0.793 | 7.5 | 0.191 | 1.8 | 0.602 | 5.7
Denmark | 5.534 | 0.500 | 9.0 | 0.152 | 2.8 | 0.348 | 6.3
EU 27 | 501.098 | 47.348 | 9.4 | 15.980 | 3.2 | 31.368 | 6.3

## Irregular migration

[edit]

See also: External border of the European Union

The concept of an "irregular", "undocumented", or "illegal" migrant did not become meaningful in Spain's social imagination until the passing of the Ley de Extranjería in 1985, a year before Spain's entry into the European Communities.[33]

Even though the main paths for the entry of clandestine migration have traditionally been airports and land borders, the sea route has proven to have a "profound impact at the social level" owing to qualitative, rather than quantitative, reasons.[34]

Regarding the governance of the migration of Sub-Saharan people from Morocco (and Western Sahara) into Spain (which include crossings into the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, as well as a sea route to the Canary Islands), the Moroccan and Spanish authorities follow necropolitical forms of border control which are complemented with the favouring of the idea of "advancing borders" by reaching deals with origin or transit countries such as Guinea Conakry, Mali, Ivory Coast, and Gambia.[35]

On 9 October 2024, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez urged the European Parliament to speed up the implementation of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum to alleviate the migration crisis in the Canary Islands,[36] which had seen the illegal arrival of a record number of 46,843 migrants, mostly from Senegal, Mali and Morocco (up from 39,910 in 2023).[37] Sánchez tried to push through a law that would introduce mandatory distribution of migrants among Spanish regions in order to alleviate pressure in the Canary Islands.[38]

The Sánchez government planned to legalize around 900,000 undocumented migrants by 2027.[39]

## Naturalizations

[edit]

From 2005 to 2022 alone, more than 2.2 million foreigners were granted Spanish citizenship through naturalization.[40]

Since the end of the 20th century the number of foreigners who have obtained Spanish nationality has grown steadily, as Spain has been the EU country with the biggest number of approved naturalizations since 2010 until 2015. 1 out of 4 naturalizations made in the European Union in 2014 were belonging to Spain. Most of these naturalizations went to citizens coming from Latin America (which explains the massive decrease of these citizens counting as immigrants in Spain) mainly from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, although Morocco was amongst the top 3 as well.[41] After 4 years being the first, Spain dropped to the 3rd position in 2015 due to the stricter laws to naturalize citizens. Still, 114.351 foreigners became Spanish citizens in 2015, the majority being Latin Americans.[42]

New Spanish nationals by naturalization, 2005-2021[43][44][45] Year  |

Naturalizations

|

2005  | 42,829
2006  | 62,339
2007  | 71,810
2008  | 84,170
2009  | 79,597
2010  | 123,721
2011  | 114,599
2012  | 115,557
2013  | 261,295
2014  | 205,880
2015  | 114,351
2016  | 150,944
2017  | 66,498
2018  | 90,774
2019  | 98,954
2020  | 126,266
2021  | 202,336
2022  | 181,581

## Immigration detention

[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Immigration detention § Spain.[edit]

There are nine detention centers in Spain, known as CIEs (Centro de Internamiento de Extranjeros), run by the Ministry of the Interior, which can be found in the cities of Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Algeciras, Tarifa, Malaga, and in the islands of Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, and Tenerife.[46]

Expulsion paperwork can be initiated when a foreign person is in one of the following situations:[47]

1. Lacking documentation in Spanish territory.
2. Working without a work permit, even if they have a valid resident permit.
3. Be involved in activities that violate public order or interior or exterior state security or any activity contrary to Spanish interests or that could put in danger Spain's relations with other countries.
4. Be convicted inside or outside of Spain of a crime punishable by incarceration for greater than one year.
5. Hiding or falsifying their situation from the Ministry of the Interior.
6. Lacking a legal livelihood or taking part in illegal activity.

Various civil organizations (e.g. APDHA, SOS Racismo, and Andalucía Acoge) have appealed to the Supreme Court of Spain, declaring the regulations behind the CIEs null and void for violating several human rights.[48]

## Crime rates

[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Immigration and crime § Spain.[edit]

A 2008 study finds that the rates of crimes committed by immigrants are substantially higher than nationals.[49] The study finds that "the arrival of immigrants has resulted in a lack of progress in the reduction of offences against property and in a minor increase in the number of offences against Collective Security (i.e. drugs and trafficking). In the case of nationals, their contribution to the increase in the crime rate is primarily concentrated in offences against persons."[49] By controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors, the gap between immigrants and natives is reduced but not fully. The authors also find "that a higher proportions of American, non-UE European, and African immigrants tend to widen the crime differential, the effect being larger for the latter ones".[49] The same paper provides supports for the notion that labour market conditions impact the relationship between crime and immigration. Cultural differences were also statistically detected.[49] This study has been criticized for not using strong instruments for identifying causality: the "instruments (lagged values of the covariates and measures of the service share of GDP in a province) are not convincing in dealing with the endogeneity of migrant location choice."[50] Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) published a study that analyzes records in the Register of Convicted in 2008. The data show that immigrants are overrepresented in the crime statistics: 70% of all crimes were committed by Spaniards and 30% by foreigners.[51] Foreigners make up 15% of the population.[51]

## See also

[edit]

* Spain portal

* Opposition to immigration
* Remigration
* Demographics of Spain
* Immigration to Europe
* Spanish nationality law
* List of countries by immigrant population
* List of sovereign states and dependent territories by fertility rate

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Continuous Population Statistics (CPS). July 1st 2025. Provisional data". Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved 8 August 2025.
2. ^ "Población residente por fecha, sexo, grupo de edad y país de nacimiento(56937)". INE (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2025.
3. ^ "Estadística Continua de Población (ECP) a 7 noviembre de 2024. Datos provisionales". ine.es (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
4. ^ R. Sanmartín, Olga (25 June 2018). "La llegada de inmigrantes a España aumenta un 28% y hace crecer la población por segundo año consecutivo". El Mundo (in Spanish). Madrid: Unidad Editorial. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
5. ^ "Official report on Spanish recent Macroeconomics, including data and comments on immigration" (PDF). La Moncloa: 13–43\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2008. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
6. ^ "Evolution of the foreign population in Spain since 1998". Instituto Nacional de Estadística (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
7. ^ a b Betty Henderson (26 January 2023). "Immigration resumes to pre-pandemic levels in Spain with more women immigrants than men". EuroWeekly News. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
8. ^ Fuente: para los años 1981, 1986 y 1991, los datos se refieren tan sólo a extranjeros con permiso de residencia a 31 de diciembre y proceden del Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, citado en [1][permanent dead link] (tomando, para el porcentaje de 1986, la población española de hecho según la estimación intercensal del INE para el 1 de julio [2]). Para los datos de 1996 y posteriores, todos los datos proceden del INE [3]
9. ^ "For 2013 and 2014" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
10. ^ "Población por comunidades, edad (grupos quinquenales), Españoles/Extranjeros, Sexo y Año". INE. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
11. ^ "España - Inmigración 2019". Datosmacro.com. Archived from the original on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
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## External links

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* ASESER Teranga: Asociación de Inmigrantes Senegaleses Residentes en A Coruña Archived 19 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine

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